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Mechanosynthesis of ruthenium trisbipyridyl complexes and application in photoredox catalysis in a ball-mill† 三联吡啶钌配合物的机械合成及其在球磨机光氧化还原催化中的应用
RSC Mechanochemistry Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1039/D4MR00112E
Florian Luttringer, Matthieu Lavayssiere, Enita Rastoder, Nikita Salov, Tristan Gravelet, François Quintin, Julien Pinaud, Frédéric Lamaty and Xavier Bantreil
{"title":"Mechanosynthesis of ruthenium trisbipyridyl complexes and application in photoredox catalysis in a ball-mill†","authors":"Florian Luttringer, Matthieu Lavayssiere, Enita Rastoder, Nikita Salov, Tristan Gravelet, François Quintin, Julien Pinaud, Frédéric Lamaty and Xavier Bantreil","doi":"10.1039/D4MR00112E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MR00112E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Herein, we developed the mechanosynthesis of ruthenium trisbipyridyl complexes. Such complexes can be difficult to prepare in solution, with long reaction times and average yields. With ball-milling, less than 3.5 hours of milling were sufficient to obtain the complexes in high yield. Such complexes were then evaluated as catalysts in the light-promoted mechanochemical reductive dehalogenation reaction. In addition to working under solvent-less conditions, the use of a Hantzsch amide instead of the classical ester allowed drastic simplification of the purification of the final compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 1","pages":" 108-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/mr/d4mr00112e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experimental and kinetic modelling study of NC palladacycles mechanosynthesis† 数控palladycle机械合成的实验与动力学建模研究
RSC Mechanochemistry Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1039/D4MR00082J
Rachel J. Allenbaugh, Tia M. Ariagno and Jeffrey Selby
{"title":"Experimental and kinetic modelling study of NC palladacycles mechanosynthesis†","authors":"Rachel J. Allenbaugh, Tia M. Ariagno and Jeffrey Selby","doi":"10.1039/D4MR00082J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MR00082J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Ball mill mechanosynthesis provides a method for direct C–H activation to prepare NC palladacycle precatalysts <em>via</em> liquid-assisted grinding (LAG). Methanol and dimethylsulfoxide were used as non-innocent LAG reagents, coordinating to the Pd center and producing more reactive intermediates to speed reactions. Kinetic modelling results are consistent with a mechanism of nucleation and autocatalytic growth in these processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 1","pages":" 30-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/mr/d4mr00082j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Trapping in situ generated CF3-nitrile imines with maleimides under solvent-free mechanochemical conditions† 在无溶剂机械化学条件下用马来酰亚胺捕获原位生成的cf3 -腈亚胺†
RSC Mechanochemistry Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1039/D4MR00075G
Greta Utecht-Jarzyńska, Szymon Jarzyński and Marcin Jasiński
{"title":"Trapping in situ generated CF3-nitrile imines with maleimides under solvent-free mechanochemical conditions†","authors":"Greta Utecht-Jarzyńska, Szymon Jarzyński and Marcin Jasiński","doi":"10.1039/D4MR00075G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MR00075G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A series of trifluoromethylated pyrrolo[3,4-<em>c</em>]pyrazoles was obtained <em>via</em> mechanochemical (3 + 2)-cycloaddition of <em>in situ</em> generated trifluoroacetonitrile imines with maleimide and its <em>N</em>-aliphatic/aromatic analogues. The presented work demonstrated that the aforementioned 1,3-dipoles can be efficiently trapped with electron-deficient dipolarophiles under solvent-free ball-milling conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 1","pages":" 79-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/mr/d4mr00075g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Coordination polymers containing dimeric Cu2X2 and polymeric (CuI)n clusters linked by unsymmetrical isomeric pyridine-benzimidazole linkers: modulating photophysical properties by mechanical stimuli† 含二聚体Cu2X2和由不对称异构体吡啶-苯并咪唑连接的聚合物（CuI）n簇的配位聚合物：通过机械刺激调节光物理性质
RSC Mechanochemistry Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1039/D4MR00071D
Prantik Dutta, Abhijit Garai and Kumar Biradha
{"title":"Coordination polymers containing dimeric Cu2X2 and polymeric (CuI)n clusters linked by unsymmetrical isomeric pyridine-benzimidazole linkers: modulating photophysical properties by mechanical stimuli†","authors":"Prantik Dutta, Abhijit Garai and Kumar Biradha","doi":"10.1039/D4MR00071D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MR00071D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Two rigid unsymmetrical linkers, <strong>4-PBI</strong> and <strong>3-PBI</strong>, have been successfully employed to synthesize three CuX cluster-based coordination polymers (CPs). The complexation reaction of <strong>4-PBI</strong> with CuI and CuBr resulted in isostructural crystalline <strong>CP1</strong> and <strong>CP2</strong>, respectively, containing Cu<small><sub>2</sub></small>X<small><sub>2</sub></small> clusters. On the other hand, the isomeric <strong>3-PBI</strong> with CuI resulted in crystalline <strong>CP3</strong> containing a one-dimensional polymeric (CuI)<small><sub><em>n</em></sub></small> cluster. Furthermore, the mechanochromism of the CPs has been examined using DRS, solid state PL, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. <strong>CP1</strong> and <strong>CP2</strong> exhibited mechanochromism as their colours changed from reddish brown to orangish yellow upon grinding. The pressure induced local distortion around the flexible dimeric cores of <strong>CP1</strong> and <strong>CP2</strong> was responsible for the resultant mechanochromism. The presence of a polymeric CuI cluster with μ<small><sub>3</sub></small>-bridging I atoms within the 2D layer of <strong>CP3</strong> renders it rigid, thereby hampering its ability to display mechanochromism.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 1","pages":" 100-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/mr/d4mr00071d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shaking up conjugates between chitosan and aldehydes via mechanochemistry† 壳聚糖和醛之间的偶联物的机械化学研究
RSC Mechanochemistry Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1039/D4MR00110A
Casper Van Poucke, Sven Mangelinckx and Christian V. Stevens
{"title":"Shaking up conjugates between chitosan and aldehydes via mechanochemistry†","authors":"Casper Van Poucke, Sven Mangelinckx and Christian V. Stevens","doi":"10.1039/D4MR00110A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MR00110A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A solid-state mechanochemical protocol to synthesize Schiff base and <em>N</em>-alkyl chitosan derivatives is described. The transition from a liquid reaction medium to a solid-state reaction allowed for a more efficient conjugation between the added hydrophobic aldehydes and hydrophilic chitosan by circumventing the generally observed solubility mismatch. Furthermore, for the reductive amination, the utilization of NaBH<small><sub>4</sub></small> was facilitated instead of NaCNBH<small><sub>3</sub></small>. The overall sustainable character of the reaction was compared to other solution-based methods <em>via</em> the calculation of the RME and PMI green metrics.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 1","pages":" 142-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/mr/d4mr00110a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Efficient racemization of the pharmaceutical compound Levetiracetam using solvent-free mechanochemistry† 用无溶剂机械化学研究药物化合物左乙拉西坦的高效消旋作用
RSC Mechanochemistry Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1039/D4MR00103F
Chrystal Lopes, Lucia Casali, Franziska Emmerling, Tom Leyssens, Valérie Dupray, Clement Brandel and Yohann Cartigny
{"title":"Efficient racemization of the pharmaceutical compound Levetiracetam using solvent-free mechanochemistry†","authors":"Chrystal Lopes, Lucia Casali, Franziska Emmerling, Tom Leyssens, Valérie Dupray, Clement Brandel and Yohann Cartigny","doi":"10.1039/D4MR00103F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MR00103F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We present the racemization of an active pharmaceutical ingredient Levetiracetam using a novel approach. We demonstrate the design of a 100% solvent-free process that proceeds by high energy milling inside a regular mixer mill. The kinetics of the racemization process is drastically improved compared to the solution-based approach and illustrates the tremendous potential of mechanochemistry. In this study, we highlight the importance of mixing efficiency regarding data reproducibility, and we show, in particular, that water contamination has a negative impact on the reaction rate. Moreover, <em>in situ</em> X-ray diffraction gives us first insights into the mechanisms involved in the solid state during the mechanochemical racemization process.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 1","pages":" 83-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/mr/d4mr00103f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Eco-friendly anaerobic oxidation of aryl diazo esters with heterocyclic N-oxide under ball milling: synthesis of 1,2-dicarbonyl systems† 杂环n -氧化物在球磨下对芳基重氮酯的生态友好厌氧氧化：1,2-二羰基体系的合成
RSC Mechanochemistry Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1039/D4MR00097H
Souvik Guha, Subhabrata Sen and Ludovic Gremaud
{"title":"Eco-friendly anaerobic oxidation of aryl diazo esters with heterocyclic N-oxide under ball milling: synthesis of 1,2-dicarbonyl systems†","authors":"Souvik Guha, Subhabrata Sen and Ludovic Gremaud","doi":"10.1039/D4MR00097H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MR00097H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Herein we report anaerobic oxidation of metal carbenoids generated from aryl diazo esters under ball milling with heterocyclic <em>N</em>-oxide in the presence of catalytic copper(<small>I</small>) to afford 1,2-dicarbonyls in excellent yield. Efficiently progressing across a diverse spectrum of substrates, the reaction demonstrates exceptional tolerance to a variety of functional groups, under mild reaction conditions, at low catalyst loading and minimum volume of solvent as a Liquid-Assisted Grinding (LAG) auxiliary thereby demonstrating a practical strategy to generate these molecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 1","pages":" 45-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/mr/d4mr00097h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Homogenization offers access to quinoxalines in minutes: a solvent-free, catalyst-free protocol with a near-zero E-factor† 均质可在几分钟内获得喹诺啉：无溶剂，无催化剂，e因子†接近零的协议
RSC Mechanochemistry Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1039/D4MR00100A
Abboy Chatterjee, Didreekshya Mahanta, Shamima Hussain, Amrita Chatterjee and Mainak Banerjee
{"title":"Homogenization offers access to quinoxalines in minutes: a solvent-free, catalyst-free protocol with a near-zero E-factor†","authors":"Abboy Chatterjee, Didreekshya Mahanta, Shamima Hussain, Amrita Chatterjee and Mainak Banerjee","doi":"10.1039/D4MR00100A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MR00100A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A reagent-free, catalyst-free, sustainable methodology was developed for fast and effortless synthesis of quinoxalines by mixing and homogenizing the substrates in a mini cell homogenizer. The mechanochemical agitation between several aromatic (and heteromatic) 1,2-diamines and various 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds with stainless steel balls in simple polypropylene vials at 4000 rpm afforded the corresponding quinoxalines and pyrido[2,3-<em>b</em>]pyrazines <em>via</em> cyclocondensation within a few minutes mostly in quantitative yields. The use of an equimolar ratio of substrates and complete conversion ensured quick access to quinoxalines in a sufficiently pure form offering the additional advantages of a work-up free and purification-free approach. As eliminated water molecules in the process do not contribute to waste, the <em>E</em>-factor of the method is practically zero.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 1","pages":" 72-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/mr/d4mr00100a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Visualizing separation at composite interfaces via spirolactam mechanophores† 通过螺内酰胺机械载体在复合界面上的可视化分离
RSC Mechanochemistry Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1039/D4MR00086B
Jared A. Gohl, Tyler J. Roberts, Anna C. Freund, Nazmul Haque, Lisa M. Rueschhoff, Luke A. Baldwin and Chelsea S. Davis
{"title":"Visualizing separation at composite interfaces via spirolactam mechanophores†","authors":"Jared A. Gohl, Tyler J. Roberts, Anna C. Freund, Nazmul Haque, Lisa M. Rueschhoff, Luke A. Baldwin and Chelsea S. Davis","doi":"10.1039/D4MR00086B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MR00086B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The failure of interfaces between polymers and inorganic substrates often leads to deteriorated performance, as is the case for polymer matrix composites. Interfacial mechanophores (iMPs) have the potential to fluorescently measure interfacial failures. Spirolactam-based mechanophores are of interest due to their readily available synthetic precursors and compatibility with epoxy matrices. In this work, spirolactam is covalently bound at the interface of silica surfaces and epoxy, chosen due to the industrial relevance of glass fiber composites. The iMPs are mechanically activated through uniaxial tension applied to the composite while the resulting fluorescent response is observed <em>in situ</em> with a confocal microscope. Due to their real time sensing capabilities, iMPs are a promising technique to measure interfacial failures in composite materials more easily than with traditional optical microscopy techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 2","pages":" 178-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/mr/d4mr00086b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A new planetary ball mill device with adjustable speed ratio for enhanced mechanochemical processes† 一种新型的行星球磨机装置，具有可调的速比，用于增强机械化学过程
RSC Mechanochemistry Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1039/D4MR00069B
Frank Yntema, Cameron Webster and Emmanouil Broumidis
{"title":"A new planetary ball mill device with adjustable speed ratio for enhanced mechanochemical processes†","authors":"Frank Yntema, Cameron Webster and Emmanouil Broumidis","doi":"10.1039/D4MR00069B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MR00069B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this paper, we introduce a novel planetary ball mill device featuring an interchangeable speed ratio, allowing users to manually adjust this parameter to suit the needs of each reaction. The device's modular design offers unprecedented control over the kinetic energy input, enabling enhanced reaction efficiency, selectivity, and precision.</p>","PeriodicalId":101140,"journal":{"name":"RSC Mechanochemistry","volume":" 1","pages":" 20-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/mr/d4mr00069b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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