{"title":"Some remarks on the hazard functions of the inverted distributions","authors":"Anwar Khalil Sheikh, Munir Ahmad, Zulfiqar Ali","doi":"10.1016/0143-8174(87)90057-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-8174(87)90057-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The probability models of reciprocals of normal, Gamma and Weibull variates are called inverted normal, inverted Gamma and inverted Weibull distributions respectively. These distributions arise naturally in the study of certain stochastic processes causing wear-out failures of mechanical systems.<sup>1–4</sup> In this paper characteristic features of the hazard functions based on this inverted class of distributions are discussed and their possible uses are explored. Hazard functions and mean residual life of inverted normal, inverted Gamma and inverted Weibull are compared with the normal, Gamma and Weibull hazards.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101070,"journal":{"name":"Reliability Engineering","volume":"19 4","pages":"Pages 255-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-8174(87)90057-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72643307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An initial appraisal of the event-tree methodology used in the Angra 1 nuclear power station probabilistic safety assessment","authors":"P.F. Frutuoso e Melo, J.E. Lima, L.F. Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/0143-8174(87)90040-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-8174(87)90040-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The event-tree analyses of the Angra 1 nuclear power plant probabilistic safety assessment were performed by means of the explicit method of event-tree modelling of shared-equipment dependencies, from which some insights were drawn. At first, we discuss in this paper the effects of collapsing equal impact vectors (from the quantification point of view also). The second feature discussed is related to a critical analysis of the dependency matrix concept in view of a counterpart to it—namely, the GO methodology in the context of modelling intersystem dependencies. Finally, we discuss the possibility of using our computerized event-tree analysis methodology for assessing the unavailability of the involved standby safety systems, most of which are recognized to be noncoherent structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101070,"journal":{"name":"Reliability Engineering","volume":"17 3","pages":"Pages 165-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-8174(87)90040-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83125930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fitting software failure data with stochastic models","authors":"I.P. Schagen , M.M. Sallih","doi":"10.1016/0143-8174(87)90010-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-8174(87)90010-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Examination of data on software failure reveals that models which assume continuous reliability growth are not accurate. Simulation models incorporating more realistic assumptions have given results in closer accord with the data. Both the simulation models and the real data can be fitted by a simple logistic model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101070,"journal":{"name":"Reliability Engineering","volume":"17 2","pages":"Pages 111-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-8174(87)90010-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86571572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An event-based multiple malfunction model","authors":"P. Dörre","doi":"10.1016/0143-8174(87)90086-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-8174(87)90086-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A new parametric model for common cause failure quantification in reliability analysis is described. Although formally similar to the Multiple Greek Letter model, its parameters are based on event frequencies, not on component failure frequencies. The model is defined in terms of its inputs from event data evaluation and its outputs which correspond to fault tree basic events.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101070,"journal":{"name":"Reliability Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":"Pages 73-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-8174(87)90086-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77451843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characteristics of Birnbaum and Saunders model","authors":"Muhammad Younas, Anwar Khalil Sheikh","doi":"10.1016/0143-8174(87)90004-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-8174(87)90004-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fatigue failure occurs when some dominant crack or cracks in a component extend to a critical level under the application of cyclic loading. By using the theory of stochastic processes Birnbaum and Saunders proposed a probability model to characterize the time (i.e., the number of cycles) required to propagate a fatigue crack past a critical value. The model is phenomenologically quite sound and provides a probabilistic interpretation of Miner's rule. In statistical literature a thorough treatment of the model is missing. For example, no work has been reported about the renewal and related functions of this model. This paper presents: (i) a summary of some known characteristics of the model; (ii) parameter estimation methods, and K-S test statistics for the model validation; (iii) the nature of hazard function in terms of the coefficient of life variation; (iv) the renewal function, renewal rate function and variance of number of renewals in graphical form; and (v) a comparison of a typical set of various functions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101070,"journal":{"name":"Reliability Engineering","volume":"19 3","pages":"Pages 201-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-8174(87)90004-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76501171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dominant mechanisms in stochastic plastic frames","authors":"L.K. Tang, R.E. Melchers","doi":"10.1016/0143-8174(87)90025-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-8174(87)90025-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In structural system reliability analysis it is usually assumed that the elastic properties of the members are deterministic while the loading parameters and/or member resistances are assumed to be stochastic in nature. Theoretically, all potential modes of failure must be considered in an estimation of system failure probability. In reality, however, the probability of occurrence of many of these failure modes is so low, compared with the structural system failure probability, that they make only an insignificant contribution, and hence can be neglected. Thus it is usually sufficient to consider only the so-called dominant failure modes in a system reliability calculation.</p><p>For rigid frames composed of ideal plastic or elastic-plastic material the dominant failure modes of interest in the reliability assessment are drawn from the set of all plastic collapse mechanisms. Several empirical procedures have been previously developed to enumerate these dominant mechanisms with varying degree of success. Although in principle it is possible to enumerate all dominant modes relative to some criteria, in practice no method has yet proved to be applicable to large frames, and the validity of the identified mechanisms is often uncertain.</p><p>This paper proposes a modification of the existing truncated enumeration method (TEM) applied to plastic frames. An example is demonstrated, and the results compared to other methods recently developed. The results show that almost all the dominant mechanisms may be successfully found. The proposed procedure can be systematically programmed and may be applied to estimate reliability of large structural systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101070,"journal":{"name":"Reliability Engineering","volume":"18 2","pages":"Pages 101-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-8174(87)90025-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87211755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reliability of Subsea BOP systems","authors":"Per Holand, Marvin Rausand","doi":"10.1016/0143-8174(87)90058-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-8174(87)90058-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A comprehensive study of Subsea Blowout Preventer (BOP) performance in the North Sea between 1978 and 1986 has been carried out to identify BOP reliability problems. Reliability of the BOP as a barrier against blowouts has been assessed together with rig downtime caused by BOP failures and malfunctions. An overall conclusion from the study is that the BOP reliability has improved significantly during the last few years.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101070,"journal":{"name":"Reliability Engineering","volume":"19 4","pages":"Pages 263-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-8174(87)90058-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136980826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cost limit replacement policy under imperfect repair","authors":"W.Y. Yun, D.S. Bai","doi":"10.1016/0143-8174(87)90017-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-8174(87)90017-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A repair cost limit policy is studied for a system whose repair cost can be estimated by inspection. When a system fails, the repair cost is estimated and repair is undertaken if the estimated cost is less than a predetermined limit L; otherwise, the system is replaced. After repair, the system is as good as new with (<span><math><mtext>1−p</mtext></math></span>) or is minimally repaired with p. The s-expected cost rate is used as a criterion for optimization. The existence and uniqueness of optimum L are studied for the case of Weibull time-to-failure distribution and negative exponential repair cost distribution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101070,"journal":{"name":"Reliability Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":"Pages 23-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-8174(87)90017-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74250678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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