RSC Pharmaceutics最新文献

{"title":"Bio-physical insights into the interaction of biocompatible iron oxide nanoparticles with biomolecules: microcalorimetric and spectroscopic evaluation","authors":"Aditi Pandey, Vishakha Choudhary, Bhawna Sharma and Achal Mukhija","doi":"10.1039/D5PM00182J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5PM00182J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Drug delivery systems (DDSs), despite extensive research, have yet to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes. In this study, we synthesized amino acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) to investigate a nano-bio interface through thermodynamic analysis and assess how surface coating influences DDS efficiency. The synthesized systems were characterized using FTIR, XRD, BET, SEM, and DLS techniques. Isothermal titration calorimetry in combination with spectroscopy was employed for interaction studies and to obtain data on the binding and thermodynamics of interaction. Thermodynamic parameters and therapeutic efficiency were correlated with the functional groups of the coating material of the IONPs. Experimental findings imply that coating IONPs with amino acids improves their interactions with DNA and drug-loading efficiency. Comparison of the efficiency of different amino acid-coated IONPs based on the functional group of the coating material reveals the importance of the –OH group over other functional groups. Additionally, results demonstrated how the efficiency of the DDSs changes in the homologous series of amino acids and highlight how the size and length of the side substituent as well as the type of amino acid impact their interaction with DNA and drug loading efficiency with 5-fluorouracil. Correlating the energetics of the interactions with the structure and physical characteristics of amino acids enabled quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) studies and will facilitate the AI-based design of efficient DDSs.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 6","pages":" 1603-1615"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d5pm00182j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145479385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eutectic formulations in pharmaceutical development: a comprehensive review of modulation strategies","authors":"Nazima Sultana and Mehdi Al Kausor","doi":"10.1039/D5PM00171D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5PM00171D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Poorly soluble drugs pose significant challenges in terms of their pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutical properties, reducing their therapeutic potential. Crystal engineering has emerged as a promising strategy to address this issue. This comprehensive review delves into the transformative potential of crystal engineering in designing eutectic multicomponent systems. Through the strategic exploitation of supramolecular synthons and non-covalent interactions, eutectic formulations demonstrate significantly improved solubilization, enhanced stability profiles, and augmented bioavailability. We explore the details of functional group interactions, molecular structural design, and crystal lattice dynamics to elucidate the underlying mechanisms governing eutectic formations. Our review provides a profound understanding of the interplay between crystal engineering and pharmacokinetics, paving the way for the rational design of eutectic formulations with optimized drug delivery and therapeutic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 6","pages":" 1408-1430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d5pm00171d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145479555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain delivery of biotherapeutics via receptor-mediated transcytosis across the blood–brain barrier","authors":"Ruben J. Boado","doi":"10.1039/D5PM00204D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5PM00204D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The brain microvasculature represents the blood–brain barrier (BBB) <em>in vivo</em> and it is permeable only to small lipophilic molecules. Polar nutrients, like glucose and amino acids, are transported across the BBB <em>via</em> carrier-mediated transport systems. Large protein-based biotherapeutics are not able to cross the BBB, which has represented a major issue for the development of potential treatments for the central nervous system over the past several decades. The finding that proteins such as insulin and transferrin cross the BBB through receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT) led to the idea that it may be possible to transport peptidomimetic molecules to the brain by targeting these BBB receptors. It was later demonstrated that monoclonal antibodies (MAb) targeting either insulin and transferrin BBB receptors were able to penetrate the BBB and distribute throughout the brain. A first generation of molecular Trojan horses or shuttle systems were developed, which were able to piggyback therapeutic molecules conjugated directly to these MAbs or bound to them <em>via</em> avidin–biotin chemistry. This technology was also applied to the delivery of genes and antisense oligonucleotides to the brain. A second generation of brain penetrating protein-based biotherapeutics was produced in a form of fusion proteins, comprised of a transport domain and a therapeutic domain. These fusion proteins were validated in various experimental models, including lysosomal storage disorders, stroke, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, respectively. Clinical trials with brain penetrating fusion proteins have been completed or are in progress with valanafusp alpha and lepunafusp alfa for Hurler's syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type I, MPS I), with pabinafusp alfa and tividenofusp alpha for Hunter's syndrome (MPS II), and with trontinemab for Alzheimer's disease. Pabinafusp alfa was the first brain penetrating biotherapeutic approved by a regulatory agency for the treatment of Hunter MPSII syndrome. The aim of this article is to review the progress made in the brain delivery of biotherapeutics <em>via</em> RMT across the BBB.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 6","pages":" 1349-1375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d5pm00204d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145479553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan-based biodegradable dental chips impregnated with chlorhexidine gluconate for the treatment of periodontitis","authors":"Samia Afzal, Muhammad Ali Sheraz, Sofia Ahmed, Safoora Tariq, Sadia Hafeez Kazi, Farjad Zafar and Zubair Anwar","doi":"10.1039/D5PM00086F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5PM00086F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Chlorhexidine (CHX) is a synthetic cationic biguanide commonly used in dentistry to control infections. In the present study, cost-effective biodegradable dental chips of CHX (0.2%) with varying concentrations of high-molecular-weight chitosan (2%, 3%, and 4%) were prepared using the solvent casting method. The identification, purity, and interaction between the active drug and excipients have been confirmed using FTIR spectrometry. The formulated chips exhibited a pH of around 5, with excellent folding endurance of ≥1000, a thickness of 0.34–0.42 mm, and a moisture loss of about 10–14%. Organoleptically, the chips were consistent for at least three months at room temperature. The assay of CHX was performed using a validated HPLC method. The content uniformity of the chips was found to be greater than 90%, indicating a uniform distribution of the active drug. The release of CHX from the chips slowed down from 31 to 72 h with an increase in polymer concentration from 2 to 4%. The release followed the Higuchi model for 2% and 3% chips and the Korsmeyer–Peppas model for 4% chips. All the chips demonstrated stability for only one month under accelerated temperature and humidity conditions (<em>i.e.</em>, 40 °C/75% RH). Significant antimicrobial activity has been observed for both placebo and CHX-loaded chips against various standard and clinical isolates, with good activity on cementum. The formulated CHX dental chips offer an economical and effective drug delivery system for treating periodontal infections, due to their potent antimicrobial effect and sustained drug release, which facilitates the desired therapeutic effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 6","pages":" 1580-1592"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d5pm00086f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145479438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aluminium-complexed alginate nanoparticles as an adjuvant for therapeutic vaccines against melanoma","authors":"Meera Menon TP, Anjana Unnikrishnan, Reba Elsa Sam, Mohammed Ashif, Jisnet George, Bins KC, Unnikrishnan Sivan, Ajith Vengellur and Anusha Ashokan","doi":"10.1039/D5PM00111K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5PM00111K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Therapeutic cancer vaccines elicit an immune response within existing tumours. Our research introduces a strategy to address the low efficacy of peptide-based therapeutic cancer vaccines by employing aluminum-complexed alginate nanoparticles (nAl-Alg) as an adjuvant. Characterisation of nAl-Alg revealed a hydrodynamic diameter of 242.1 ± 126.33 nm. Cytocompatibility studies using the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 demonstrated no change in percentage viability up to 100 μg ml<small>⁻¹</small> compared to the untreated control. Cell uptake studies conducted in RAW 264.7 macrophages demonstrated an enhanced uptake of nAl-Alg compared to Alhydrogel®, a commercially available adjuvant. <em>In vivo</em> toxicity studies in mouse models also revealed the absence of adverse reactions in haematological analysis after treatment with nAl-Alg. Subsequent <em>in vivo</em> mouse melanoma model studies showed a notable delay in tumour growth in animals treated with nAl-Alg combined with the tumour antigen compared to groups treated with the tumour antigen alone, adjuvant alone, and untreated controls. The median survival time increased from 17 days in untreated animals to 33 days for the nAl-Alg and tumour antigen combination-treated group. Treatment with nAl-Alg and the tumour antigen alone resulted in median survival times of 23 days and 24 days, respectively. These findings highlight the potential therapeutic impact of nAl-Alg in enhancing the immune response against tumours.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 6","pages":" 1593-1602"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d5pm00111k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145479439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain-targeted intranasal delivery of biologics: a perspective for Alzheimer's disease treatment","authors":"Huan Li, Xinai Shen, Beiyu Zhang, Yunan Li, Cameron Alexander, Peter Harvey and Zheying Zhu","doi":"10.1039/D5PM00148J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5PM00148J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents significant clinical challenges due to its complex pathology and the limitations of traditional drug delivery routes, which often fail to transport therapeutic agents effectively across the blood–brain barrier (BBB). This review focuses on the potential of intranasal drug delivery to enhance therapeutic efficacy in AD treatment by providing a direct route to the central nervous system (CNS). It examines the mechanisms of intranasal administration, including the olfactory and trigeminal pathways, which facilitate rapid drug absorption and distribution to the brain. Additionally, the advantages of intranasal delivery in improving drug bioavailability, reducing systemic side effects, and enhancing patient compliance are discussed alongside innovative formulation strategies, including lipid nanoparticles and other carrier systems. Despite promising outcomes, challenges such as variability in absorption efficiency and the influence of repeated administration remain critical considerations. Furthermore, this review also surveys the current landscape of research for intranasal drug delivery in AD, integrating imaging technologies, emphasizing ongoing studies and future directions for this promising approach. By synthesizing recent findings, this review aims to provide a comprehensive exploration of the interplay of biologics, intranasal delivery, and brain disorders, offering valuable perspectives into the potential of intranasal gene therapy as a potent drug delivery system for CNS diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 6","pages":" 1323-1348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d5pm00148j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145479526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel zwitterionic densely charged neutral sulfobetaine polymeric micelles for oral delivery of therapeutic peptides: a proof-of-concept study","authors":"Muthanna Abdulkarim, Cátia Neto, Flavia Laffleur, Victor Ramos-Pérez, Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch, Salvador Gómez Borros and Mark Gumbleton","doi":"10.1039/D4PM00202D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4PM00202D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Densely charged but neutral sulfobetaine polymeric micelles (PMs) were designed with the aim of efficiently permeating the intestinal mucus and releasing the intact peptide cargo close to the intestinal epithelial surface. Using RAFT chemistry, butyl methacrylate and dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate copolymers were synthesised and then reacted with propane sultone to form amphiphilic block copolymers comprising hydrophilic zwitterionic sulfobetaine and lipophilic butyl methacrylate (BMA). Small (diameter &lt;50 nm), spherical BMA–sulfobetaine PMs with a near neutral surface charge potential and loaded with a model peptide cargo, the GLP1-agonist peptide exenatide, were then formed by nanoprecipitation. <em>In vitro</em> peptide release studies from the PMs showed that less than 0.9% of the peptide load was released within the first 2 h (<em>i.e.</em> there was no ‘burst’ effect), with the release unaffected by highly acidic conditions. Thereafter, a sustained release was evident with 43% of the peptide load released in 24 h. <em>In vitro</em> screening (cytotoxicity assay) showed that the PMs did not cause loss of epithelial cell viability. Multiple particle tracking showed that the PMs were very highly permeant through the intestinal mucus. An <em>in vivo</em> non-clinical rodent pharmacokinetic study demonstrated the oral delivery of the exenatide-loaded PMs to achieve an extent of peptide bioavailability of 13% relative to subcutaneous (s.c.) exenatide solution injection. A pharmacodynamic study showed the efficacy of the oral exenatide-loaded PMs with significant reductions in blood glucose following a glucose challenge test. In conclusion, a novel family of sulfobetaine PMs have been demonstrated as stable carriers, efficiently permeating the intestinal mucus and with the potential for exploitation in the oral delivery of therapeutic peptides.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 6","pages":" 1558-1579"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d4pm00202d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145479437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactoferrin-conjugated quercetin-loaded organically modified silica nanocargoes ameliorate cognitive impairment in a rat model of amnesia","authors":"Peta Nobel Reddy, Jasleen Kaur and Saba Naqvi","doi":"10.1039/D5PM00093A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5PM00093A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, exerts potential pharmacological and therapeutic effects, primarily due to its antioxidant properties and ability to mitigate cognitive impairment. However, its inadequate bioavailability, poor absorption, and rapid clearance limit its therapeutic efficacy. To overcome these limitations, we developed organically modified silica (ORMOSIL) nanoparticles conjugated with lactoferrin (LF), a glycoprotein renowned for its ability to cross the blood–brain barrier and exert neuroprotective effects. This scaffold aims to enhance quercetin delivery to the brain, ultimately improving therapeutic outcomes. This study employed a multi-faceted approach, involving the detailed characterization of nanoparticles, and <em>in vivo</em> assessment using a rat model to evaluate cognitive functions after scopolamine-induced amnesia. Behavioral tests, biochemical assessment, potential to inhibit the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, and histological findings collectively indicate improved efficacy of LF-Q-ORMOSIL compared to quercetin and ORMOSIL alone in an acute study. Furthermore, <em>in vivo</em> and <em>ex vivo</em> biodistribution patterns suggest better retention and increased brain targeting of the LF-conjugated formulation in the brain. Our findings demonstrate that LF-Q-ORMOSIL holds promise for enhanced delivery and therapeutic efficacy in mitigating cognitive deficits associated with neurodegenerative processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 6","pages":" 1545-1557"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d5pm00093a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145479436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging smart microneedle technologies in psoriasis: convergence of nanocarriers, machine learning, and personalized delivery","authors":"Ashish Dilip Sutar and Rahul Shukla","doi":"10.1039/D5PM00173K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5PM00173K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Psoriasis is a long-term autoimmune disorder that causes an excessive growth of keratinocytes in the skin. A mix of immune system irregularities, environmental influences, and genetic predisposition triggers it. The condition significantly impacts the quality of life of those affected. Histopathological investigation and clinical evaluation are two of the current diagnostic techniques; One method used to assess the severity of psoriasis is the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Topical medications and systemic therapy are examples of traditional treatments; nevertheless, they frequently do not offer long-lasting comfort and may have unfavourable side effects. Recent developments in targeted psoriasis therapy highlight the potential of microneedle technology, particularly nanoparticulate microneedle formulations, which allow improved drug administration and decreased systemic toxicity. Further, incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) into microneedle-based formulations is rising as a powerful tool to predict optimal design parameters, mechanical properties, and drug release profiles, thereby speeding research and enhancing therapeutic precision. This review delves into the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of psoriasis, focusing on novel microneedle approaches and AI, ML-based optimisation. We also examined ongoing studies, treatment patterns, and regulatory issues. We highlight patents about microneedles and how they could revolutionise the way psoriasis is treated.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 6","pages":" 1268-1291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d5pm00173k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145479524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan-based nano-objects for drug delivery: a review of their chemical modifications, supramolecular organization and biological fate","authors":"Gabriela Pereira Parchen, Marion Quaillet, Rilton Alves de Freitas and Hervé Hillaireau","doi":"10.1039/D5PM00095E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5PM00095E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Chitosan is a widely applied polysaccharide in different fields due to its versatility, biocompatibility and low toxicity. Its structure possesses reactive functional groups that can be modified without involving the chain backbone, which improves its physicochemical and biochemical properties. Several chemical modifications such as alkylation, acylation, thiolation, and grafting with polymers and active molecules can be combined with various supramolecular chemistry approaches such as crosslinking, self-assembly, polyelectrolyte-complex formation, ionic gelation, and polymerization to formulate chitosan-based nano-objects that can encapsulate many active pharmaceutical ingredients, eventually enabling new applications of chitosan in the pharmaceutical, biomedical and biotechnological fields. This review summarizes the critical findings of some recent works published in the last years on the chemical modification of chitosan; the design of chitosan-based nano-objects for the encapsulation and controlled delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients; and the biodistribution, biodegradation and toxicology of the nano-objects.</p>","PeriodicalId":101141,"journal":{"name":"RSC Pharmaceutics","volume":" 6","pages":" 1292-1322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/pm/d5pm00095e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145479525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}