Superconductivity最新文献

{"title":"Baihua: A 100-qubit scale, high-performance, and open-access quantum cloud platform","authors":"Pei Liu ,&nbsp;Wen-Gang Zhang ,&nbsp;Jia-Jia Tian ,&nbsp;Yi-Bin Guo ,&nbsp;Hai-Feng Yu ,&nbsp;Yi-Rong Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2025.100206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2025.100206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantum cloud platforms are of great importance for promoting near-term applications of quantum computing. Here we introduce the fully open-access <em>Baihua</em> platform, featuring 111 high-performance qubits with an average two-qubit control-<span><math><mi>Z</mi></math></span> gate fidelity exceeding 98% and a peak fidelity of 99.82%. The platform is implemented on a 156-qubit superconducting processor with heavy-hexagonal-like topology. Since its launch, <em>Baihua</em> has executed over two million quantum tasks, significantly promoting the research and development of hardware-efficient algorithms for practical quantum computing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100206"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and experimental verification of the quench detection system for the CFETR central solenoid model coil","authors":"Qing Yan ,&nbsp;Yezheng Xiao ,&nbsp;Longgui Zheng ,&nbsp;Chao Pan ,&nbsp;Qicai Ni ,&nbsp;Teng Wang ,&nbsp;Shuqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Xianzhou Zhao ,&nbsp;Liang Guo ,&nbsp;Wenquan Zhang ,&nbsp;Liangbing Hu ,&nbsp;Yanlan Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2025.100212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2025.100212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To ensure the safe and stable operation of superconducting magnets in fusion devices under high current and complex operating conditions, a highly reliable quench detection system was developed for the Central Solenoid Model Coil (CSMC) of the Chinese Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor (CFETR). The system adopts voltage-based detection as the primary criterion and implements a primary induced voltage compensation architecture based on Co-Wound Wire (CWW) and Co-Wound Tape (CWT) techniques. In addition, a secondary compensation algorithm is introduced to effectively suppress the risk of misjudgment caused by electromagnetic coupling. In the system design, a multi-redundant compensation scheme was proposed with full consideration of the magnet structure and cabling constraints. During the engineering commissioning phase, both room-temperature continuity tests and low-current compensation coefficient calibration were conducted. Induced voltage suppression tests under different current variation rates demonstrated that CWT provides superior compensation performance compared to CWW, with induced voltage suppression rates exceeding 99.8 % for CWW and 99.95 % for CWT. Furthermore, reliability tests under three simulated fault scenarios confirmed that the diagnostic system could accurately identify system states without false triggers, showing strong anti-interference capability and engineering stability. Ultimately, the system was successfully deployed in a high-current energization test of the CSMC, operating at up to 48 kA. It maintained stable performance throughout the test without any false alarms or missed detections, verifying its feasibility and reliability under real engineering conditions. The quench detection compensation methods and system architecture proposed in this study provide a solid technical foundation and practical support for the future development and deployment of the CFETR Central Solenoid superconducting magnet quench detection system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100212"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study of dynamic resistance and total loss in insulated and non-insulated HTS REBCO double-pancake coils at 77 K","authors":"Ben George Koshy ,&nbsp;Mark Ainslie ,&nbsp;Yueming Sun ,&nbsp;Benjamin P.P. Mallett ,&nbsp;Zhenan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2025.100216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2025.100216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>No-insulation (NI) coils emerged as a viable alternative to traditional insulated (INS) high temperature superconducting (HTS) coils primarily due to their inherent ability to self-protect during quench and enhanced mechanical stability. When coils carrying direct current (DC) are exposed to an external alternating current (AC) magnetic field, total loss in the coil is the sum of magnetisation loss due to the AC field and dynamic loss arising from the interaction between the DC current and the AC field. In this work, we numerically study the total loss and its components in NI and INS double-pancake coils (DPCs) of identical dimensions, wound with 4 mm wide SuperPower Rare-earth barium copper oxide (ReBCO) coated conductor (CC) tapes at 77 K. The analysis is carried out for external AC magnetic fields up to 200 mT at 72.73 Hz, with the coil carrying DC current up to 90 % of the coil self-field critical current. The results show that under a perpendicular magnetic field, the total loss and its components in the INS-DPC are higher than in the NI-DPC, which is attributed to the presence of insulation which hinders the current bypass. The NI-DPC and INS-DPC coils show similar electromagnetic behaviour under the perpendicular field, and the evolution of dynamic resistance, which gives rise to dynamic loss, is also similar. Under parallel field the loss in the NI-DPC is higher than that for the perpendicular field, and the coil level shielding similar to bulk superconductor is also observed. Surprisingly, under parallel fields, a dynamic resistance higher than that under perpendicular fields is evident in the NI-DPC, arising from a finite average electric field over a cycle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100216"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large-scale MgB 2–YBCO hybrid coil: Fabrication and performance validation for application in superconducting magnetic energy storage for grid stabilization","authors":"Qingyang Wang ,&nbsp;Jianqing Feng ,&nbsp;Meng Song ,&nbsp;Li Li ,&nbsp;Tao Ma ,&nbsp;Mingjiang Wang ,&nbsp;Jiamin Zhu ,&nbsp;Kangkang Gong ,&nbsp;Jixing Liu ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Chen ,&nbsp;Shengnan Zhang ,&nbsp;Chengshan Li ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Li ,&nbsp;Pingxiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2025.100207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2025.100207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In February 2025, 16 MgB₂–YBCO hybrid coils had been completely produced and were ready to be assembled into a high-temperature superconducting magnetic energy storage (HTS-SMES) device. This is the first time in the world that an HTS-SMES device with an energy capacity of 10 MJ has been developed, and the entire process was independently completed by a Chinese group. This marks a further maturation of the technology for large-scale fabrication of high-quality, homogeneous high-temperature superconducting hybrid coils, as well as the manufacturing of high-performance SMES devices. In addition, the ability to regulate grid fluctuations will be further enhanced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100207"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended hydrogen frameworks in nonmetallic superhydrides enabling 190 K superconductivity","authors":"Qiuyue Li ,&nbsp;Shuai Han ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Zhang ,&nbsp;Shicong Ding ,&nbsp;Aitor Bergara ,&nbsp;Guochun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2025.100196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2025.100196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extended hydrogen-rich frameworks stabilized under high pressure are essential for achieving high-temperature superconductivity in metal hydrides, where metal atoms contribute both charge and intrinsic precompression. In contrast, <em>p</em>-block nonmetal hydrides lack such extended hydrogenic connectivity. Here, using first-principles crystal structure search calculations, we identify three nitrogen-based superhydrides—NH₁₀, NH₁₁, and NH₁₂—each featuring a unique extended H sublattice: corrugated graphene-like hydrogen layers in NH₁₀, planar H<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>16</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>-ring sheets in NH₁₁, and a fully three-dimensional, densely connected H framework in NH₁₂. These structures are stabilized by <span><math><msup><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>NH</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> units, which donate charge in a manner analogous to metal atoms in conventional metal superhydrides. Remarkably, NH₁₀ exhibits a superconducting critical temperature (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) of 190<!--> <!-->K at 200<!--> <!-->GPa, driven by strong electron–phonon coupling between H-1<em>s</em> states and low-frequency hydrogen-derived phonon modes—a mechanism notably distinct from that of hydrogen cages in LaH₁₀ and CaH₆. The predicted <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> values of NH₁₁ and NH₁₂ also exceeds 130 K. Our work introduces a new paradigm for designing nonmetal superhydrides with structurally engineered hydrogenic frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100196"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High critical current double-sided, thick-film REBa2Cu3O7−δ tapes by Advanced MOCVD","authors":"B. Sarangi ,&nbsp;J. Sai Sandra ,&nbsp;C. Reddy Aramadaka ,&nbsp;G. Majkic ,&nbsp;J. Jaroszynski ,&nbsp;V. Selvamanickam","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2025.100184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2025.100184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing the cost-effectiveness and performance of Rare Earth Barium Copper Oxide (REBCO) coated conductors remains a key objective for advancing applications in power transmission, fusion energy, particle accelerators, and rotating machines. One direct method to achieve this is by increasing the conductor’s critical current under operational conditions. This study introduces a major breakthrough in fabricating Zr-doped (Gd,Y) BaCuO double-sided tapes utilizing an Advanced Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (A-MOCVD) technique. A single-pass deposition resulted in uniform films of <span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn>4</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> on both sides of the tape, with critical current values at 20K and 20T consistently above 950 A/4 mm, peaking at 1100 A/4 mm. Additionally, a self-field transport critical current of 930 A/4 mm was attained in self-field conditions at 77 K, 0 T, translating to a critical current density of 2.9 MA/cm ². These results represent some of the highest reported performance metrics for REBCO tapes of this thickness, underscoring the potential of double-sided A-MOCVD processing for next-generation superconducting applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100184"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anisotropy modulation and band structure reconstruction induced by high pressure in Kagome metal GdV6Sn6","authors":"Rui Zhang ,&nbsp;Kaiyun Chen ,&nbsp;Shengnan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Li ,&nbsp;Songrui Wei ,&nbsp;Xiaofan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2025.100174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2025.100174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The geometric frustrations and unique electronic structures in Kagome lattices normally give rise to various quantum matter ground states. V-based Kagome compounds, such as <em>A</em>V₃Sb₅, exhibit a complex phase diagram under hydrostatic pressure modulation. Herein, we report an electronic structure evolution in another novel V-Kagome system <em>R</em>V₆Sn₆, with pressures changing from 0 to 107 GPa, through density functional calculations. Our results reveal that the electronic density of GdV₆Sn₆ exhibits pronounced anisotropy under high pressures. Specifically, electronic structure instabilities stem from van Hove singularities are observed in the V-Kagome plane, while that remains robust up to approximately 40 GPa in the <em>M</em> momentum space. In the high-pressure regime (<span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>107 GPa), the newly formed saddle point approaches and crosses the Fermi level, enhancing the density of states (DOS) at the Fermi level. This potentially results in pressure-induced superconductivity, accompanied by the formation of charge channels. Our findings provide essential insights into the electronic structure of GdV₆Sn₆ under high pressures, offering a valuable model for investigating V-Kagome physics in <em>R</em>V₆Sn₆ compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100174"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superconducting magnets for high power microwave systems: Performance enhancement and future prospects","authors":"Zhiqiang Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2025.100194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2025.100194","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100194"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pressure-driven charge transfer and tunable superconductivity in intermetallic Li–Mg electrides","authors":"Shuai Han ,&nbsp;Aitor Bergara ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Zhang ,&nbsp;Shicong Ding ,&nbsp;Fei Li ,&nbsp;Guochun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2025.100187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2025.100187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrides, materials in which a portion of valence electrons reside as interstitial anionic electrons (IAEs) within lattice cavities—exhibit a wide range of extraordinary physical and chemical properties, making them a central focus of condensed matter physics. Under high pressure, intermetallic systems provide a unique pathway to novel electrides by enabling unconventional charge-transfer mechanisms. Here, we employ first-principles structure searches to identify two stable Li-Mg electrides, Li₃Mg and Li₄Mg. At low pressure, Mg atoms act as anionic centers through occupation of their outer-shell 3<em>p</em> orbitals. Upon compression, charge is transferred from Mg to the lattice cavities, enhancing the localization and density of IAEs. This, in turn, strengths electron–phonon coupling and raises the superconducting transition temperature (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) to 13.3 K at 75 GPa for Li₃Mg and 19.7 K at 80 GPa for Li₄Mg—values that surpass most known electride superconductors below 100 GPa. Selective hydrogen insertion into the lattice cavities in Li₄Mg quenches the IAEs and confirms their essential role in superconductivity. Further compression drives a transition to poor or non-superconducting phases, with Mg atoms switching from electron acceptors to donors, contrary to the typical behavior of electropositive metals, which tend to transition from donors into acceptors under pressure. These findings highlight the pivotal role of IAEs in electride superconductivity and pave the way for designing novel intermetallic electrides with tunable properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100187"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced-performance superconducting nanowire avalanche photodetector with staggered bends","authors":"Xu Zhao ,&nbsp;Ling-Dong Kong ,&nbsp;Jia-Ming Xiong ,&nbsp;Xiao-Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Hao Li ,&nbsp;Zhen Wang ,&nbsp;Li-Xing You","doi":"10.1016/j.supcon.2025.100186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supcon.2025.100186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emerging quantum technologies and weak-light applications demand photon detectors with a simultaneously high counting rate and near-unity efficiency. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors can achieve &gt;90% system detection efficiency, but maintaining this efficiency at high counting rates remains challenging. Although parallel-configured superconducting nanowire avalanche photodetectors (SNAPs) reduce the recovery time, their designs intensify the current crowding effects at bends, leading to persistent challenges in achieving high system detection efficiency. We developed an optimized bend structure for meandered parallel nanowires called staggered bends, which increased the switching current by 11.3% in the 2-SNAPs. At 1064 nm, the optimized 2-SNAP and 3-SNAP with staggered bends achieved system detection efficiencies of 96.6% and 98.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, these devices maintain 90% system detection efficiency while achieving counting rates of 3.1 MHz and 10.3 MHz. This study establishes a practical framework for SNAPs with demonstrated performance metrics that could enable advancements in the frontiers of quantum information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101185,"journal":{"name":"Superconductivity","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100186"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}