Soil Technology最新文献_第8页

Contour grass strips : a laboratory simulation of their role in erosion control using live grasses 等高线草条:一个实验室模拟他们的作用，在侵蚀控制使用活草

Soil Technology Pub Date : 1996-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0933-3630(95)00037-2

Lakew Desta Tadesse, R. Morgan

引用次数: 28

Field investigations of different techniques for measuring surface soil shear strength 测量表层土壤抗剪强度的不同技术的实地调查

Soil Technology Pub Date : 1996-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0933-3630(96)00002-5

S. M. Zimbone, A. Vickers, R. Morgan, P. Vella

引用次数: 74

The hydraulic properties of a sandy soil treated with gel-forming soil conditioner 凝胶型土壤改良剂处理砂质土壤的水力特性

Soil Technology Pub Date : 1996-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0933-3630(95)00030-5

A.M. Al-Darby

{"title":"The hydraulic properties of a sandy soil treated with gel-forming soil conditioner","authors":"A.M. Al-Darby","doi":"10.1016/0933-3630(95)00030-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0933-3630(95)00030-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The irrigated sandy soils in the arid regions have limited water retention capacity. A laboratory study was conducted on a sandy soil to investigate the effect of a gel-forming soil conditioner (Jalma) on the soil water retention relationship (ψ-θ), soil water diffusivity (D(θ)), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (KS). Zero, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8% of Jalma (J) were uniformly mixed with a sandy soil (Typic Torripsamments). The soil water distribution, horizontal wetting front advance (X), and infiltration (I) were measured. The results indicate: (1) the available water content increased exponentially with increasing J, but KS decreased exponentially with increasing J; (2) the X and I decreased with increasing J, and their relationships with time can be described by power functions; (3) the D(θ) increased with increasing θ and decreased with increasing J. Two approaches were taken to calculate K(θ) by using: (1) the D(θ) functions and the complete θ-ψ relationship, and (2) the measured KS and a limited range of the θ-ψ relationship. The two approaches were found to be comparable, but the second approach is recommended since it required simpler and available data. The calculated K(θ) increased with increasing θ and decreased with increasing J. Generally, this study revealed that the addition of gel-conditioner improved the hydraulic properties of sandy soil and that the best rate of Jalma is 0.4%. This addition rate limited deep percolation losses while maintaining adequate infiltration and water retention characteristics.</div>","PeriodicalId":101170,"journal":{"name":"Soil Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"Pages 15-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0933-3630(95)00030-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91650816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 82

Contour grass strips: A laboratory simulation of their role in erosion control using live grasses 等高草条:利用活草对其在侵蚀控制中的作用进行实验室模拟

Soil Technology Pub Date : 1996-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0933-3630(95)00037-2

Lakew Desta Tadesse, R.P.C. Morgan

引用次数: 28

Field investigations of different techniques for measuring surface soil shear strength 测量表层土壤抗剪强度的不同技术的实地调查

Soil Technology Pub Date : 1996-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0933-3630(96)00002-5

S.M. Zimbone , A. Vickers , R.P.C. Morgan , P. Vella †

{"title":"Field investigations of different techniques for measuring surface soil shear strength","authors":"S.M. Zimbone , A. Vickers , R.P.C. Morgan , P. Vella †","doi":"10.1016/0933-3630(96)00002-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0933-3630(96)00002-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Field measurements of surface soil shear strength were made in three different Sicilian soils (a sandy loam, a silty loam and a clay soil) using four devices (two torvanes, one hand vane tester and one pocket penetrometer). The pocket penetrometer always gave the highest strength values while in most cases the two torvanes gave the lowest. This result was expected because a torvane applies a torsional shear to a soil layer which is much thinner than in the case of the hand vane tester, while the pocket penetrometer generates a compressive and shear type failure at the same time. Some slight differences can also occur between very similar devices as was the case for the two tested torvanes. Spatial variability at field scale can make it difficult to determine a single representative value of soil surface shear strength. As expected, soil surface moisture content played a major role in the performance of shear strength devices. Generally, a decrease of shear strength with increasing moisture content was observed and exponential regressions showed the best fit to the data. The values of cohesion at saturation obtained with a torvane for a highly compacted sandy loam top-soil and for uncompacted silty loam and clay loam soils were similar to those proposed as guide values for use as input data to the EUROpean Soil Erosion Model (EUROSEM). Correction factors, which vary with soil type, would be needed to values obtained with other instruments before the data could be used in EUROSEM. Since, in EUROSEM, soil cohesion is used to represent the resistance of the soil to detachment by runoff, the torvane and the hand vane tester are the most appropriate instruments to obtain input data. This is because they express the kind of shear involved in the detachment of soil particles by flow.</div>","PeriodicalId":101170,"journal":{"name":"Soil Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"Pages 101-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0933-3630(96)00002-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91650815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 71

Effect of gypsum on seedling emergence in a kaolinitic crusting soil 石膏对高岭石结皮土壤幼苗出苗的影响

Soil Technology Pub Date : 1996-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0933-3630(95)00036-4

L. Borselli , R. Biancalani , C. Giordani , S. Carnicelli , G.A. Ferrari

引用次数: 19

Modification of hydraulic properties of a semiarid soil in relation to seasonal applications of sewage sludge and electrolyte-producing compounds 污水污泥和产电解质化合物季节性施用对半干旱土壤水力特性的影响

Soil Technology Pub Date : 1996-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0933-3630(95)00027-5

T.M. Abu-Sharar

{"title":"Modification of hydraulic properties of a semiarid soil in relation to seasonal applications of sewage sludge and electrolyte-producing compounds","authors":"T.M. Abu-Sharar","doi":"10.1016/0933-3630(95)00027-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0933-3630(95)00027-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>A field experiment was carried out to study the effects of sewage sludge and three chemical amendments (gypsum, cement dust, and ground phosphate rock (P.rock)) on volumes of runoff generated from 15 treatment plots, each of 2 × 2 m2 (three randomized complete blocks each with one control and four treatment plots). The experiment was carried out in the Muaq'qar Experiment Station (Jordan) for five successive winter seasons (87/88 to 91/92). The surface soil (fine, mixed, thermic Typic Calciorthid) was annually mixed to 5 cm depth with sewage sludge (20 tons/ha) or the respective chemical amendment (500 kg/ha) before the beginning of each winter season. The volume of runoff water generated from each plot was measured following rainstorm events of known depth, intensity and duration. Results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that runoff volume depended mainly on rainfall depth and to a lesser extent on rainfall intensity. Regression coefficient of the runoff-rainfall relation increased and, consequently, structural stability of the soil surface decreased in the following order: sewage sludge > gypsum > cement dust > P.rock > control. In addition, infiltration rate (IR) of the treatment plots decreased in a similar manner. The final IR for the sewage sludge- and gypsum-amended plots was about 10 and 5 times greater than that of the control plots (3.97 ± 0.68 mm h−), respectively. Decreasing structural stability of the chemically-amended plots conformed to the decreasing solubility of the chemical amendments and, thus, showed the role of electrolyte concentration in preventing surface crust formation. Structural improvement of the sludge-amended plots was due to the increase in both soil salinity and organic matter content.</div>","PeriodicalId":101170,"journal":{"name":"Soil Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"Pages 1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0933-3630(95)00027-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75893727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Effect of gypsum on seedling emergence in a kaolinitic crusting soil 石膏对高岭石结皮土壤幼苗出苗的影响

Soil Technology Pub Date : 1996-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0933-3630(95)00036-4

L. Borselli, R. Biancalani, C. Giordani, S. Carnicelli, G. Ferrari

引用次数: 19

Amelioration of a degraded hardsetting soil using an anionic polymeric conditioner 阴离子聚合物调理剂对退化硬固土的改良

Soil Technology Pub Date : 1996-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0933-3630(95)00038-0

K.Y. Chan, S. Sivapragasam

{"title":"Amelioration of a degraded hardsetting soil using an anionic polymeric conditioner","authors":"K.Y. Chan, S. Sivapragasam","doi":"10.1016/0933-3630(95)00038-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0933-3630(95)00038-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Changes in the physical properties of a degraded hardsetting soil (Alfisol) after treatment with an anionic polymer (PAM) at a range of application rate (0–0.01% by weight) and antecedent soil water content were investigated. Significant improvement in soil physical properties, namely increased water stable aggregation, reduction in tensile strength and bulk density was detected in the treated soil at the lowest application rate (0.001%) and the effects increased with increasing rate of application. At the same polymer application rate, the improvement was greater at lower antecedent soil water content. However, the soil water content had a much smaller effect on soil physical properties than the polymer application rate. While zero germination was observed in the control soil (no polymer), significant improvement in germination of cotton was detected at an application rate of 7 kg ha−1 (0.005% of polymer by weight to 1 cm depth). The reduction in tensile strength of the polymer amended soil was most significantly related to the decrease in the amount of fine material ( < 50 μm) produced on wetting. Therefore, the anionic polymer ameliorates hardsetting by promoting formation of water stable bondings within microaggregate size range (< 250 μm).</div>","PeriodicalId":101170,"journal":{"name":"Soil Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"Pages 91-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0933-3630(95)00038-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91650811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 28

Soil freezing problem: an exact solution 土壤冻结问题:精确解决方案

Soil Technology Pub Date : 1996-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0933-3630(95)00033-X

M. Ramos, J. Aguirre-puente, R. P. Cano

引用次数: 10