Enterobacter species Distribution, emerging virulence and multiple antibiotic resistance dynamics in effluents: A countrified spread-hub and implications of abattior release
Rashidat B. Maikalu , Bright E. Igere , Emmanuel E.O. Odjadjare
{"title":"Enterobacter species Distribution, emerging virulence and multiple antibiotic resistance dynamics in effluents: A countrified spread-hub and implications of abattior release","authors":"Rashidat B. Maikalu , Bright E. Igere , Emmanuel E.O. Odjadjare","doi":"10.1016/j.totert.2023.100074","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Abattoirs operations are adjudged as social service that impact the business development/financial status of societies however, it’s release have been implicated as emerging environmental contaminant. Coincidentially, reports on the spread of multiple antibiotics resistant (MAR) potential enterobacteriaceae from abattoir release continues to undulate with some ambiguity. This study determines the Enterobacter species distribution, emerging virulence and multiple antibiotic resistance dynamics in effluents: a countrified spread-hub and implications of abattior release. Using both standard microbiological/molecular biology techniques, abattoir effluent released into the receiving river at Ikpoba-Oha community, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria was collected at catchment points. A six-weekly grab (once-off) sample was collected between February and April 2019 from Point Source (PS), Confluent Point (CP), 500 m Upstream (UP) and 500 m Downstream (DS) of CP for microbiological and molecular biology processing. Our result revealed that the bacterial density and total heterotrophic count in PS were significantly (p < 0.01) higher than those recorded in UP and DS. The morphological, biochemical and phenotypic characteristics of the presumptive isolates reveals eight <em>Enterobacter</em> spp. with phenotypic virulence determinants including β- heamolysis, gelatinase production, biofilm formation etc amongst isolates. The 16S rRNA gene PCR detection and partial gene sequencing confirmed two strains of <em>Enterobacter cloacae</em> which are deposited as <em>Enterobacter cloacae</em> BIU RASH1 and <em>Enterobacter cloacae</em> BIU RASH7 with genebank ascension numbers of MN577420 and MN581680. These strains antibiotic susceptibility testing reports showed MAR phenotypes on antibiotics ranging from fluoroquinolone, β-lactam, cephalosporin, tetracycline etc, and MAR-index of 0.82. Such observations amongst abattoir effluents isolates implicates abattoir as potential pathogen distribution hub if adequate control steps are not instituted in affected communities. There is therefore need to ensure that wastes from abattoirs are adequately treated to eliminate potential pathogens before discharge into the environmental water resources to prevent potential public health concerns associated with such release.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101255,"journal":{"name":"Total Environment Research Themes","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100074"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Total Environment Research Themes","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772809923000515","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Abattoirs operations are adjudged as social service that impact the business development/financial status of societies however, it’s release have been implicated as emerging environmental contaminant. Coincidentially, reports on the spread of multiple antibiotics resistant (MAR) potential enterobacteriaceae from abattoir release continues to undulate with some ambiguity. This study determines the Enterobacter species distribution, emerging virulence and multiple antibiotic resistance dynamics in effluents: a countrified spread-hub and implications of abattior release. Using both standard microbiological/molecular biology techniques, abattoir effluent released into the receiving river at Ikpoba-Oha community, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria was collected at catchment points. A six-weekly grab (once-off) sample was collected between February and April 2019 from Point Source (PS), Confluent Point (CP), 500 m Upstream (UP) and 500 m Downstream (DS) of CP for microbiological and molecular biology processing. Our result revealed that the bacterial density and total heterotrophic count in PS were significantly (p < 0.01) higher than those recorded in UP and DS. The morphological, biochemical and phenotypic characteristics of the presumptive isolates reveals eight Enterobacter spp. with phenotypic virulence determinants including β- heamolysis, gelatinase production, biofilm formation etc amongst isolates. The 16S rRNA gene PCR detection and partial gene sequencing confirmed two strains of Enterobacter cloacae which are deposited as Enterobacter cloacae BIU RASH1 and Enterobacter cloacae BIU RASH7 with genebank ascension numbers of MN577420 and MN581680. These strains antibiotic susceptibility testing reports showed MAR phenotypes on antibiotics ranging from fluoroquinolone, β-lactam, cephalosporin, tetracycline etc, and MAR-index of 0.82. Such observations amongst abattoir effluents isolates implicates abattoir as potential pathogen distribution hub if adequate control steps are not instituted in affected communities. There is therefore need to ensure that wastes from abattoirs are adequately treated to eliminate potential pathogens before discharge into the environmental water resources to prevent potential public health concerns associated with such release.