Tomography of Materials and Structures最新文献

{"title":"pt4: Phantom-4D, an open-source software tool for creating time-evolving 3D phantoms","authors":"Stephen Catsamas,&nbsp;Glenn Myers,&nbsp;Andrew Kingston","doi":"10.1016/j.tmater.2024.100035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmater.2024.100035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>pt</span>4, an open-source software tool to describe time-evolving phantoms is presented. <span>pt</span>4 allows users to create detailed time-evolving phantoms for testing novel 4D-CT reconstruction algorithms. Ground-truth volumes and simulated X-ray projections can be produced at arbitrary time-points during time-evolution and with customisable pixel dimensions, noise models, and X-ray source trajectories. Phantoms are built up from 3D primitives whose parameters and attenuation can be made arbitrary functions of time. This feature permits both complex continuous and discontinuous time-evolution necessary for thorough testing of 4D-CT reconstruction algorithms. Various phantoms built using <span>pt</span>4 are also presented to demonstrate the versatility of <span>pt</span>4 phantom description. <span>pt</span>4 is written in C++ and is highly parallelised leading to a performant implementation which is feasible to use for up to thousand-of-voxel volume pixel dimensions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101254,"journal":{"name":"Tomography of Materials and Structures","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100035"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949673X24000123/pdfft?md5=44925b625819e749d704eaca8266c7f9&pid=1-s2.0-S2949673X24000123-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141315141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperparameter tuning for deep learning semantic image segmentation of micro computed tomography scanned fiber-reinforced composites","authors":"Benjamin Provencher ,&nbsp;Aly Badran ,&nbsp;Jonathan Kroll ,&nbsp;Mike Marsh","doi":"10.1016/j.tmater.2024.100032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmater.2024.100032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Image segmentation with deep learning models has significantly improved the accuracy of the pixel-wise labeling of scientific imaging which is critical for many quantitative image analyses. This has been feasible through U-Net and related architecture convolutional neural network models. Although the adoption of these models has been widespread, their training data pool and hyperparameters have been mostly determined by educated guesses through trial and error. In this study, we present observations of how training data volume, data augmentation, and patch size affect deep learning performance within a limited data set. Here we study U-Net model training on four different samples of x-ray CT images of fiber-reinforced composites. Because the training process is not deterministic, we relied on seven-fold replication of each experimental condition to avoid under-sampling and observe model training variance. Unsurprisingly, we find greater training data volume strongly benefits individual models’ final accuracy and learning speed while depressing variance among replicates. Importantly, data augmentation has a profound benefit to model performance, especially in cases with a low abundance of ground truth, and we conclude that high coefficients of data augmentation should be used in scientific imaging semantic segmentation models. Future work to describe and measure image complexity is warranted and likely to ultimately guide researchers on the minimum required training data volume for particular scientific imaging deep learning tasks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101254,"journal":{"name":"Tomography of Materials and Structures","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949673X24000093/pdfft?md5=da6854daba2f9f8766fa239754b8e37a&pid=1-s2.0-S2949673X24000093-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140878454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D characterization of splits in tested fracture mechanics specimens using X-ray computed tomography","authors":"Sergio Luis Gonzalez Assias ,&nbsp;Cesar Giron Camerini ,&nbsp;Hector Guillermo Kotik ,&nbsp;Juan Elías Perez Ipiña","doi":"10.1016/j.tmater.2024.100033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmater.2024.100033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Splits are delaminations that may appear perpendicular to the crack plane during fracture toughness tests of certain materials, such as hot-rolled metal alloys. X-ray computed tomography (CT) was used to conduct a 3D analysis of the geometrical and morphological characteristics of the splits in SE(B) specimens machined from a DH36 steel. Tomograms and 3D reconstructions of the CT results were compared with high-resolution images obtained through optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Quantitative and qualitative comparisons revealed a good agreement between the results, validating the split characterization by CT. It was discussed whether characterizing the splits just by the routinary fracture surface observation conducted in fracture mechanics specimens can hide important phenomena such as plane changes, branching, and interactions between delaminations. On the other hand, CT enables an accurate and comprehensive characterization of the morphological and geometrical attributes of splits. Contrasts between the analysis and characteristics of deformed and undeformed splits were made. Finally, the limitations and challenges of the 3D split characterization by CT were also discussed, exploring experimental and image processing issues. These findings emphasize that a more thorough understanding of the internal structure of splits can be achieved by applying CT analysis, contrasting with traditional fracture surface examination. This study highlights the relevance of CT in revealing hidden complexities within the internal structure of specimens with splits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101254,"journal":{"name":"Tomography of Materials and Structures","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100033"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949673X2400010X/pdfft?md5=2b48a88d13f48cfccdeb5ff8de6b1c7d&pid=1-s2.0-S2949673X2400010X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140649161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual Beam microfocus high-energy tomography: Towards multimodal and faster laboratory experiments","authors":"Eric Maire ,&nbsp;Gabriel Bonnard ,&nbsp;Jérôme Adrien ,&nbsp;Xavier Boulnat ,&nbsp;Jean Michel Létang ,&nbsp;Joël Lachambre","doi":"10.1016/j.tmater.2024.100030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmater.2024.100030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper discusses the development of a Dual Beam microfocus high-energy X-ray tomography system for laboratory experiments, aiming to enhance temporal resolution and multimodal capabilities. Initially, X-ray computed tomography (XRCT) in materials science, particularly using synchrotron sources, provided valuable insights into microstructures. Digital volume correlation (DVC) emerged as a tool for measuring displacement fields during <em>in situ</em> XRCT tests. High-speed XRCT became possible with synchrotrons, but laboratory devices still face limitations due to moderate X-ray flux. This paper describes the design and implementation of a new dual high-energy X-ray tomograph with two twin beamlines. The paper also covers the first <em>in situ</em> dual-beam experiment involving the <em>in situ</em> compression test of an aluminium foam sample. It discusses calculating DVC displacement fields from radiographs, comparing them to control tomographic scans, and assessing their quality. The paper explores the potential for deforming initial scans using DVC fields, both from radiographs and tomographic scans. The approach shows reasonable quantitative agreement with control scans but does not capture rotational motion along the vertical axis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101254,"journal":{"name":"Tomography of Materials and Structures","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949673X2400007X/pdfft?md5=5f4647c3bf64cf91cbf31cf9d788ca90&pid=1-s2.0-S2949673X2400007X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140548234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of stitching techniques to reconstruct large volume x-ray tomography of batteries","authors":"Matilda Fransson ,&nbsp;Benoit Cordonnier ,&nbsp;Ramon Zimmermanns ,&nbsp;Paul R. Shearing ,&nbsp;Alexander Rack ,&nbsp;Ludovic Broche","doi":"10.1016/j.tmater.2024.100029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmater.2024.100029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Synchrotron-based X-ray microtomography (μCT) is a valuable technique to study the internal structure of heterogeneous samples with high spatial and temporal resolution. However, synchrotron X-ray imaging, such as many microscopy methods, is solidly limited by its Field of View (FOV): a challenge when approaching large and/or highly detailed volumes at high spatial imaging resolution. In this study, we consider two techniques used to increase the FOV in µCT for studying Li-ion batteries, Local Tomography Stitching (LTS) and Sinogram Oriented Stitching (SOS), and compare in terms of scan time, processing efficiency and computing storage. We complement our study by estimating the impact of different battery geometries on the stitching performance for similar scanning parameters. Evaluation of the two presented techniques reveals that both provide equally satisfyingly stitched volumes. Nevertheless, it is demonstrated that SOS is predominantly more efficient for the considered battery geometries, requires fewer scans in total, and hence has a lower time and storage demand in comparison to LTS. However, technical constraints make the SOS technique more difficult to implement. Further discussed are differences in acquisition and reconstruction for the two techniques, addressing the processing efficiency for both SOS and LTS techniques and we shall provide indicators for selecting the most suitable stitching technique.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101254,"journal":{"name":"Tomography of Materials and Structures","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100029"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949673X24000068/pdfft?md5=39d788f96b4d61ee5fc0662c19bf4b41&pid=1-s2.0-S2949673X24000068-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140543266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of networks to overcome large-scale challenges in tomography: The non-clinical tomography users research network","authors":"Paul M. Gignac ,&nbsp;Valeria Aceves ,&nbsp;Stephanie Baker ,&nbsp;Jessica J. Barnes ,&nbsp;Joshua Bell ,&nbsp;Doug Boyer ,&nbsp;Deborah Cunningham ,&nbsp;Francesco De Carlo ,&nbsp;Morgan H. Chase ,&nbsp;Karly E. Cohen ,&nbsp;Matthew Colbert ,&nbsp;Theresa De Cree ,&nbsp;Juan Daza ,&nbsp;Edwin Dickinson ,&nbsp;Valerie DeLeon ,&nbsp;Lindsay Dougan ,&nbsp;Franklin Duffy ,&nbsp;ChristiAna Dunham ,&nbsp;Catherine M. Early ,&nbsp;Dave R. Edey ,&nbsp;Christopher M. Zobek","doi":"10.1016/j.tmater.2024.100031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmater.2024.100031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Our ability to visualize and quantify the internal structures of objects via computed tomography (CT) has fundamentally transformed science. As tomographic tools have become more broadly accessible, researchers across diverse disciplines have embraced the ability to investigate the 3D structure-function relationships of an enormous array of items. Whether studying organismal biology, animal models for human health, iterative manufacturing techniques, experimental medical devices, engineering structures, geological and planetary samples, prehistoric artifacts, or fossilized organisms, computed tomography has led to extensive methodological and basic sciences advances and is now a core element in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) research and outreach toolkits. Tomorrow's scientific progress is built upon today's innovations. In our data-rich world, this requires access not only to publications but also to supporting data. Reliance on proprietary technologies, combined with the varied objectives of diverse research groups, has resulted in a fragmented tomography-imaging landscape, one that is functional at the individual lab level yet lacks the standardization needed to support efficient and equitable exchange and reuse of data. Developing standards and pipelines for the creation of new and future data, which can also be applied to existing datasets is a challenge that becomes increasingly difficult as the amount and diversity of legacy data grows. Global networks of CT users have proved an effective approach to addressing this kind of multifaceted challenge across a range of fields. Here we describe ongoing efforts to address barriers to recently proposed FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, Reuse) and open science principles by assembling interested parties from research and education communities, industry, publishers, and data repositories to approach these issues jointly in a focused, efficient, and practical way. By outlining the benefits of networks, generally, and drawing on examples from efforts by the Non-Clinical Tomography Users Research Network (NoCTURN), specifically, we illustrate how standardization of data and metadata for reuse can foster interdisciplinary collaborations and create new opportunities for future-looking, large-scale data initiatives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101254,"journal":{"name":"Tomography of Materials and Structures","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100031"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949673X24000081/pdfft?md5=c2f896ba5b3416d400569fbf4fea0392&pid=1-s2.0-S2949673X24000081-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140548235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semantic segmentation of progressive micro-cracking in polymer composites using Attention U-Net architecture","authors":"Valeri Ivanov Petkov,&nbsp;Vivek Richards Pakkam Gabriel,&nbsp;Patrik Fernberg","doi":"10.1016/j.tmater.2024.100028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmater.2024.100028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study delivers a methodology for investigating the gradual damage development in a carbon fibre-reinforced cross-ply polymer composite during a sequence of thermo-mechanical loadings with the help of X-ray computed tomography. The procedure allows an in-depth analysis of the occurrence and nature of the multiple cracks that form within layers oriented perpendicular, or transverse, to the loading direction. This is achieved by using Attention U-Net architecture for semantic segmentation of the transverse cracks. The model shows promising results, through an ability to identify all the transverse cracks and reflect the damage progression. The described method provides a robust routine for analysing challenging polymer composite tomographic datasets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101254,"journal":{"name":"Tomography of Materials and Structures","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949673X24000056/pdfft?md5=2c71c8324a85db4ca569b8ebb632e36f&pid=1-s2.0-S2949673X24000056-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140345111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Connectivity in binary mixtures of spherical particles","authors":"Aurélien Sibellas ,&nbsp;James Drummond ,&nbsp;D. Mark Martinez ,&nbsp;André B. Phillion","doi":"10.1016/j.tmater.2024.100026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmater.2024.100026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mono- and poly-disperse assemblies of spherical particles are investigated in terms of their average and partial coordination numbers by means of X-ray microtomography using a novel morphology-based image processing method to statistically distinguish true contacting particles from very close ones having apparent contacts arising from image artefacts. This technique is shown to reduce overestimations given by the laborious liquid-bridge method while corroborating theoretical predictions such as <span><math><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover><mo>≤</mo><mn>6</mn></mrow></math></span> for random beds of mono-sized spheres and trends of the partial coordination numbers in binary mixtures of spheres. This method also provides a detailed and unbiased visualization of the long-range connectivity between similar particles which suggests that for partial coordination numbers <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></math></span>, chains of particular contact-category are formed throughout the assembly.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101254,"journal":{"name":"Tomography of Materials and Structures","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100026"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949673X24000032/pdfft?md5=311c4b96901a0c549bfb3172cc85281f&pid=1-s2.0-S2949673X24000032-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140113494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protocols for preparation of biomineralized samples for computed tomography","authors":"Nina Kølln Wittig ,&nbsp;Carsten Pedersen ,&nbsp;Jonas Palle ,&nbsp;Maja Østergaard ,&nbsp;Thorbjørn Erik Køppen Christensen ,&nbsp;Maik Kahnt ,&nbsp;Anastasiia Sadetskaia ,&nbsp;Jesper Skovhus Thomsen ,&nbsp;Annemarie Brüel ,&nbsp;Henrik Birkedal","doi":"10.1016/j.tmater.2024.100027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmater.2024.100027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Computed tomography spans a versatile set of techniques that range several length scales and modalities. It is common to them all that the sample must be prepared in a way which allows for addressing the scientific question(s) posed as well as being suitable for the specific setup of the experiment. We present two lathe-based sample preparation workflows developed to prepare biomineralized samples (here bone) for two very different experiments in terms of setup, types of questions asked, and sample requirements. The first experiment, involving the measurement of high throughput (synchrotron) micro-computed tomography, required the preparation of many samples with homogeneity in size, shape, and bone site. This was achieved through a particular sequence of cutting and embedding steps finalized by lathe milling. The resulting samples were cylindrical in shape with diameters close to the field of view of the ensuing tomography experiment, which allowed maximizing the investigated sample volumes. The second experiment was a combined ptychography and X-ray fluorescence nano-computed tomography experiment, which required preparation of a few-micrometer-sized sample. Moreover, the scientific interest was in a specific, localized feature in bone. Thus, the sample had to be extracted from a precise location from within the whole bone. Again, the developed workflow comprised many steps, including both lathe milling and focused ion beam milling. Importantly, localized preparation was enabled by measuring in-house X-ray micro-computed tomography at crucial points in the workflow. The presented workflows provide examples of preparation pathways that can be standardized and strongly increase the throughput, quality, and success rate of tomography experiments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101254,"journal":{"name":"Tomography of Materials and Structures","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949673X24000044/pdfft?md5=90efaeb31f66bd0610e9489c7c5e6c53&pid=1-s2.0-S2949673X24000044-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140113492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grain structure evolution during heat treatment of a semisolid Al-Cu alloy studied with lab-based diffraction contrast tomography","authors":"Jun Sun ,&nbsp;Jules M. Dake ,&nbsp;Jette Oddershede","doi":"10.1016/j.tmater.2024.100025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmater.2024.100025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>3D experimental data of simultaneously high temporal and spatial resolution are key to validating computational models of materials phenomena. In this study, we exploit lab-based X-ray imaging, combining absorption and diffraction contrast tomography, to capture the evolution of grain structure over a series of interrupted heat treatments of a semisolid Al-Cu alloy. The time resolved response measured on the present Al-Cu model system provides insights into the rearrangement, densification and coarsening of powder compacts at late-stage sintering. The initial Al-Cu microstructure containing 1934 grains dropped to 934 grains after ten annealing steps, while the mean grain size increased from 194 µm to 247 µm. The grain maps of all eleven temporal states are made publicly available to the scientific community for further analysis via the Materials Data Facility. Preliminary statistical investigations of the growth of individual grains show a clear tendency for disappearing grains to be among the smaller grains at the beginning of the experiment. In addition, the rotations of individual grains are generally small fluctuations, but when an abruptly large rotation is observed, it is more likely to occur for a smaller grain at the last annealing step(s) before the grain vanishes. The nature of the data also enables interrogating a few grains that display rotation bursts within the context of their entire local environment to reveal the impact of crystallography and grain contacts upon the microstructural evolution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101254,"journal":{"name":"Tomography of Materials and Structures","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949673X24000020/pdfft?md5=00f761ed5a3a3778e900780c694484bb&pid=1-s2.0-S2949673X24000020-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139749234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}