Tomography of Materials and Structures最新文献

{"title":"3D Visualization of cyanobacterial biofilms using micro-computed tomography with contrast-enhancing staining agents","authors":"Laurenz Schröer ,&nbsp;Tim Balcaen ,&nbsp;Karel Folens ,&nbsp;Nico Boon ,&nbsp;Tim De Kock ,&nbsp;Greet Kerckhofs ,&nbsp;Veerle Cnudde","doi":"10.1016/j.tmater.2024.100024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmater.2024.100024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Currently, biofilms colonizing surfaces are mainly imaged in 2D by conventional techniques, such as optical or scanning electron microscopy. Confocal laser scanning microscopy or optical coherence tomography can visualize biofilms in 3D, but they suffer from a limited penetration depth and cannot visualize biofilms in opaque materials. Micro-computed tomography (µCT) can overcome these issues, but µCT cannot easily distinguish biofilm structures from water due to a lack of contrast difference. Within this research, five contrast-enhancing staining agents (CESAs) were evaluated for their staining potential of cyanobacterial biofilms, aiming to visualize these biofilms in 3D. Isotonic Lugol and 1:2 hafnium(IV)-substituted Wells-Dawson polyoxometalate (Hf-WD 1:2 POM) were the most promising, as they allowed visualization of the biofilms and revealed structures in the stained biofilms. Staining with isotonic Lugol could clearly visualize bundles of filaments within the biofilm, while Hf-WD 1:2 POM revealed a smooth biofilm. It is assumed that both CESAs have a different affinity towards the biofilms and could thus be used complementary. Monolacunary Wells-Dawson polyoxometalate (Mono-WD POM) showed moderate discrimination while staining with cationic iodinated CA4+ and Hexabrix® (Guerbet) containing anionic ioxaglate did not allow to distinctly visualize the biofilms. These results indicate that µCT, together with CESAs such as isotonic Lugol and Hf-WD 1:2 POM, can be used as a tool to image extensive biofilms or microbial mats in 3D. Further research will determine whether these CESAs are suitable for visualizing biofilms within opaque porous media.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101254,"journal":{"name":"Tomography of Materials and Structures","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949673X24000019/pdfft?md5=cd3647016772b1dd88e1fd1ace94772c&pid=1-s2.0-S2949673X24000019-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139653894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"evoSegment: 4D image segmentation of microstructural evolution using joint histograms","authors":"Johan Hektor ,&nbsp;Jonas Engqvist ,&nbsp;Stephen A. Hall","doi":"10.1016/j.tmater.2023.100023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmater.2023.100023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A method for semantic segmentation of microstructure evolution from 4D imaging data is described and demonstrated. The method is based on a joint histogram describing the time history of the grayscale in each voxel of the images. After identifying and labeling clusters in the joint histogram, the labels are mapped back to the image. The results demonstrate accurate segmentation and characterization of sample evolution. The advantages of the proposed method include automatic segmentation of many time steps and the ability to track grayscale evolution over time and thereby discriminate similar evolution in different material phases. The method is demonstrated through application to 4D X-ray tomography datasets of temperature cycling in cement mortar and tensile testing of a cast iron sample. Water and air exchange in a pore inside the cement mortar is successfully segmented as a function of temperature. In the case of the deforming cast iron sample, several damage mechanisms are identified and segmented. The method is implemented in an open-source Python package called <em>evoSegment</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101254,"journal":{"name":"Tomography of Materials and Structures","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949673X23000219/pdfft?md5=6a504130962c2f4955beceeccd218164&pid=1-s2.0-S2949673X23000219-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139025169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of low-velocity impact response of a hybrid carbon-aramid braided composite by algorithmic quantification of volumetric structures","authors":"A. Dondish,&nbsp;G.W. Melenka","doi":"10.1016/j.tmater.2023.100022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmater.2023.100022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work investigates the impact response of a hybrid two-dimensional (2D) tubular braided composite through an ex-situ examination of its internal structure. An inter-ply hybrid laminate of biaxial braided carbon and aramid layers was manufactured. The sample underwent split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) impact testing, where the applied energy induced barely visible impact damage (BVID). Volumetric representations of the sample were created before and after impact testing using micro-computed tomography (µCT). Novel algorithms were developed to assess properties of the braided composite sample. First, voids in the sample before and after impact were identified through a series of image processing techniques, after which various void properties were extracted. Each void was then matched between datasets to track property change caused by impact. Next, damage in the sample after impact was identified through another series of image processing techniques, then quantified and characterized in the context of the full sample. Statistical analyses in the form of paired-sample t-tests were performed for void properties and overall surface topologies. Additionally, measurement of 3D strain within selected regions of the sample was performed using digital volume correlation (DVC). Results showed that the impact damage did not cause significant void enlargement, but instead caused surface topology shifts, particularly at the inner surface, owing to plastic deformations caused by impact damage, which were primarily caused by delamination and developed from large voids at the site of impact. The hybrid material configuration exhibited a phenomenon where the inner and outer layers minimized cracking in the middle layer, causing plastic deformation to be the primary impact response of the middle layer. Through the analysis processes developed in this work, quantitative assessment of tubular braided composites was achieved by measuring changes in voids caused by impact at the individual level, and by examining the damage profile while accounting for the voids. The methodology can be applied to various material configurations to provide meaningful insight into the effects of hybridization in the impact response of braided composites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101254,"journal":{"name":"Tomography of Materials and Structures","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949673X23000207/pdfft?md5=0b74476e0e3901055ce1056cab849c51&pid=1-s2.0-S2949673X23000207-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138557764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-energy computed tomography for improved contrast on a polyphase graphitic ore","authors":"Leonard T. Krebbers ,&nbsp;Natalia Grozmani ,&nbsp;Bernd G. Lottermoser ,&nbsp;Robert H. Schmitt","doi":"10.1016/j.tmater.2023.100021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmater.2023.100021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Proper ore characterisation is essential for understanding ore deposits and developing efficient mineral processing flow sheets. Conventional mineralogical and chemical techniques are usually used to study ores, but they can be destructive and, in some cases, provide only 2D information. Computed tomography (CT) is an emerging technology in the raw materials sector enabling the non-destructive 3D analysis of the ore mineralogy and microstructure. However, single-energy CT (SECT) has some limitations concerning the accurate imaging and differentiation of polyphase geomaterials comprising a broad range of attenuation properties. By contrast, dual-energy CT (DECT) uses two different X-ray energies to acquire data, which can be used to distinguish between materials with similar attenuation properties. This study explored the application of DECT for the analysis of a polyphase graphitic ore. A sequential fusion approach was utilized to combine data obtained from different X-ray energy scans at high spatial resolution, and varying weighting factors were applied to determine the optimal contribution of each energy level and spectrum. Both, SECT and DECT datasets were quantitatively evaluated based on the contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR) and Q factor. The findings demonstrate that DECT significantly improves image contrast compared to SECT while further increases image sharpness. As a result, DECT may enable more accurate segmentation and, therefore, more accurate quantitative 3D analysis of graphite ores.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101254,"journal":{"name":"Tomography of Materials and Structures","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100021"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949673X23000190/pdfft?md5=20f5e6a696e6f49372b11bfc70f07da0&pid=1-s2.0-S2949673X23000190-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138549372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conditional generative adversarial networks for stripe artefact removal in high-resolution X-ray tomography","authors":"Daniil Kazantsev ,&nbsp;Lucas Beveridge ,&nbsp;Vigneshwar Shanmugasundar ,&nbsp;Oxana Magdysyuk","doi":"10.1016/j.tmater.2023.100019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmater.2023.100019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tomographic imaging supports a great number of medical and material science applications. The collected projection data usually has different types of imaging artefacts and noise. Various image pre-processing and reconstruction methods are used to obtain volumetric datasets of high quality for further analysis. In order to minimise reconstruction artefacts, one can apply either filtering and/or data completion/inpainting techniques which can recover the data. Deep learning (DL) methods to remove artefacts and noise have been successfully applied in the past. In this paper, we present a novel approach based on conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs) to remove stripe artefacts. The novelty of the presented technique is in how the training data for DL is extracted from the same tomographic dataset that needs recovery. We also provide new deterministic stripe detection and inpainting algorithms to support the development. The presented methods are compared with other stripe removal algorithms and applied to 3D and 4D high-resolution X-ray data collected at Diamond Light Source synchrotron, UK. The proposed DL method delivers reconstructed images with minimised ring artefacts while being a parameter-free approach. A similar DL strategy can also be applied to remove other types of artefacts in images.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101254,"journal":{"name":"Tomography of Materials and Structures","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949673X23000177/pdfft?md5=326f58e724060e858d2642768513a170&pid=1-s2.0-S2949673X23000177-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138466459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Segmentation of structural defects in polymer composite computed tomography images with deep learning models","authors":"Ruslan Vorobev ,&nbsp;Ivan Vasilev ,&nbsp;Ivan Kremnev","doi":"10.1016/j.tmater.2023.100014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmater.2023.100014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate appliance of different deep learning models to the problem of semantic segmentation of structural defects in computed tomography images of fiber-reinforced polymer composite material. Specifically, we try to segment porosities and delaminations in a specimen using U-Net and DeepLabv3 neural networks. We find out that complex models struggle to generalize solutions on small data samples that are generally available to individual research teams, whereas smaller models are the right choice for approaching defect segmentation in CT images. Our experiments are based on our own laboratory data, collected with X-ray microtomography and labeled manually for the semantic segmentation task.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101254,"journal":{"name":"Tomography of Materials and Structures","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49730305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design considerations for dynamic fluid flow in porous media experiments using X-ray computed micro tomography – A review","authors":"Tannaz Pak ,&nbsp;Nathaly Lopes Archilha ,&nbsp;Steffen Berg ,&nbsp;Ian B. Butler","doi":"10.1016/j.tmater.2023.100017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmater.2023.100017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Within the past decade, X-ray micro computed tomography (µCT) has become an advanced non-destructive tool to analyse the internal structure of opaque materials. In addition to high spatial resolution, new generations of laboratory-based µCT machines and synchrotron imaging facilities can achieve high temporal resolution. This makes µCT the method of choice to study dynamics processes such as multi-phase fluid flow within porous media at the micro-meter scale. To perform such experiments a system compatible with X-ray imaging is needed. This essentially includes an X-ray transparent flow cell which should both be compatible with the requirements of the experimental study and the constraints of the µCT facilities. So far, most µCT flow cells are custom built and optimised for specific experiments/purposes. This paper reviews the previously published X-ray transparent cell designs, their advantages, and limitations. We present the state-of-the-art in design of X-ray transparent flow systems and discuss the technical challenges around performing µCT-based fluid flow experiments. We also present a review of the main applications which have benefited from µCT imaging studies and discuss the flow cell designs according to applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101254,"journal":{"name":"Tomography of Materials and Structures","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100017"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49757414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-data for absorption tomography measurements","authors":"Stuart R. Stock ,&nbsp;Francesco De Carlo","doi":"10.1016/j.tmater.2023.100015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmater.2023.100015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The simplicity of nonclinical x-ray tomography data collection has caused some to overlook the importance of saving additional experimental information or experiment meta-data. Sample meta-data are often saved in the experimenter’s logbook while meta-data about the instrument and experimental conditions are saved by the instrument itself or by the instrument operator. The lack of standardization of this approach has limited the development of automatic tools for data analysis and experiment logging but has also hindered the ability to reproduce the data collection and data analysis under the same conditions. In this paper we introduce tomo-meta, a publicly available repository of laboratory and synchrotron based tomography instrument meta-data files with the aim of presenting how meta-data are currently collected and identify best practices that enable data collection and data analysis repeatability. Structured and machine readable meta-data files, such as HDF, CSV, JSON, XML, etc., are essential for creating automatic processing pipeline. When the tomography meta-data files are structured as machine readable, we also provide a simple python script to automatically load them into a python dictionary.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101254,"journal":{"name":"Tomography of Materials and Structures","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49757407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The morphology and evolution in Al-Cu and Al-Fe magnetic pulse weld interfaces characterized through phase-contrast micro-tomography","authors":"Benjamin Zielinski ,&nbsp;Tarik Sadat ,&nbsp;Bratislav Lukić ,&nbsp;Alexander Rack ,&nbsp;Eric Markiewicz ,&nbsp;Laurent Dubar","doi":"10.1016/j.tmater.2023.100018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmater.2023.100018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Magnetic Pulse Welding (MPW) facilitates the permanent joining of dissimilar metallic materials through the sudden impact generated by a magnetic pulsed field. The process can introduce distinct morphological features at the interface of bi-material joints, which subsequently affect the joint’s quality and durability. This article delves into the investigation and quantification of various interfacial morphologies in Aluminum/Copper and Aluminum/Steel joints, using high-energy phase-contrast synchrotron micro-tomography. Surface topography is extracted from 3D tomographic datasets between dissimilar materials, enabling a comprehensive comparison between different material pairings and various locations within the weld. The study analyses and compares the roughness parameters of these surfaces. Moreover, it describes the interface’s waves and vortexes through diverse morphological metrics, encompassing their shape and size. The results provide evidences that vortexes evolve in three dimensions, with lateral growth and collapse. The waves and vortexes shapes promote material interlocking, increasing the contact area between the dissimilar materials by up to 20%. The interface morphology of Al/Cu joints exhibits higher roughness and a greater number of vortexes compared to Al/Fe joints. Lastly, the findings reveal the presence of interface damage in the form of pre-existing discontinuities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101254,"journal":{"name":"Tomography of Materials and Structures","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949673X23000165/pdfft?md5=98f12fefb3770ed39f94756c43e50052&pid=1-s2.0-S2949673X23000165-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92017988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using xenon K-edge subtraction to image the gas-accessible porosity distribution within metallurgical cokes and their partially reacted products","authors":"Sheridan Mayo ,&nbsp;Richard Sakurovs ,&nbsp;David Jenkins ,&nbsp;Merrick Mahoney","doi":"10.1016/j.tmater.2023.100013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmater.2023.100013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The performance and reactivity of coke in a blast furnace is critically dependent on the accessibility of the coke structure to carbon dioxide (CO₂) gas. We used xenon gas K-edge subtraction in synchrotron micro-CT imaging to probe the extent to which gas could penetrate the microstructure of six different metallurgical cokes made from Australian coals. We compared the distribution of the xenon sorbed by the coke samples before and after reaction with CO₂ at 1100 °C to 20–30% mass loss. Xenon is as strongly sorbed onto surfaces as carbon dioxide and can thus be used as an x-ray-visible analogue of CO₂. Aside from traces of pyrolysis ash, coke comprises two major components; the reactive maceral derived component (RMDC), which passes through a molten state during coke manufacture to form a foam-like structure, and the inertinite maceral derived component (IMDC), which are particles ranging from a few microns to a few millimetres in size, embedded in the RMDC. These components were found to behave very differently in this study. Prior to reaction, the RMDC component sorbed only a small amount of xenon and most of the IMDC sorbed little to no xenon. However, a small fraction of the IMDC took up significant quantities of xenon in high concentration. This suggests that a significant fraction of the surface area of unreacted coke comes from rare, high-surface-area IMDC components.</p><p>Imaging of the coke after reaction showed the RMDC still sorbed only small amounts of xenon, indicating that the surface area in these components was largely unchanged. However, the previously xenon-inaccessible IMDC regions sorbed large quantities of xenon after reaction, reaching peak xenon densities many times that seen in the free xenon gas. Thus, surface area is produced by reaction with CO₂ or (more probably) much of the pre-existing surface area is made accessible by reaction. This shows that IMDC provide most of the reacting surface during early stages of reaction of coke with CO₂. This was confirmed by the corresponding loss of mass seen in these IMDC particles relative to the RMDC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101254,"journal":{"name":"Tomography of Materials and Structures","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49730798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}