Physiological Plant Pathology最新文献_第6页

Retardation of Fusarium wilt symptoms in tomato by pre- and post-inoculation treatments of the roots and aerial parts of the host in hot water 用热水对番茄根茎和地上部进行接种前后处理，延缓番茄枯萎病的发生

Physiological Plant Pathology Pub Date : 1985-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0048-4059(85)90018-9

M. Anchisi, Mara Gennari, A. Matta

{"title":"Retardation of Fusarium wilt symptoms in tomato by pre- and post-inoculation treatments of the roots and aerial parts of the host in hot water","authors":"M. Anchisi, Mara Gennari, A. Matta","doi":"10.1016/0048-4059(85)90018-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0048-4059(85)90018-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The effects of hot water treatments of the roots, aerial parts or entire plant of tomato on the severity of Fusarium wilt symptoms was investigated.Symptoms developing following root inoculation were markedly delayed by treatment of the roots or of the entire plant at time-temperature combinations which caused some cell death to parts of the root system. Treatments at 48–49°C for 30 sec were the least severe of the treatments which gave protection. Protection was not effective against stem inoculations but was associated with a reduction in stem colonization. Plants showed some degree of systemic protection against a root inoculation following heat treatment of the aerial parts at 48–49°C for 30 s, but to a lesser extent than that induced by root treatments. The highest levels of protection were obtained when roots or aerial parts were treated 12–48 h before root inoculation. Only the root treatments were effective when applied 48 h after inoculation. Drastic pruning of roots did not reduce the effectiveness of the heat treatment and in fact root pruning itself induced some protection.The protection induced by the hot water treatments seems to depend on a transient state of resistance, which is similar to that induced by some biotic elicitors.</div>","PeriodicalId":101028,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Plant Pathology","volume":"26 2","pages":"Pages 175-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0048-4059(85)90018-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79724931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Phytoalexin formation in cell cultures of Dianthus caryophyllus treated by an extract from the culture medium of Phytophthora parasitica 用疫霉培养基提取物处理石竹细胞培养时植物抗菌素的形成

Physiological Plant Pathology Pub Date : 1985-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0048-4059(85)90015-3

L. Gay

引用次数: 0

Determination of toxin distribution in Alternaria leaf spot diseased tissue by radioimmunoassay 放射线免疫法测定稻瘟病组织中毒素的分布

Physiological Plant Pathology Pub Date : 1985-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0048-4059(85)90024-4

Klaus Günther Tietjen , Dieter Hammer , Ulrich Matern

{"title":"Determination of toxin distribution in Alternaria leaf spot diseased tissue by radioimmunoassay","authors":"Klaus Günther Tietjen , Dieter Hammer , Ulrich Matern","doi":"10.1016/0048-4059(85)90024-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0048-4059(85)90024-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>A radioimmunoassay for the phytotoxin brefeldin A has been developed employing [7-3H] brefeldin A and an antiserum raised against 7-dehydrobrefeldin A conjugated to bovine serum albumine. The antisera allowed the determination of as little as 1 pmol of toxin and had a similar affinity for both 7-epi-brefeldin A and 7-dehydrobrefeldin A. Several other compounds, including some with structures similar to brefeldin A and certain toxins from other Alternaria species, were bound by the antiserum but at least 6000-fold less strongly than brefeldin A.The radioimmunoassay was used to determine the amounts of brefeldin A in leaf tissues adjacent to and distant from the inoculation site in safflower leaves inoculated with the pathogen Alternaria carthami or with the non-pathogens Ascochyta imperfecta and Eupenicillium brefeldianum. High concentrations of brefeldin A, up to approximately 3 mM, accumulated in leaf tissues over a period of 17 days after inoculation with A. carthami. The other two fungi, although able to produce large quantities of brefeldin A in stationary culture, did not accumulate it in inoculated leaves and the small amount of toxin present with the inoculum disappeared with time. Alternaria carthami, on the other hand, failed to accumulate the toxin when inoculated onto leaves of Zinnia elegans, Helianthus annus, Calendula officinalis or Lactuca sativa.These results support our earlier hypothesis that efficient production of brefeldin A is a factor in the mechanism of infection of safflower tissue by the pathogen A. carthami.</div>","PeriodicalId":101028,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Plant Pathology","volume":"26 2","pages":"Pages 241-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0048-4059(85)90024-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76573790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Effect of Helminthosporium sacchari-toxin on cell membrane potential of susceptible sugarcane 糖毒素对感病甘蔗细胞膜电位的影响

Physiological Plant Pathology Pub Date : 1985-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0048-4059(85)90017-7

Hennrik Schröter, Anton Novacky, Vladimir Macko

{"title":"Effect of Helminthosporium sacchari-toxin on cell membrane potential of susceptible sugarcane","authors":"Hennrik Schröter, Anton Novacky, Vladimir Macko","doi":"10.1016/0048-4059(85)90017-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0048-4059(85)90017-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The effect of the host-specific toxin produced by Helminthosporium sacchari (HS-toxin) on cell membrane potential of susceptible sugarcane was investigated. Membrane depolarization was detected at concentrations as low as 50 nm HS-toxin. The onset of membrane depolarization was observed after a lag phase of 4–10 min depending on the toxin concentration.The energy-dependent component of membrane potential (Em–p) was inhibited by the toxin. However, membrane repolarized, i.e. Em–p, was re-established after removing the toxin from the bathing solution. At low toxin concentrations Em–p was lost in the dark but was partially recovered in the light and more fully in the light with the addition of fusicoccin.The HS-toxin-induced membrane depolarization was prevented by temperatures above 30°C but subsequent lowering of temperature to 26°C resulted in membrane depolarization. Treatments with a nontoxic lower homologue of HS-toxin (lacking one galactose unit in the molecule) protected cells against HS-toxin-induced membrane depolarization. Pretreatments of tissues with galactose or raffinose did not prevent HS-toxin-induced depolarization.It is postulated that HS-toxin is causing a loss of H+ gradient across the plasmalemma. However, it is unlikely that the H+ pump is the site of the toxin action since in the presence of the toxin the pump can be activated by light and fusicoccin.</div>","PeriodicalId":101028,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Plant Pathology","volume":"26 2","pages":"Pages 165-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0048-4059(85)90017-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84764730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Influence of preformed characteristics of lemon peel on susceptibility to Geotrichum candidum 柠檬皮预制特性对铁皮土曲菌敏感性的影响

Physiological Plant Pathology Pub Date : 1985-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0048-4059(85)90016-5

A.B.A.M. Baudoin , J.W. Eckert

{"title":"Influence of preformed characteristics of lemon peel on susceptibility to Geotrichum candidum","authors":"A.B.A.M. Baudoin , J.W. Eckert","doi":"10.1016/0048-4059(85)90016-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0048-4059(85)90016-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Hyphal growth and polygalacturonase liberation by Geotrichum candidum in wounds in the peel of resistant and susceptible lemons were similar for 10 h after inoculation; a stimulation of hyphal growth and polygalacturonase activity in susceptible fruit was detected after 15 h. The infectivity of the inoculum was increased by the addition of sterile macerating enzymes of the pathogen, but not by addition of nutrients. No evidence was found that preformed factors in resistant lemons limited fungal growth or liberation of polygalacturonase. Sterile macerating enzyme preparations injected into the albedo produced more maceration in yellow or turgid fruits, which are relatively susceptible to infection, than in the more resistant, light green or subturgid fruits. Albedo tissue strength (by penetrometer) of light green fruits was higher and remained higher during the maceration process than in yellow fruits, even though the rate of tissue softening was slightly faster in the former. The effect of macerating enzymes on potassium leakage from albedo cells paralleled their effect on tissue strength.</div>","PeriodicalId":101028,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Plant Pathology","volume":"26 2","pages":"Pages 151-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0048-4059(85)90016-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75146767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

The production of certain cell wall-degrading enzymes by Leptosphaeria maculans in culture and in stem canker lesions of oilseed rape 黄斑细螺旋体在培养和油菜茎溃疡病中产生某些细胞壁降解酶

Physiological Plant Pathology Pub Date : 1985-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0048-4059(85)90019-0

Christopher J. Easton, Stephen Rossall

引用次数: 26

Toxicity and role of terpenoid phytoalexins in verticillium wilt resistance in cotton 萜类抗菌素在棉花抗黄萎病中的毒性及作用

Physiological Plant Pathology Pub Date : 1985-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0048-4059(85)90021-9

M.E. Mace, R.D. Stipanovic, A.A. Bell

{"title":"Toxicity and role of terpenoid phytoalexins in verticillium wilt resistance in cotton","authors":"M.E. Mace, R.D. Stipanovic, A.A. Bell","doi":"10.1016/0048-4059(85)90021-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0048-4059(85)90021-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Hemigossypol (HG), methoxyhemigossypol (MHG), desoxyhemigossypol (dHG) and desoxymethoxyhemigossypol (dMHG), the four major terpenoids formed in the stem stele of Verticillium dahliae-infected, wilt-resistant Seabrook Sea Island (SBSI) cotton, were tested at pH 6·3–7·5 in liquid nutrient media for toxicity to V. dahliae. The terpenoids dHG, HG, dMHG, and MHG at 25 °C killed all conidia after 18–40 h at 10, 45, 25 and 60 μg ml−1, respectively; and all mycelia after 48 h at 15, 32, 25 and 45 μg ml−1, respectively. Inhibition of conidia germination also occurred at concentrations well below the fungicidal concentrations. Dimethylsulfoxide at 2 or 5% was required to solubilize HG, MHG and dMHG at fungicidal concentrations. Only dHG had the water solubility apparently required to reach fingicidal concentration in the aqueous medium of infected xylem vessels and thus account for the death of V. dahliae conidia and mycelia in most infected vessels in the stem stele of SBSI cotton 10 days after inoculation. The dHG in the stem stele at 10 days after inoculation was in excess of fungicidal concentration.</div>","PeriodicalId":101028,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Plant Pathology","volume":"26 2","pages":"Pages 209-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0048-4059(85)90021-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84429984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 47

Production of low molecular weight carboxylic acids by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in relation to the amino acid composition of the medium and their possible involvement in pathogenesis 油菜黄单胞菌产低分子量羧酸的研究。Campestris与培养基的氨基酸组成及其可能参与的发病机制有关

Physiological Plant Pathology Pub Date : 1985-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0048-4059(85)90022-0

D.J. Robeson, D.R. Cook

{"title":"Production of low molecular weight carboxylic acids by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in relation to the amino acid composition of the medium and their possible involvement in pathogenesis","authors":"D.J. Robeson, D.R. Cook","doi":"10.1016/0048-4059(85)90022-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0048-4059(85)90022-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div>A major component of cultures of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris grown on Watanabe broth was crystallized as colourless needles and identified as trans-3-methylthioacrylic acid. A second major component of the same culture filtrates was purified by high performance liquid chromatography and identified as 3-methylthiopropionic acid. Radiolabelling experiments with [14C] and [35S] methionine gave approximately equally high levels of incorporation of radioactivity into the two above acids. When the amount of methionine suppleid to cultures was increased or decreased above or below that of Watanabe broth, a corresponding change in levels of production of these acids resulted. Neither 3-methylthiopropionic acid nor trans-3-methylthioacrylic acid was detected in cultures when methionine was omitted from the medium. When, for example, the amino acids leucine and phenylalanine were substituted for methionine, other carboxylic acids including isovaleric and phynylacetic acids were detected in cultures of the bacteria. The various carboxylic acid biotransformation products of X. campestris pv. campestris were bioassayed against protoplasts and seedlings of cabbage. All compounds expressed only weak phytotoxicity when prepared in unbuffered media and phytotoxicity was effectively eliminated by supplying the compounds under test in buffered solution at pH 6·5. Benzoic acid and 3-methylthiopropionic acid, which are structurally dissimilar but which possess similar pKas, expressed similar degrees of activity. Contrarily, both within and between the various carboxylic acids tested there was good correlation between level of activity expressed and pH of the treatment solution.</div>","PeriodicalId":101028,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Plant Pathology","volume":"26 2","pages":"Pages 219-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0048-4059(85)90022-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74077402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

The occurrence of cytoplasmic aggregates induced by Erysiphe pisi in barley coleoptile cells before the host cell walls are penetrated 大麦胚芽鞘细胞在穿透寄主细胞壁之前，由赤霉素诱导的细胞质聚集体的发生

Physiological Plant Pathology Pub Date : 1985-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0048-4059(85)90020-7

Hitoshi Kunoh , James R. Aist , Akio Hayashimoto

{"title":"The occurrence of cytoplasmic aggregates induced by Erysiphe pisi in barley coleoptile cells before the host cell walls are penetrated","authors":"Hitoshi Kunoh , James R. Aist , Akio Hayashimoto","doi":"10.1016/0048-4059(85)90020-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0048-4059(85)90020-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The timing of formation of cytoplasmic aggregates induced by Erysiphe pisi appressoria in barley coleoptiles, and wall penetration by the appressoria, was investigated by light microscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) micromanipulation. Observations of E. pisi appressoria on living barley coleoptiles by light microscopy revealed the unique responses of host cells to this fungus: first, a small cytoplasmic aggregate formed below the appressorium, lasted for 20·9 ± 15·4 min, then vanished. After a further interval of 42·7 ± 21·0 min, a second cytoplasmic aggregate developed below the same appressorial lobe. At 21·4 ± 7·5 min after the initiation of the second cytoplasmic aggregate, a penetration-pore-like structure became visible in the lobe. Scanning electron microscope micromanipulation indicated that the penetration-pore-like structure observed by light microscopy represented the penetration pore or peg produced by the fungal appressorium. Observations of appressoria by differential interference contrast microscopy and micromanipulation at the SEM level lead us to conclude that the first and second cytoplasmic aggregates were initiated before the host wall was penetrated.</div>","PeriodicalId":101028,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Plant Pathology","volume":"26 2","pages":"Pages 199-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0048-4059(85)90020-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78992594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 36

Some characteristics of the association of the 116 kD protein with host chromatin in tobacco leaves infected with tobacco mosaic virus 烟草花叶病毒侵染烟草叶片中116 kD蛋白与寄主染色质关联的一些特性

Physiological Plant Pathology Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0048-4059(85)90033-5

H.J. Van Telgen, E.J. Van Der Zaal, L.C. Van Loon

{"title":"Some characteristics of the association of the 116 kD protein with host chromatin in tobacco leaves infected with tobacco mosaic virus","authors":"H.J. Van Telgen, E.J. Van Der Zaal, L.C. Van Loon","doi":"10.1016/0048-4059(85)90033-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0048-4059(85)90033-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The production of the new 116 kD protein and its association with host chromatin in mosaic-diseased leaves of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infected tobacco was investigated. Whereas TMV was detected by ELISA in systemically infected leaves, 96 h after inoculation the 116 kD protein was not detectable until between 120 and 144h after. The accumulation of 116 kD protein appeared to coincide with the first visible appearance of symptoms (vein clearing). It was present both in the soluble protein and in the sedimentable membrane fractions but since its concentration in nuclei was about eight-fold higher than in the cytoplasm, it appears to be preferentially associated with chromatin. Moreover, its dissociation from the chromatin rewuired salt, in contrast to TMV coat protein which was released by urea only indicating that it is bound more tightly to chromatin than TMV coat protein is. Its close association with chromatin suggests that it may play a regulatory role in pathogenesis and symptom expression in developing leaves.</div>","PeriodicalId":101028,"journal":{"name":"Physiological Plant Pathology","volume":"26 1","pages":"Pages 99-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0048-4059(85)90033-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89432291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11