Oil and Chemical Pollution最新文献

{"title":"The effect of a louisiana crude oil discharge from a pipeline break on the vegetation of a Southeast Louisiana brackish marsh","authors":"Irving A. Mendelssohn ,&nbsp;Mark W. Hester ,&nbsp;Charles Sasser ,&nbsp;Marion Fischel","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80031-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80031-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A pipeline break on 23 April 1985 near Nairn, Louisiana, resulted in the release of approximately 300 barrels of Louisiana crude oil into a brackish marsh dominated by a vegetative mixture of <em>Spartina patens, S. alterniflora</em> and <em>Distichlis spicata</em>. Since the impact of oil spills on brackish marshes has received little attention, we initiated this investigation to assess the post-spill status of the vegetation. Sixty-eight randomly selected plots located on 15 transects which traverse the complete study area were sampled for various vegetative cover parameters. The major impact of the spill was confined to the 50-acre (20-ha) marsh located immediately around the pipeline rupture. The oil caused a 64% reduction in live vegetative cover (adjusted for differences in total percentage cover among plots) in this marsh 3 months after the spill. This high plant mortality from a relatively low oil dosage (estimated at 0·28 liters/m²) was probably due to the contact of the oil with a large percentage (about 30–70%) of the photosynthetic leaf surfaces of the vegetation and the penetration of the oil into the marsh substrate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80031-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89458769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The water solubility of crude oils and petroleum products","authors":"Wan Ying Shiu ,&nbsp;Mark Bobra ,&nbsp;Alice M. Bobra ,&nbsp;Aila Maijanen ,&nbsp;Leena Suntio ,&nbsp;Donald Mackay","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80034-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80034-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Solubilities are reported for 42 crude oil and petroleum products in water as a function of temperature, salinity, oil weathering and water-to-oil volume ratio. The applicability of several analytical techniques (purge-and-trap gas chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography, and fluorescence) for the determination of dissolved hydrocarbon concentrations is discussed critically. The effect of water-to-oil volume ratio on the apparent solubility of oils in water is discussed in detail.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 57-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80034-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79373786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publisher's announcement","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80042-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80042-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"7 4","pages":"Page iii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80042-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134687130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in recent sediments of two transversal transects in the middle part of the adriatic sea","authors":"Josip Dujmov,&nbsp;Perica Sučevié","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80001-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80001-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were examined in surface sediments from the open Adriatic Sea. UV-fluorescence spectroscopy was used for the analysis, and continued emission spectra were scanned for the lower and higher aromatic fractions. The samples were collected in three seasons, December 1986, May 1987 and September 1987 on two transects between Yugoslavia and Italy. Higher values were found near the Italian coast. From spectral line shapes it is evident that there was no local source of pollution and that PAH are of petrogenic and pyrolytic origin. The spatial distribution of PAH contents is in good agreement with the dispersion pattern of recent sediments of the Adriatic Sea.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 241-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80001-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90007956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of crude oils for environmental purposes","authors":"Per S. Daling,&nbsp;Per Johan Brandvik,&nbsp;Donald Mackay,&nbsp;Oistein Johansen","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80027-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80027-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A new approach for predicting the behaviour of oil spilled on the sea has recently been developed at IKU, Sintef-Group. The approach includes an extensive laboratory investigation of an oil's properties when exposed to weathering. Parameters especially tested are the tendency of the oil to form water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion (mousse), and the susceptibility of the w/oemulsion or water-free weathered oil to disperse using oil spill dispersants. The laboratory results are transformed to field conditions in a numerical model which predicts the rate of weathering processes at sea under different weather conditions. The computer system displays graphical chartsfor the development of each property with time, and estimates the ‘time window’ e.g. for effective application of dispersants under a chosen set of sea conditions. The system may represent an important tool, for contingency planning andfor ‘on-scene’ commanders to facilitate decision-making concerning the use of different countermeasure techniques during oil spill combat operations. This approach may form the basis for a standard method for future characterization of the weathering properties of different oil types which may be spilled under a variety of environmental conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 199-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80027-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82722640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradation of crude oil in experimentally-polluted clayey and sandy mangrove soils","authors":"P. Scherrer,&nbsp;G. Mille","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80022-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80022-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Comparative study of oil biodegradation in clayey and sandy mangrove soils shows that, during their emergence period, microorganism activity is related to the soil water content. Drying beyond a certain point prevents good nutrient circulation which may lead to a lack of nutrients at the soil-oil interface. An oleophilic fertiliser supplies nutrients which stimulate the biodegradation process. When the soil is swamped, oxygen is the main limiting factor for biodegradation. Thus, water level variation and soil porosity determine conditions which control the biodegradation activity of aerobic microorganisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 163-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80022-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91630395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in recent sediments of two transversal transects in the middle part of the adriatic sea","authors":"Jozo Dujmov, Perica Sučevié","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80001-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80001-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"82 1","pages":"241-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79339897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorescence spectroscopic studies of differential accumulation of aromatic hydrocarbons by Callianassa kraussi","authors":"L.F. Jackson,&nbsp;T.F. Bidleman","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80036-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80036-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The application of fluorescence spectroscopic techniques to the uptake of aromatic hydrocarbons into the sandprawn, <em>Callianassa kraussi</em>, was examined. Animals were exposed to the water-soluble fraction of Qatar crude oil for up to 12 weeks, then depurated in clean seawater for up to 4 weeks. Fixed wavelength measurements showed the extent and rapidity of aromatic hydrocarbon accumulation into the hepatopancreas of <em>C. kraussi</em> These measurements, along with synchronous spectra, were useful in demonstrating differential accumulation of light and heavy aromatic hydrocarbons.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80036-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78370424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution of Lake Burley Griffin","authors":"W. Maher,&nbsp;C. Tomlins,&nbsp;J. Furlonger","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80010-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80010-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aromatic hydrocarbons were measured in Lake Burley Griffin by fluorescence spectroscopy to gain an estimate of the pollution of the lake by petroleum hydrocarbons. Aromatic hydrocarbons are reported as equivalents of <em>m</em>-terphenyl (T) and chrysene (C). Observed concentrations are 0·3–2·2 μg/litre (T) and 0·1–0·5 μg/litre (C). Widespread distribution of fuel distillates is evident with only a small contribution from lubricating and heavier oils.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80010-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84462522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrification and N mineralization in chemical demulsifier (Separol NF.36 and Servo C.6602) contaminated soil","authors":"Amadi Amadi","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80025-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80025-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A sandy loam soil from a mangrove freshwater environment was contaminated with 0, 25, 50, 100 and 1000 ppm concentrations of chemical demulsifiers to determine their effect on nitrogen transformation. Changes in nitrification and N mineralization rates were determined by monitoring the changes in the levels of NH₄⁺-N, NO₂⁻-N and NO₃⁻-Nin the treated soilsfor a period of 28 days. Application of Separol NF.36 and Servo C.6602 inhibited ammonfication as shown by the increase in NH₄⁺-Nlevels in the treated soil above the untreated control, though not significantly. A demulsifier concentration of 1000 ppm inhibited ammonfication most, as shown by the high level of NH₄⁺-N, while a 25 ppm concentration showed the least adverse effect on NH₄⁺-N reduction in the contaminated soils. Separol NF.36 and Servo C.6602 at the concentrations used did not result in the complete inhibition of nitrification rates. Nitrate-N levels were very minute; the effect of different concentrations of demulsifiers on NO₂⁻-N levels did not vary significantly, the NO₂⁻-N being rapidly converted to NO₃⁻-N accounting for the increases in the NO₃⁻-N levels throughout the period of investigation.</p><p>However, all concentrations of the chemical demulsifier used depressed NO₃-N levels until the 14th day in Separol NF.36 and the 7th day in the Servo C.6602 treated soils. Treatments with 1000 and 100 ppm of demulsifier depressed nitrification and N mineralization most, while 25 and 50 ppm concentrations stimulated nitrogen transformation most, especially after the 14th day in the Separol NF.36 treated soil and after the 7th day in the Servo C.6602 treated soils. The effect of Separol NF.36 and Servo C.6602 when compared, did not vary significantly. Changes in total mineral nitrogen level in the treated soils exhibited the same trend as NO₃⁻-N.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 163-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80025-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78846972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}