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Optimal policies for protecting the quality of groundwater 保护地下水水质的最佳政策
Resources and Energy Pub Date : 1990-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0165-0572(90)90005-4
Wen-Yuan Huang, Noel D. Uri
{"title":"Optimal policies for protecting the quality of groundwater","authors":"Wen-Yuan Huang,&nbsp;Noel D. Uri","doi":"10.1016/0165-0572(90)90005-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0165-0572(90)90005-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper provides an analytical framework for use by a regional authority when assessing the potential impacts of a policy initiative directed at improving groundwater quality. In particular, a policy model is developed relying on three decision components (a farm level production decision model, a household decision model and a regional policy decision model) where the objective is that of identifying the trade-offs that a regional authority will be confronted with as it strives to balance the preferences of farmers and households while endeavoring to maximize net economic welfare. The basic rule developed indicates that the regional authority must choose a policy such that any increase (decrease) in regional income is just equal to the decrease (increase) in net benefits to households.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101080,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Energy","volume":"11 4","pages":"Pages 371-394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0165-0572(90)90005-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89183347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Energy R&D portfolio analysis 能源研发组合分析
Resources and Energy Pub Date : 1990-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/0165-0572(90)90014-A
Gideon Fishelson, Brent Kroetch
{"title":"Energy R&D portfolio analysis","authors":"Gideon Fishelson,&nbsp;Brent Kroetch","doi":"10.1016/0165-0572(90)90014-A","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0165-0572(90)90014-A","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates portfolios of research and development projects as applied to energy storage devices. First, the paper discusses how energy storage is well suited for such portfolio analysis. The paper then focuses on a general discussion of cost-benefit analysis of R&amp;D projects, paying particular attention to technical success. The conditions for which a portfolio of projects is justified are discussed. Next the particular application of portfolios of projects to energy storage is discussed in greater detail. The paper then presents an example of developing a portfolio of energy storage with particular focus on peak and off-peak electricity markets. Finally, the paper concludes that portfolios of R&amp;D projects are appropriate for energy storage devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101080,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Energy","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 195-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0165-0572(90)90014-A","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75121790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Energy research and long-term energy policy in the Netherlands 荷兰的能源研究和长期能源政策
Resources and Energy Pub Date : 1990-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/0165-0572(90)90010-G
P.J. Aubert
{"title":"Energy research and long-term energy policy in the Netherlands","authors":"P.J. Aubert","doi":"10.1016/0165-0572(90)90010-G","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0165-0572(90)90010-G","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Planning of energy research policy relative to future energy developments has been a difficult task for policy planners in the Netherlands. This paper describes the methodology accepted by the General Energy Council as a tool for policy advice. The decision method consists of negotiating agreement at four stages: agreement on the nature of future problems in the energy system, agreement on the kind of criteria to be set for long-term energy policy, agreement on the set of energy options that satisfy these criteria, and finally, agreement on the research needed to develop these options.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101080,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Energy","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 131-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0165-0572(90)90010-G","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83179630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
A framework for the appraisal of energy R&D 能源研发评价框架
Resources and Energy Pub Date : 1990-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/0165-0572(90)90011-7
George S. Tolley, Gideon Fishelson, S. Tiwari
{"title":"A framework for the appraisal of energy R&D","authors":"George S. Tolley,&nbsp;Gideon Fishelson,&nbsp;S. Tiwari","doi":"10.1016/0165-0572(90)90011-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0165-0572(90)90011-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article develops a benefit/cost framework for energy R&amp;D projects. Two basic elements are probability of success and market penetration, which are combined to yield a measure of net-benefits to a project. An example is given demonstrating the technique. The article goes on to describe how the technique is used when there is a portfolio of projects, where the outcome of a project affects one or more other projects. Finally, the article outlines decision rules for undertaking projects in a portfolio.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101080,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Energy","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 145-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0165-0572(90)90011-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77740742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The probability of technical success and R&D appraisal 技术成功概率与研发评价
Resources and Energy Pub Date : 1990-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/0165-0572(90)90012-8
J. Hodge, Craig Hakkio
{"title":"The probability of technical success and R&D appraisal","authors":"J. Hodge,&nbsp;Craig Hakkio","doi":"10.1016/0165-0572(90)90012-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0165-0572(90)90012-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two models that assess the probability of technical success are presented. The first model describes projects that are either complete successes or complete failures. The second model describes projects that may have partial success. The first model uses an expert evaluator's assessments of the probability of success of selected projects to parametrize a logit probability distribution. The results give implicit weights which can be employed in future analyses to calculate the expected level of success of new projects. The second model allows projects to be partially successful. Several methods of using an expert evaluator's opinion to determine the parameters of a beta distribution are developed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101080,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Energy","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 159-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0165-0572(90)90012-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75626961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Energy research and development : introduction 能源研究与开发:介绍
Resources and Energy Pub Date : 1990-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/0165-0572(90)90008-7
The Editors
{"title":"Energy research and development : introduction","authors":"The Editors","doi":"10.1016/0165-0572(90)90008-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0572(90)90008-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101080,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Energy","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 103-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0165-0572(90)90008-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136940726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A methodology to incorporate uncertainty into R&D cost and performance data 一种将不确定性纳入研发成本和绩效数据的方法
Resources and Energy Pub Date : 1990-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/0165-0572(90)90013-9
Stephen Barrager, Oliver Gildersleeve
{"title":"A methodology to incorporate uncertainty into R&D cost and performance data","authors":"Stephen Barrager,&nbsp;Oliver Gildersleeve","doi":"10.1016/0165-0572(90)90013-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0165-0572(90)90013-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper describes and demonstrates a methodology developed for the Electric Power Research Institute that combines modeling, sensitivity analysis and subjective probability encoding to analyze the cost differences between projects competing for R&amp;D funds. The methodology involves two distinct stages: a deterministic stage and a probabilistic stage. The deterministic stage sets ground rules for comparison, compiles variables and ranges, specifies a cost model, identifies key variables by sensitivity analysis, and reviews the outcome by participants involved. The probabilistic stage determines probability distributions for the key variables and then calculates probability distributions for project costs based on the cost model and distributions of key variables. The paper then demonstrates this methodology by describing a case study step-by-step. The case study is an EPRI comparison of an integrated gasificationcombined cycle plant with a conentional coal plant with flue gas desulfurization. Finally a critique of the methodology is given.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101080,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Energy","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 177-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0165-0572(90)90013-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88476215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Major energy R&D needs 主要能源研发需求
Resources and Energy Pub Date : 1990-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/0165-0572(90)90009-8
a group of energy specialists
{"title":"Major energy R&D needs","authors":"a group of energy specialists","doi":"10.1016/0165-0572(90)90009-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0165-0572(90)90009-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the last 15 years, energy systems have experienced significant technological, economic and regulatory influences. Additional information has become available about environmental effects, and new technologies and computer methodologies have evolved to measure and modify these effects. World trade, world energy supply and economic impacts have stabilized somewhat. To deal with these changes, an attempt has been made to identify major research needs in energy exploration, extraction, processing, storage, transmission and end-use. They are aimed at helping achieve three goals: (1) energy security, both economic and strategic; (2) an efficient, or least-cost, strategy of energy supply in the long term; and (3) environmental, societal and institutional acceptability of energy technologies. The guidelines are organized under the headings of ‘Sources of energy supply’, ‘Energy end-uses’, and ‘Pervasive energy issues’. Each section is further divided into research areas which are discussed in terms of issues and research needs to address these issues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101080,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Energy","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 113-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0165-0572(90)90009-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74226412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simulating Norwegian troll gas prospects in a competitive spatial model 在竞争性空间模型中模拟挪威巨魔天然气前景
Resources and Energy Pub Date : 1989-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0165-0572(89)90004-2
Carol Dahl, Eystein Gjelsvik
{"title":"Simulating Norwegian troll gas prospects in a competitive spatial model","authors":"Carol Dahl,&nbsp;Eystein Gjelsvik","doi":"10.1016/0165-0572(89)90004-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0165-0572(89)90004-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The 1986 Troll gas agreement between Statoil and a European consortium of gas buyers is the largest ever signed in Europe. Uncertainty surrounds this most expensive North Sea gas to date with its long lead time and dependence on an unstable oil market. Uncertain contract profitability is a key concern extending to both sides of the market. Importing and exporting governments as well as those more directly involved have a keen interest in deriving the bounds such profits might have. We provide quantitative evidence on profitability for these decision makers by simulating this infusion of gas into the European gas market using a spatial model that includes both gas and oil explicitly. The model simultaneously solves for equilibrium gas prices at demand and supply regions, given transportation costs as well as supply and demand assumptions in the oil and gas markets. The model generates gas prices under alternative assumptions about oil prices; own and cross price elasticities for gas and oil; income growth and elasticities; as well as the behavior of Norway's major competitors. Combining these prices with cost information, we compute a range of rates of return for the project that vary from 7.4% to 24.8%. We find these rates of return to be highly dependent on oil prices, income growth, income elasticities, and alternative supplies of gas, but much less dependent on own and cross price elasticities for gas. Using a probability distribution derived from oil price forecasts, we find expected real rates of return to be 15.9% to 21.9%. We conclude that under our model assumptions, if contract prices are adjusted to market forces, the Troll contract appears to be quite promising.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101080,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Energy","volume":"11 1","pages":"Pages 35-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0165-0572(89)90004-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76591897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Uncertainty and the joint extraction of helium and natural gas 不确定性和氦和天然气的联合开采
Resources and Energy Pub Date : 1989-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0165-0572(89)90005-4
A.M. Hughey
{"title":"Uncertainty and the joint extraction of helium and natural gas","authors":"A.M. Hughey","doi":"10.1016/0165-0572(89)90005-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0165-0572(89)90005-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper a model of joint natural resources is developed in order to examine particular aspects of the helium industry. The importance of helium demand for the equilibria in the markets for natural gas and helium, the joint resources, is analyzed. This analysis is pursued under both conditions of certainty and helium demand uncertainty. A modified Hotelling rule is derived under conditions of uncertainty in the timing of demand for the residual resource.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101080,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Energy","volume":"11 1","pages":"Pages 65-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0165-0572(89)90005-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87686809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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