Solar Energy Advances最新文献

{"title":"Systematic review of nowcasting approaches for solar energy production based upon ground-based cloud imaging","authors":"Bruno Juncklaus Martins ,&nbsp;Allan Cerentini ,&nbsp;Sylvio Luiz Mantelli ,&nbsp;Thiago Zimmermann Loureiro Chaves ,&nbsp;Nicolas Moreira Branco ,&nbsp;Aldo von Wangenheim ,&nbsp;Ricardo Rüther ,&nbsp;Juliana Marian Arrais","doi":"10.1016/j.seja.2022.100019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seja.2022.100019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nowcasting of solar energy considering clouds is important for photovoltaic solar plants and distributed systems. Clouds present a challenge for modeling, due to constant changes in shape and size, and are dependent on local atmospheric conditions. Several methods are being used for the automatic assessment of clouds from the surface to predict solar power generation, assisted by camera, side sensors, etc. During our research we did not find a Systematic Literature Review on this topic. This review is intended to search the related scientific articles to find the state of the art in the area from the period of 2011–2020. We found 65 articles to review after the meta-analysis. We look for the main short-term forecasting methods used. The majority of articles rely on classical statistics approaches based on historical data. Yet recent articles show that this trend might be shifting towards Machine Learning approaches. Our analysis shows that most articles found are based on images captured by fish-eye lenses using a single camera. The most common forecasting techniques are Artificial Neural Networks and Convolutional Neural Networks, with the root mean squared error being the most predominant error metric used for model validation among both classical and Machine Learning approaches.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101174,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Advances","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667113122000079/pdfft?md5=641a8f9b1efac44c3e089becbcf66719&pid=1-s2.0-S2667113122000079-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86704816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar fractions of SHIP plants considering the availability of roof area based on OpenStreetMap data","authors":"Felix Pag,&nbsp;Mateo Jesper,&nbsp;Oleg Kusyy,&nbsp;Klaus Vajen,&nbsp;Ulrike Jordan","doi":"10.1016/j.seja.2022.100017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seja.2022.100017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Solar heat for industrial processes (SHIP) can be a key technology to decarbonize the industrial heat demand world-wide. Several national studies use either a bottom-up or a top-down-approach to assess the potential of solar process heat using estimated fixed solar fractions. Due to limited area available for the installation of solar collectors and the seasonality of the load profile, this solar fraction cannot be achieved in all cases. To address this limitation, another estimated factor is used in those studies. However, the impact of the lack of free area on solar fractions and overall solar potential has not been studied in detail so far. Thus, a dataset with load profiles and roof areas from OpenStreetMap GIS data from 489 German companies from secondary and tertiary sector is set up in this study. Based on the standardized pre-design methodology of the VDI 3988 guideline, the evaluations show that one third of the regarded companies lack sufficient roof area whereas two thirds can provide their summer heat demand with solar collectors. Furthermore, the study shows that an ambient temperature dependent heat demand limits the solar potential in terms of solar fraction even more than the available roof area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101174,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Advances","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100017"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667113122000055/pdfft?md5=338b49403c456464c8f65c3b87349288&pid=1-s2.0-S2667113122000055-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91759748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating clear-sky PV electricity production without exogenous data","authors":"Stefani Peratikou,&nbsp;Alexandros G. Charalambides","doi":"10.1016/j.seja.2022.100015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seja.2022.100015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The global shift towards the utilization of renewable energy sources has driven the development of photovoltaics (PVs) and the need for their mass integration in energy markets. Although the penetration of PVs is dramatically increasing during the last decades, the ‘problem’ of PV power output fluctuations due to uncertain environmental parameters still remains an issue. A key challenge is to provide accurate predictions of PV power output since this will assist grid operators for efficient capacity management and scheduling. In this paper, a data-driven method was developed, using time-series of PV power output from a PV station in Limassol, Cyprus to estimate the clear-sky PV electricity production without any exogenous data. The time-series was divided into monthly intervals and analysed by using the mean value, the maximum value and the standard deviation. The predicted clear-sky PV signals calculated were compared to the best visibly smooth signal in terms of Root Mean Square Error, Mean Absolute Deviation, and Mean Absolute Percent Error. Results indicate that the proposed method can provide a good approximation of the true clear-sky signal and thus it can be argued that PV data alone can be used for clear-sky PV output calculation without any information from the manufacturer or location specific data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101174,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Advances","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667113122000031/pdfft?md5=bb595979751c7bc0e18262537847bc2e&pid=1-s2.0-S2667113122000031-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90028171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About common but avoidable faults during planning, installation, and operation of solar heating plants in industrial applications","authors":"Y. Louvet,&nbsp;F. Pag,&nbsp;D. Ritter,&nbsp;C. Schmelzer,&nbsp;K. Vajen","doi":"10.1016/j.seja.2022.100029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seja.2022.100029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the BEsoPro research project, multi-year measured solar yields of 13 solar heat for industrial processes (SHIP) plants in Germany are compared with planned values. The data come from plants installed between 2012 and 2019, with three collector technologies supplying heat to different industrial processes in the low-temperature range, below 100°C for all but one plant. The average collector area of the plants studied is 327 m²_gr. With a high certainty, seven of the SHIP systems achieve a lower energetic performance than predicted and four systems reach the expectations. For the last two systems no conclusive quantitative assessment is made due to insufficient measurement data. A list of ten common faults and problems in SHIP plants is then defined based on the analysis of additional detailed measurement data available for eight of the 13 plants, combined with the authors’ long experience with SHIP plants. Particularly common faults are the undersizing of the solar heat exchanger and the undersizing of the pump(s) in the solar collector loop. No critical problems or major component or system defects are found. Overall, most faults could be avoided relatively easily with better system planning and installation. These findings should be urgently addressed by the branch to avoid long-term damaging effects on the image of SHIP systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101174,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Advances","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100029"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667113122000171/pdfft?md5=ca87541dcdbf83ce6b297abc9a7c10ac&pid=1-s2.0-S2667113122000171-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137163462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of soiling effect on CSP and PV technologies under semi-arid climate in Morocco","authors":"Mounir Abraim ,&nbsp;Hicham El Gallassi ,&nbsp;Omaima El alani ,&nbsp;Hicham Ghennioui ,&nbsp;Abdellatif Ghennioui ,&nbsp;Natalie Hanrieder ,&nbsp;Stefan Wilbert","doi":"10.1016/j.seja.2022.100021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seja.2022.100021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soiling of solar collectors reduces the efficiency of both concentrating solar power (CSP) and photovoltaic technologies (PV), and increases the operations and maintenance (O&amp;M) costs. Many countries with significant solar potential such as Morocco are located in regions characterized by dry and harsh climatic conditions, dust storms and high pollution. This study investigates the impact of soiling on PV and CSP technologies under a semi-arid climate in BenGuerir city of Morocco. For this purpose, one year of data collected from two types of soiling sensors, a Tracking Cleanliness Sensor (TraCS) and DustIQ, was evaluated. A meteorological station installed at Green Energy Park (Morocco). A period with red rain events and a dry period were selected to quantify the impact of soiling on both technologies during these periods. It is found that the soiling effect for CSP mirrors with an annually averaged soiling rate of -1.18%/day is around 5 to 6 times higher than for PV (-0.23%/day). The loss due to soiling during red rain events has been observed more pronounced compared to the dry period.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101174,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Advances","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100021"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667113122000092/pdfft?md5=40b9cf8f51c2b9008ce3e0b9cfa6fa8c&pid=1-s2.0-S2667113122000092-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86362355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the thermal behavior of floating photovoltaic installations","authors":"I.M. Peters ,&nbsp;A.M. Nobre","doi":"10.1016/j.seja.2021.100007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seja.2021.100007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Floating photovoltaic systems are an attractive, emerging concept to extend the area available for solar energy production to the water. Among the advantages of floating PV, frequently a cooling effect is mentioned. Yet little to no quantitative information about this cooling is provided in available literature. In this study, we present observations that challenge the role of water for photovoltaic module cooling. When comparing temperatures of two photovoltaic installation in Cambodia, we found that photovoltaic modules from a commercial floating installation at noon were significantly (9.1 ± 2.8 K) hotter than those from a nearby, small-scale installation on a metal rooftop. This large difference was all the more unexpected because the rooftop installation was on top of a room with electronic equipment that generated additional heat. When reproducing the temperatures of either system by modeling, we found that the most likely cause for this temperature difference is different exposure to wind of the two installations due to different PV module heights. Comparing temperatures at night, we find that the floating installation is 1.2 ± 0.5 K cooler than the rooftop installation. This difference can likely be attributed in parts to evaporation cooling. We conclude that the presence of water is a minor- or an indirect factor in the thermal balance of floating photovoltaic installations. Exposure to wind and module height are the differentiating elements for photovoltaic system cooling, at least in areas with small overall wind speeds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101174,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Advances","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667113121000073/pdfft?md5=6a443a316dcc9dd8ea8df4902d0ff7c9&pid=1-s2.0-S2667113121000073-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90028172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renewable energy in Antarctica - Photovoltaic for Neumayer Station III","authors":"Franziska Bockelmann,&nbsp;Ann-Kathrin Dreier,&nbsp;Joris Zimmermann,&nbsp;Markus Peter","doi":"10.1016/j.seja.2022.100026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seja.2022.100026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A feasibility study on the topic of expanding renewable energies in Antarctica at Neumayer Station III (NM3) has been conducted. Today, the station is mainly operated with polar diesel in combination with combined heat and power plants, resulting in high CO₂ emissions (714 t/a). By mapping the station in the simulation program TRNSYS, different expansion scenarios of the core components combined heat and power plants, wind turbines, photovoltaic systems, battery storage and thermal storage were considered. To investigate station operation and the interactions between the individual components, their number and dimensions were varied within a feasible range in a separate parameter study for each component. Criteria for the design of the components were, in addition to redundancy and security of supply, maximization of the share of renewable energy, reduction of CO₂ emissions and economic efficiency. The concept with the economic and ecological aims to achieve for AWI includes a PV system with 44 kW_p and a thermal storage system of 10 m³ in addition to five new CHP units, five wind turbines and a battery storage system with 300 kWh. With this variant, up to 65 % coverage by renewable energies and a reduction in CO₂ emissions of 43 % can be achieved in the 10 % expansion scenario (increase in energy demand at the power plant). To increase the share of renewables, the new concept must follow the power-to-heat approach, which in turn increases the electricity demand. Wind turbines make the largest contribution to increasing the share of renewables. Another focus was placed on the role of the PV system in the overall concept. Due to the limited space available at the station, the PV system has only a small impact of 3 to 7 percentage points on increasing the share of renewable energy. Despite the small impact, the use of a PV system has only advantages, as it improves the concept both ecologically and economically and contributes to a diversification of energy sources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101174,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Advances","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100026"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667113122000146/pdfft?md5=12fdeaece3c5bc54afad75188d67e4c0&pid=1-s2.0-S2667113122000146-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74110854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adapted strategy for large-scale assessment of solar potential on facades in urban areas focusing on the reflection component","authors":"Raybaud Blaise,&nbsp;Desthieux Gilles","doi":"10.1016/j.seja.2022.100030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seja.2022.100030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of this paper is to propose an adapted method of calculation to evaluate the solar potential on building facades on a large scale. Autonomous electricity supply is nowadays an important issue, particularly during the winter. Thus the facades of buildings, which are better irradiated in winter than the roofs, can provide a response to this issue. Research has been focusing for several years on fine modeling of radiative phenomena in an urban environment. The first challenge is to obtain a physically realistic model considering the phenomena of local reflections. The second challenge is to succeed in implementing this type of simulations on large scales. These two issues are antagonistic: the first implies making the model more complex while the second implies simplifying it. This paper proposes a calculation strategy to reconcile the two issues based on a simplified radiosity method. The results obtained via this strategy were compared to those obtained by measurement and simulation on a theoretical canyon. Subsequently, this calculation strategy has been deployed to real districts in Geneva, Switzerland.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101174,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Advances","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667113122000183/pdfft?md5=9b5fd7e44ce6d037430115ed5a917f13&pid=1-s2.0-S2667113122000183-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91724604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using probabilistic solar power forecasts to inform flexible ramp product procurement for the California ISO","authors":"Benjamin F. Hobbs ,&nbsp;Jie Zhang ,&nbsp;Hendrik F. Hamann ,&nbsp;Carlo Siebenschuh ,&nbsp;Rui Zhang ,&nbsp;Binghui Li ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Krad ,&nbsp;Venkat Krishnan ,&nbsp;Evangelia Spyrou ,&nbsp;Yijiao Wang ,&nbsp;Qingyu Xu ,&nbsp;Shu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.seja.2022.100024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seja.2022.100024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>How can independent system operators (ISOs) take advantage of probabilistic solar forecasts to lower generation costs and improve reliability of power systems? We discuss one three-step approach for doing so, focusing on how such forecasts might help the California Independent System Operator (CAISO) prepare unexpected net load ramps, where net load equals gross demand minus wind and solar production. First, we enhance an existing solar forecasting system to provide well-calibrated hours-ahead probabilistic forecasts. We then relate the degree of uncertainty reflected in the forecasted prediction intervals (independent variables) to error distributions for net load ramp forecasts for the CAISO real-time market (dependent variable) using machine learning and quantile regression. Projected ramp forecast errors conditioned on solar uncertainty are translated into flexible ramp requirements that therefore reflect real-time meteorological and solar conditions, improving on typical ISO procedures. Detailed descriptions are provided on the quantile regression and kth-nearest neighbor categorization methods for accomplishing that translation. Finally, a multiple time-scale look-ahead market simulation model is applied to a 118-bus IEEE Reliability Test System, modified to represent the CAISO generation mix and demand distributions. The model runs quantify how solar-conditioned ramp requirements can, first, decrease operating costs by reducing requirements compared to often conservative unconditional methods and, second, decrease generation scarcity events and consequently improve reliability by increasing flexibility requirements at times when unconditional forecast-based requirements understate actual ramp uncertainty. Solar-conditioned ramp requirements are found to reduce generation operating costs by about 2% for the test system (which would be equivalent to over $100 million per year for a CAISO-size system).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101174,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Advances","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667113122000122/pdfft?md5=88b22d6fe37ee07da99e362fc775476d&pid=1-s2.0-S2667113122000122-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78498230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of energy transfer between Terbium and Ytterbium ions in glass and glass ceramic: Application in photovoltaic","authors":"L. Oulmaati ,&nbsp;S. Belmokhtar ,&nbsp;K. Bouziane ,&nbsp;A. Bouajaj ,&nbsp;M. Britel ,&nbsp;F. Enrichi ,&nbsp;C. Armellini ,&nbsp;A. Chiappini ,&nbsp;M. Ferrari","doi":"10.1016/j.seja.2021.100012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seja.2021.100012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The structural and optical properties of thin layers based on 70%SiO₂–30%HfO₂ doped with different concentration of rare earth ions (terbium and ytterbium) have been studied with a view to integrating them in a photovoltaic cell as a spectral conversion layer in order to improve its efficiency, by using down-conversion process. These thin films were synthesized by using sol gel technique and deposited on the pure silica substrate by dip-coating method. The DC layer can be placed on the front side of a solar cell and can enhance the current by converting ultraviolet (UV) photons into a large number of visible photons.</p><p>In present study two series of samples are compared, the first series corresponds to samples treated at 900 °C (glass- S) while the second series concerns samples treated at 1000 °C (glass-ceramic- SC). These series are based on 70SiO₂–30HfO₂ activated by different molar concentrations of rare earths [Tb + Yb]/[Si + Hf] = 7%, 9%, 12%, 15%, 17%, 19% and 21%.</p><p>Photoluminescence results of reference samples (without Yb³⁺) showed an emission from ⁵D₄ to ⁷F_J (<em>J</em> = 3, 4, 5, 6) level characteristic transitions of Tb³⁺, with a maximum peak in the green centered at 543.5 nm corresponding to the ⁵D₄→⁷F₅ transition. For the co-doped samples a clear NIR PL emission around 980 nm was detected, due to the ²F_5/2→²F_7/2 transition of Yb³⁺ ions. From luminescence decay curves of Tb³⁺ maximum emission peak (⁷F₅→⁵D₄ transition at 543.5 nm) we have identified the energy transfer efficiency. The quantum efficiency increases by increasing the total [Tb + Yb] concentration. The most significant yield was achieved with [Tb + Yb]=19%, the maximum quantum transfer efficiency obtained was 190% for glass-ceramic samples and 161% for glassy one.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101174,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Advances","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667113121000127/pdfft?md5=9b0a7661729bb2d4c54ae8069d117ac1&pid=1-s2.0-S2667113121000127-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91724609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}