Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977)最新文献_第4页

Irradiation of municipal sludge for agricultural use 农业用城市污泥的辐照处理

Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90243-2

Scott B. Ahlstrom

{"title":"Irradiation of municipal sludge for agricultural use","authors":"Scott B. Ahlstrom","doi":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90243-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90243-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Research has demonstrated that irradiation is an effective means for reducing pathogens in sewage sludge to levels where sludge reuse in public areas meets criteria for protection of the public health. Complementary research has demonstrated the value of the irradiated sludge in both agronomic and animal science applications.The benefits of sludge application to cropland are well documented. The irradiation process does not increase the extractability and plant uptake of a broad range of nutrients and heavy metals from sludge-amended soils. However, it does eliminate the hazards associated with pathogen contamination when applying sludge to agricultural land. Irradiated sludge has also been evaluated as a supplemental foodstuff for cattle and sheep. The data indicate that products derived from raw sewage may have a substantial nutritive value for ruminant animals.Irradiation of sewage sludge is a practical means of sludge disinfection. Where a highly disinfected sludge is required, it should be considered as a viable sludge management alternative. Evaluation of sludge irradiation technology and its associated costs must be done with consideration of other sludge treatment processes to develop an acceptable sludge management system.</div>","PeriodicalId":101054,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977)","volume":"25 1","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-5724(85)90243-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53763214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

A new multipurpose gamma-irradiation facility 一个新的多用途伽玛辐照设施

Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90219-5

G. Huebner

引用次数: 1

Electron capture in irradiated gases—recent developments 辐照气体中的电子俘获——最新进展

Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90211-0

P. Popp, J. Leonhardt, J.I. Baumbach

引用次数: 2

Aspects of radiation-induced charge accumulation in dielectrics 电介质中辐射诱导电荷积累的若干方面

Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90214-6

U. Decker, L. Richter, J. Bo¨s

引用次数: 4

The contract facilities for gamma irradiation at Dagneux, France 位于法国达涅克斯的伽马射线辐照合同设施

Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90150-5

D. Pellerin , M.T. Kavanagh

引用次数: 1

Clear, flame-retardant, radiation cross-linked, polyolefin heat- shrinkable tubing 透明，阻燃，辐射交联，聚烯烃热缩管

Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90168-2

K. Ueno

引用次数: 4

Response of radiation monitoring labels to gamma rays and electrons 辐射监测标签对伽马射线和电子的响应

Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90157-8

F.Abdel Rahim , A. Miller , W.L. McLaughlin

{"title":"Response of radiation monitoring labels to gamma rays and electrons","authors":"F.Abdel Rahim , A. Miller , W.L. McLaughlin","doi":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90157-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90157-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Many kinds of coated or impregnated reflecting papers change color or become colored by large radiation doses. Such papers or “labels” do not generally supply dosimetry information, but may give useful inventory information, namely a visual indication of whether or not an industrial product or location has been irradiated to high doses. Among labels available worldwide, a few are suitable for indicating absorbed dose regions of slightly less than 104 Gy (< 1 Mrad), and some are intended for monitoring high dose ranges (i.e., sterilization dose levels of > 104 Gy or > 1 Mrad), and in some cases even up to very high dose regions (∼105 to 106 Gy or ∼10 to 100 Mrad). Only one labels which is expected to be commercially available, was studied for lower dose levels, 101-103 Gy (1-100 krad), namely one based on polymerization of diacetylene. Tests of stability, sensitivity of ambient light, and differences in dose rate and radiation type (gamma rays and electron beams) were made on 15 kinds of labels. The results show that, for many types of indicators, diverse effects may give misleading conclusions unless countermeasures are taken. For example, some of the most commonly used labels, which contain dyes that indicate changes of pH due to release of halogen from halogenated substrates, have limited shelf life and must be protected from extreme environmental conditions. Some also show a marked rate dependence of response. Readings of color reflection optical densities on labels or long paper strips permit somewhat more precise discrimination of dose levels, and may sometimes be useful for monitoring differences in local dose distributions or area monitoring of radiation damage probabilities around particle accelerators or large radionuclide sources.</div>","PeriodicalId":101054,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977)","volume":"25 4","pages":"Pages 767-775"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-5724(85)90157-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53760180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Dosimetry and dose distribution in cesium-137 irradiation unit used at the Eastern Regional Research Center 东部区域研究中心铯-137辐照装置的剂量学和剂量分布

Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90159-1

James J. Shieh, Ronald K. Jenkins, Eugen Wierbicki

{"title":"Dosimetry and dose distribution in cesium-137 irradiation unit used at the Eastern Regional Research Center","authors":"James J. Shieh, Ronald K. Jenkins, Eugen Wierbicki","doi":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90159-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90159-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div>A self-contained, cesium-137 Research Irradiator with the strength of approximately 147, 000 Ci is located at the Eastern Regional Research Center (ERRC). When the irradiator was installed, the absorbed dose in a reference position of the irradiation field was calibrated and the absorbed doses in other locations of the irradiation field relative to the calibrated positions were measured to map its irradiation field. Self-read pocket dosimeters for gamma-ray were calibrated with a 120 M Ci Calibration Cs-137 source which delivered about 50 mR exposure during a 20-min irradiation at 50 cm from the source. A ferrous sulfate/cupric sulfate solution was used to calibrate the dosimetry of the irradiation chamber which holds three number 10 cans (16 cm inside diameter X 17.5 cm height each). At 20-min exposure, Dmax:Dmin = 1.35, except at the top and bottom <math><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>3</mtext></math> portions of the cans, all positions received a more or less uniform dose (about 0.13 kGy/min) during irradiation. A straight line of total dose (kGy) vs time (min) was constructed following the equation y = 0.127 + 0.137 with r = 0.99, where y is the total dose, and x is time. Radiochromic films and PVC strips were also used to monitor the irradiation operation after comparing results obtained from the chemical dosimeter. Two equations were constructed, respectively, as follows: y = 0.0091x + 0.0015 with r = 0.99, where y = absorbance and x = time (min), and y' = 0.0041x' + 0.0185 with r = 0.99, where y' = absorbance and x' = time (min). Controlled environment is important when such chemical and solid state dosimeters are used during irradiation at subfreezing, refrigerated, or ambient temperature conditions; the equipment has this capability.</div>","PeriodicalId":101054,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977)","volume":"25 4","pages":"Pages 779-792"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-5724(85)90159-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53760306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Radiation-induced chemical reactions of carbon monoxide and hydrogen mixture—II. Effects of reactant pressure and temperature on the yields of oxygen containing products 辐射诱导一氧化碳和氢气混合物的化学反应- ii。反应物压力和温度对含氧产物产率的影响

Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90113-X

Shun'ichi Sugimoto, Masanobu Nishii, Toshio Sugiura

{"title":"Radiation-induced chemical reactions of carbon monoxide and hydrogen mixture—II. Effects of reactant pressure and temperature on the yields of oxygen containing products","authors":"Shun'ichi Sugimoto, Masanobu Nishii, Toshio Sugiura","doi":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90113-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90113-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The radiation chemical reaction of CO-H2 mixture up to 8.4 x 105 Pa has been studied. The G values of oxygen containing organic compounds except methanol increased with increasing total pressure of reactant. The G values of most of products except trioxane and tetraoxane were increased with raising of temperature in the range from 210 to 350 K, while the G values of trioxane and tetraoxane reached the maxima at 243 K and decreased rapidly with raising of temperature. From the dependencies of G values of these cyclic ethers on pressure and temperature of the reactant, it is considered that these cyclic ethers produced from the neutralization reaction of HCO+ (CO)n cluster ions with electrons in an atmosphere of relatively large amount of hydrogen. The effects of CO content on G values of products did not change with the pressure change of the reactant.</div>","PeriodicalId":101054,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977)","volume":"26 6","pages":"Pages 715-721"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-5724(85)90113-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53757391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Radiation grafted adhesive primers 辐射接枝胶粘剂

Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90127-X

J.T. Simpson

引用次数: 5