Enterobacter species Distribution, emerging virulence and multiple antibiotic resistance dynamics in effluents: A countrified spread-hub and implications of abattior release

Rashidat B. Maikalu , Bright E. Igere , Emmanuel E.O. Odjadjare
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Abstract

Abattoirs operations are adjudged as social service that impact the business development/financial status of societies however, it’s release have been implicated as emerging environmental contaminant. Coincidentially, reports on the spread of multiple antibiotics resistant (MAR) potential enterobacteriaceae from abattoir release continues to undulate with some ambiguity. This study determines the Enterobacter species distribution, emerging virulence and multiple antibiotic resistance dynamics in effluents: a countrified spread-hub and implications of abattior release. Using both standard microbiological/molecular biology techniques, abattoir effluent released into the receiving river at Ikpoba-Oha community, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria was collected at catchment points. A six-weekly grab (once-off) sample was collected between February and April 2019 from Point Source (PS), Confluent Point (CP), 500 m Upstream (UP) and 500 m Downstream (DS) of CP for microbiological and molecular biology processing. Our result revealed that the bacterial density and total heterotrophic count in PS were significantly (p < 0.01) higher than those recorded in UP and DS. The morphological, biochemical and phenotypic characteristics of the presumptive isolates reveals eight Enterobacter spp. with phenotypic virulence determinants including β- heamolysis, gelatinase production, biofilm formation etc amongst isolates. The 16S rRNA gene PCR detection and partial gene sequencing confirmed two strains of Enterobacter cloacae which are deposited as Enterobacter cloacae BIU RASH1 and Enterobacter cloacae BIU RASH7 with genebank ascension numbers of MN577420 and MN581680. These strains antibiotic susceptibility testing reports showed MAR phenotypes on antibiotics ranging from fluoroquinolone, β-lactam, cephalosporin, tetracycline etc, and MAR-index of 0.82. Such observations amongst abattoir effluents isolates implicates abattoir as potential pathogen distribution hub if adequate control steps are not instituted in affected communities. There is therefore need to ensure that wastes from abattoirs are adequately treated to eliminate potential pathogens before discharge into the environmental water resources to prevent potential public health concerns associated with such release.

肠杆菌种类分布、新出现的毒力和污水中多种抗生素耐药性动态:一个国家传播中心和屠宰释放的影响
屠宰场的经营被判定为影响社会商业发展/金融状况的社会服务,然而,它的释放被认为是新出现的环境污染物。巧合的是,关于屠宰场释放的多种抗生素耐药性(MAR)潜在肠杆菌科传播的报道仍在波动,但有些模糊。这项研究确定了肠杆菌的物种分布、新出现的毒力和废水中的多种抗生素耐药性动态:一个乡村传播中心和杀菌剂释放的影响。使用标准微生物/分子生物学技术,在尼日利亚埃多州贝宁市Ikpoba Oha社区的集水区收集排入接收河的屠宰场污水。在2019年2月至4月期间,从CP的点源(PS)、汇合点(CP)、上游500米(UP)和下游500米(DS)采集了六周一次的取样(一次性),用于微生物和分子生物学处理。我们的结果显示,PS中的细菌密度和总异养计数显著(p<;0.01)高于UP和DS中的记录。推定分离株的形态、生化和表型特征揭示了8种肠杆菌属。其表型毒力决定因素包括β-溶血、明胶酶产生、,分离物之间的生物膜形成等。16S rRNA基因PCR检测和部分基因测序证实了两株阴沟肠杆菌,分别为阴沟肠菌BIU RASH1和阴沟肠细菌BIU RASH7,基因库提升数分别为MN577420和MN581680。这些菌株的抗生素敏感性测试报告显示,对氟喹诺酮、β-内酰胺、头孢菌素、四环素等抗生素的MAR表型,MAR指数为0.82。如果在受影响的社区没有采取足够的控制措施,屠宰场废水分离株中的这些观察结果表明,屠宰场是潜在的病原体分布中心。因此,有必要确保屠宰场的废物在排入环境水资源之前得到充分处理,以消除潜在的病原体,以防止与此类排放相关的潜在公共卫生问题。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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