{"title":"Low-grade and manufactured aggregates — A review of prospects for utilisation","authors":"R. Collins","doi":"10.1016/0166-3097(86)90002-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-3097(86)90002-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101079,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82356925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Potential use of sludge ash as construction material","authors":"J. Tay","doi":"10.1016/0166-3097(86)90006-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-3097(86)90006-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101079,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88629209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bioconversion of organosoluble lignins by different types of fungi","authors":"A. Haars, D. Tautz, A. Hüttermann","doi":"10.1016/0166-3097(86)90005-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0166-3097(86)90005-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Technical organosoluble lignins could serve as growth substrate for several fungi of different ecotypes. Certain species of fungi increased the water solubility of the lignin, depending on the glucose concentration in the medium. The solubilization rate was increased also by successive growth of fungi on the lignin. All types of organosoluble lignin induced high activities of extracellular phenoloxidase (E.C.1.14.18.1) in cultures of white-rot fungi. The enzyme activities obtained on organosoluble lignins were higher than on lignosulfonates. Due to the action of phenoloxidases two water-soluble, acid-precipitable lignin polymerizates with different physical properties were formed. The nitrogen and glucose content in the medium plays an important role in the polymerization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101079,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0166-3097(86)90005-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89423133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recycling futures: Market prospects for waste paper in the EEC, 1980–1990","authors":"R.Kerry Turner","doi":"10.1016/0166-3097(86)90016-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0166-3097(86)90016-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Future prospects for recycling activities, and in particular for waste-paper utilisation are analysed in the light of the recent prolonged recession in the international economic system. The notion of the “socially” optimal balance between recycling and disposal is explored and used to illuminate potential future public policies concerning recycling. An input-output forecasting model is developed and calibrated in order to forecast EEC waste-paper consumption levels over the period to 1990. The model predicts that waste-paper consumption levels are unlikely to rise dramatically over the forecast period, and that the economic fortunes of the EEC waste-paper industry will continue to be primarily (though not exclusively) dependent on the health of the packaging sectors of the EEC paper and board industries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101079,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0166-3097(86)90016-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77332422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recovery of old plastic small craft","authors":"Mikael Backman, Karl Lidgren","doi":"10.1016/0166-3097(86)90012-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0166-3097(86)90012-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The products of today are the waste of tomorrow. Certainly this is not in everybody's mind when buying a new TV-set, a sofa or a boat, but nevertheless it is the truth.</p><p>This paper deals with plastic small craft (boats). The focus is not on the boats, but on the material: fibreglass-reinforced plastics. This is a construction material developed during the Second World War, but it was not until the 1960's that it came into general usage. Nowadays, the material is increasingly used in the transportation sector, a fact which can be attributed to the call for a reduction in fuel consumption by a decrease in weight. However, in the long run, this development is a threat to today's well-functioning systems for recycling old vehicles.</p><p>Even if old plastic small craft can be considered as a marginal problem in most countries, the material they are built of is not, at least not from a waste-handling point of view. In order to reduce demand for landfill space, finding ways of recycling fibreglassreinforced plastics is a challenge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101079,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0166-3097(86)90012-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89799418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Future waste treatment in Sweden - a combination of methods to conserve resources and improve the environment","authors":"Håkan Rylander","doi":"10.1016/0166-3097(86)90011-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0166-3097(86)90011-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During the period 1982–1985, the Swedish Association of Public Cleansing and Solid Waste Management and the National Swedish Environment Protection Board cooperated on a project entitled, “Operation Studies of Solid Waste Management”, abbreviated to DRAV. This project was completed in October, 1985. As a result of the project, and of the attention that has been focused on Swedish waste treatment in the media, the Association and its Board decided that it is important to present the views of this interest group on waste treatment in the future, and to give an account of their aims and opinions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101079,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0166-3097(86)90011-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78947562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The economics of recycling — a matter of life for death for the recovery sector in the 1980s and 1990s","authors":"Karl Lidgren","doi":"10.1016/0166-3097(86)90009-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0166-3097(86)90009-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper is a discussion of recycling - as a goal or means. The discussion leads to the conclusion that recycling might be an instrument to achieve other aims. The role of recycling in the total material flow of society is also penetrated.</p><p>The economy of recycling is separated into internal and external economies, and the different parts are examined. This is developed into a discussion of the prospects for recycling to the year 2000, with corresponding comments being given as to external recycling.</p><p>The problem of whether central sorting plants should be established and managed on a subsidised basis is discussed. The common question of whether to recycle paper into energy or into material is also treated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101079,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0166-3097(86)90009-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84676517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sanitary landfills as a location for refuse treatment facilities: Composting and material separation","authors":"R. Knop","doi":"10.1016/0166-3097(86)90015-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0166-3097(86)90015-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper describes the installation and testing of a device to separate household refuse on the landfill site into saleable materials such as paper, glass, metal, a cover material, after decomposition, and a small amount of remainder. The simple and flexible system, with a throughput of 12–14 Mg/h, consists in the main of a drum sieve and a handsorting belt.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101079,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0166-3097(86)90015-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72840222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Waste handling and recovery in Finland","authors":"Mikko Talola","doi":"10.1016/0166-3097(86)90013-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0166-3097(86)90013-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The essential features of waste management in Finland are reviewed, including quantity, composition, containers and transport. Present methods of material and energy recovery are reviewed. Finland has some unique characteristics in terms of density of population and industrial practices. Present problems in waste management are described, together with possible strategies for future improvement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101079,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0166-3097(86)90013-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88405042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Refuse composition projections and recycling technology","authors":"A.V. Bridgwater","doi":"10.1016/0166-3097(86)90008-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0166-3097(86)90008-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>MSW composition in the UK has changed significantly since detailed records were initiated in the 1930's and 1940's. While composition changes do not materially affect waste disposal by landfill and incineration, there is a potential adverse effect on the efficiency and costs of solid waste recycling operations such as RDF production. No medium- to long-term composition projections have been found, and this paper presents the first results from collation and time trend analysis of U.K. MSW compositions. S-curves are generally found to give the most acceptable correlations both in terms of goodness of fit and suitability for long-term forecasting. Refuse compositions, quantities and heating values are forecast up to 50 years ahead. In such a time period solid-waste management techniques are likely to reorientate towards recycling rather than disposal. Speculative and provocative forecasts of waste management techniques up to 100 years ahead are included to attract attention to the opportunities offered in this sector.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101079,"journal":{"name":"Resources and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0166-3097(86)90008-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77400426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}