Soil Technology最新文献

{"title":"The hydraulic properties of a sandy soil treated with gel-forming soil conditioner","authors":"A. M. Al-Darby","doi":"10.1016/0933-3630(95)00030-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0933-3630(95)00030-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101170,"journal":{"name":"Soil Technology","volume":"47 1","pages":"15-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73428874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of soil disturbance on pedotransfer function development for field capacity","authors":"M.A. Bell ,&nbsp;H. van Keulen","doi":"10.1016/0933-3630(95)00032-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0933-3630(95)00032-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increasing use of simulation models for design and analysis of land use management options has meant an increased need for detailed soil data. When such data are not available, pedotransfer functions (PTFs) can be used to estimate soil properties such as cation exchange capacity (CEC) and field capacity (FC) from other more readily available data. However, if PTFs for FC have been developed from disturbed samples, there is a doubt as to the accuracy of the prediction for in-situ soils. To determine the effect of soil disturbance on the estimate of FC and the development of PTFs, we determined FC on both disturbed and in-situ samples for soils from four contrasting agro-ecological environments in Mexico. Results suggest that PTFs for FC developed from in-situ samples can be used in simulation modeling, as 89% of the variation across the four contrasting soils was explained; soil organic matter (SOM) being the dominant factor in the function. However, caution is required in using PTFs for FC developed from disturbed soil samples as they overestimated in-situ FC for all soils except for the coarser textured soil. Other PTFs for FC from the literature were evaluated in terms of their qualitative and quantitative estimates of in-situ FC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101170,"journal":{"name":"Soil Technology","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 321-329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0933-3630(95)00032-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72219628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probe microphone instrumentation for determining soil physical properties: testing in model porous materials","authors":"J.M. Sabatier ,&nbsp;D.C. Sokol ,&nbsp;C.K. Frederickson ,&nbsp;M.J.M. Römkens ,&nbsp;E.H. Grissinger ,&nbsp;J.C. Shipps","doi":"10.1016/0933-3630(95)00014-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0933-3630(95)00014-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An acoustic technique for evaluating soil physical properties is described and tested in model porous materials. A probe microphone is used to measure the acoustic signal attenuation and phase speed. Emphasis is on the probe construction, insertion in soils and reduction of acoustic data to predict tortuosity and an effective air-flow resistivity of the soil. Well-known capillary-tube models of porous materials which incorporate these two porous material properties are used to invert the acoustic data. The probe microphone, associated hardware, data acquisition and analyses are implemented on a personal computer. The system can provide real time prediction of the soil properties in the field. Measurements in three materials: glass beads, washed sand and loess soil are analyzed and discussed. The instrumentation works well in the glass beads and washed sand tested; however, in the loess soil tested some restrictions occur.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101170,"journal":{"name":"Soil Technology","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 259-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0933-3630(95)00014-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72219629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactive effects of exchangeable sodium and water content on soil modulus of rupture","authors":"Miguel A. Taboada,&nbsp;Raúl S. Lavado","doi":"10.1016/0933-3630(95)00031-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0933-3630(95)00031-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The interactive effect between exchangeable sodium (sodium adsorption ratio, SAR = 1, 7, 15, 30 and 50) and water content (water saturated and field capacity) on soil hardsetting behaviour was investigated in a loamy topsoil of a Typic Natraquoll. Hardsetting was evaluated by the modulus of rupture (MOR) of dry aggregates, previously subjected to a static pressure simulating that imposed by an adult cow (400 kPa). A control receiving no pressure was included. In both control and water saturated treatments, MOR increased steadily (from 6.5 to 10.4 MPa) with SAR. This indicates that the effect of exchangeable sodium prevailed over that of water content when the soil was stressed at saturation. Exchangeable sodium and water content interacted significantly (F ratio = 4.56; α &lt; 0.002) during the applied pressure, but this interaction was not synergistic. Soil stressing at field capacity prevented MOR increases above a threshold of SAR ≥ 7. As a consequence, an attenuation of hardsetting behaviour can be expected when the studied soil is trampled in moist field conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101170,"journal":{"name":"Soil Technology","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 345-349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0933-3630(95)00031-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87324070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of metals in soils and relationships among fractions by principal component analysis","authors":"A. Barona,&nbsp;F. Romero","doi":"10.1016/0933-3630(95)00029-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0933-3630(95)00029-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A sequential extraction procedure (speciation procedure) was proposed with the aim of determining the distribution of Pb, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cd and Cr among the different fractions of soil samples taken in three locations; two in rural areas and one in an industrial area. These results provided information about the main fractions where these metals were accumulated in the soils studied. Principal component analysis was used as a method for data treatment to establish general relationships among metal amounts accumulated in the different fractions and general soil properties, which were expected to govern the metal distribution pattern. On the basis of the results obtained from the position maps of variables and samples, the carbonate content was the soil property with the greatest number of statistically significant correlations with metal contents in fractions, so it can be considered as a relevant parameter in the distribution of some metals such as Pb, Ni, Zn and Cu in the soils.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101170,"journal":{"name":"Soil Technology","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 303-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0933-3630(95)00029-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72219626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of broad beds and dolichos residue management on properties of an irrigated vertisol","authors":"N.R. Hulugalle ,&nbsp;D.L. Larsen ,&nbsp;S. Henggeler","doi":"10.1016/0933-3630(95)00024-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0933-3630(95)00024-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effects of mulching or incorporating residues of dolichos (<em>Lablab purpureus</em> L.), sown in rotation with cotton (<em>Gossypium hirsutum</em> L.), in broad (1.5 m wide) beds on soil properties of a Vertisol were studied in Northern New South Wales, Australia. Soil was sampled from the 0-0.10 m (bed surface) and 0.20-0.30 m (below bed) depths of edges and centres of broad beds during January 1993. Soil properties measured were particulate, mineral-associated and total organic matter, dispersion index, plastic limit, geometric mean diameter (GMD) of soil aggregates formed after puddling and drying at 40°C (soil reactivity), soil density, exchangeable cations and nitrate-N. Compared with mulching, incorporating dolichos residues resulted in a significantly lower dispersion index. Mulching also resulted in higher values of dispersion index below beds when compared with bed surfaces. Plastic limit at the centres of beds was significantly lower than that in the edges. Smallest GMD of soil aggregates occurred in the centre of mulched beds. Greatest soil compaction occurred at soil water contents ≤0.15 m³ Mg⁻¹ below beds when dolichos residues were mulched. Where dolichos residues were incorporated, at soil water contents ≤0.10 m³ Mg⁻¹ compaction in the soil surface was lower in bed centres when compared with those at the edges of beds. Residue management had no significant effect on soil organic matter fractions, although coarse (2 mm–212 μm), fine (212-53 μm) and total soil organic matter contents on bed surfaces were greater than those below beds, and coarse particulate organic matter at the edges of beds was greater than that at the centres. Greatest exchangeable K, and lowest exchangeable Na and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) occurred where dolichos residues were incorporated. In comparison with mulching, exchangeable Mg was higher and exchangeable Ca lower below beds with residue incorporation. Nitrate-N on bed surfaces was higher than that below beds with mulching. Mulching improved only friability of surface soil in bed centres, whereas indices of soil physical and chemical fertility such as aggregate stability, exchangeable cations, ESP and soil compaction in both bed surfaces and below beds were improved by incorporating dolichos residues. Better soil quality can, therefore, be maintained at this site by incorporating rather than mulching residues of dolichos sown in rotation with cotton.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101170,"journal":{"name":"Soil Technology","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 275-286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0933-3630(95)00024-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72219633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rapid method for assessing sodicity hazard using a cation exchange membrane","authors":"K.J. Greer,&nbsp;J.J. Schoenau","doi":"10.1016/0933-3630(95)00025-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0933-3630(95)00025-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ion exchange reactions which occur between the soil and synthetic resin surfaces have been used to approximate nutrient movement and uptake by plants. Similar exchange principles govern the proportion of sodium which will exist on the soil exchange. This study investigated the use of a cation exchange membrane (CEM) in estimating the sodicity of soil. For soils ranging in salinity from non to extremely saline, the saturated paste extractable sodium was not well related to the CEM exchangeable amounts. However, the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) was closely related to the CEM exchangeable Na (<em>r</em>² = 0.95), suggesting a link between Na on the soil exchange complex and that adsorbed by the CEM. The factors which control the ion exchange dynamics of the soil exchange complex appear to similarly control cation exchange onto the CEM. This premise was used as the basis for a simplified measure of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). Sodium occupying the CEM, expressed as a percentage of the entire CEM capacity, showed a one to one correspondence with ESP measured using standard methods (<em>r</em>² = 0.91). Exchange membranes, therefore, offer a simple and rapid method of assessing soil sodicity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101170,"journal":{"name":"Soil Technology","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 287-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0933-3630(95)00025-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77653886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author index volume 8 (1995/1996)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0933-3630(96)90000-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0933-3630(96)90000-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101170,"journal":{"name":"Soil Technology","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 351-353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0933-3630(96)90000-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136480014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaporation from soil in relation to residue rate, mixing depth, soil texture and evaporativity","authors":"B. Gill, S. Jalota","doi":"10.1016/0933-3630(95)00026-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0933-3630(95)00026-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101170,"journal":{"name":"Soil Technology","volume":"55 1","pages":"293-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74866384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The system of assessment of soil degradation","authors":"V.V. Snakin ,&nbsp;P.P. Krechetov ,&nbsp;T.A. Kuzovnikova ,&nbsp;I.O. Alyabina ,&nbsp;A.F. Gurov ,&nbsp;A.V. Stepichev","doi":"10.1016/0933-3630(95)00028-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0933-3630(95)00028-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The measurement and ecological assessment of soil quality or conversely soil degradation, is important in Russia. Thus, based on the analysis of current standards and scientific studies, we developed a set of representative soil quality (soil degradation) indicators to assess the physical, chemical, and biological degradation of soil for various anthropogenic uses of the land. We have provided a matrix of indicators for each of the three processes of degradation. The indicators are grouped into five stages of degradation: high quality (non-degraded), weakly degraded, moderately degraded, highly degraded, and very highly degraded. We have proposed a rate index as a final estimate of soil degradation. We provide examples of how to calculate the soil quality index (soil degradation) and how to interpret the index. Finally we suggest methods for displaying soil quality using soil survey maps and remote sensing procedures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101170,"journal":{"name":"Soil Technology","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 331-343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0933-3630(95)00028-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80887498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}