{"title":"Ocean change in Global Change: Introductory Geographical analysis.","authors":"I.P. Jolliffe","doi":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90029-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90029-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100978,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Shoreline Management","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 165-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0951-8312(91)90029-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83192692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Protected marine areas and low-lying atolls","authors":"J. Dyke","doi":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90001-I","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0951-8312(91)90001-I","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100978,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Shoreline Management","volume":"515 1","pages":"87-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77104656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Topographical problem areas in the delimitation of maritime boundaries and their political relevance: Case studies from the Western Caribbean","authors":"Gerhard Sandner, Beate Ratter","doi":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90022-T","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90022-T","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The prolongation of land boundaries into the sea becomes very complicated where the boundary is defined by the mouths of large rivers with considerable change in coastal development. The cases of the boundaries Honduras-Nicaragua (Río Coco) and Nicaragua-Costa Rica (Río San Juan) are used to point out difficulties in applying definitions and concepts of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea to this specific situation. The third case refers to the Nicaraguan Rise, where many cays, banks, reefs and islands represent serious problems of definition in the context of maritime delimitation. The persisting lack of detailed studies at the local scale, including historical change and coastal dynamics, is overruled by nationalistic territorial policies which intensify boundary disputes and conflict potential. This requires a combination of topographical, geomorphological and historical studies with conflict research which includes the political performance of the actors and its relation to ‘national’ interests, public opinion and consciousness of the maritime dimension of territory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100978,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Shoreline Management","volume":"15 4","pages":"Pages 289-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0951-8312(91)90022-T","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86367087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coastal parks as development catalysts: A caribbean example","authors":"Richard A Meganck","doi":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90047-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90047-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The site of the proposed Pitons National Park comprises an area of 1600 acres of terrestrial and marine habitat that extends southward from the town of Soufriere on the west coast of St Lucia in the eastern Caribbean. The park has great potential as a focal point for the economic revitalization of this depressed region, particularly considering the diversity of natural and cultural attractions in its immediate environs. Total investment required for the establishment of the park is estimated at EC$4·4 million (<em>EC</em>$2·70=$<em>US</em>1·00) for land acquisition, a road system and visitors' center. Annual operating costs of EC$0·7 million would be offset by an estimated income of EC$1·07 million in the first year from concession operations, entrance fees and the sale of crafts and souvenirs. By the third year of operation, park income will double, while annual income to Soufriere from lodging and related expenses will reach an estimated EC$23·8 million. Establishment of the park will create 400 permanent jobs and help to stabilize the local economy, including the long-term viability of the local fishing industry through sustained management of the reef systems. Without the establishment of the park, however, the economic future of Soufriere remains clouded. However positive this proposal sounds, the Government is also currently considering an alternative proposal to construct a large hotel-casino complex on the site of the proposed park, while accommodating a small guest-house within the park may be feasible, a large hotel development would certainly alter the concept of the Pitons as a public resource, and also directly affect the current proposal to manage the area's resources in an intergrated fashion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100978,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Shoreline Management","volume":"15 1","pages":"Pages 25-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0951-8312(91)90047-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90499714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environmental impact of liquid wastes discharge in coastal waters","authors":"R.C. Newell , D.R. Clegg , D.W. Maughan","doi":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90011-P","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90011-P","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Discharge of liquid wastes to coastal and estuarine waters has been carried out for many years by most of the countries bordering the North Sea. This paper examines recent changes in public perception and corporate awareness of the responsibilities of industry for protection of the environment. The deficiencies of laboratory-based toxicity tests are discussed, and methods that are available for the quantitative evaluation of marine communities are outlined. The paper provides examples illustrating the use of such methods in monitoring the potential impact of liquid waste discharges and in defining strategies for effluent treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100978,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Shoreline Management","volume":"16 3","pages":"Pages 327-347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0951-8312(91)90011-P","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85459411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Marine and estuarine protected areas in Tasmania, Australia: The complexities of policy development","authors":"Lorne K. Kriwoken , Marcus Haward","doi":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90028-Z","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90028-Z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although international support for marine and estuarine protected areas (MEPAs) has been evident since the 1960s national and sub-national governments have often been slow to establish MEPAs. Attempts to establish MEPAs in the Australian State of Tasmania are used as a case study of the complexities of policy development. The case study highlights the influence of legislative, institutional, and political factors in the development of MEPAs. The analysis of Tasmanian MEPAs leads to a consideration of relevant lessons for the development of such areas elsewhere.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100978,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Shoreline Management","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 143-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0951-8312(91)90028-Z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73721099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The cost of not holding back the sea—economic vulnerability","authors":"Gary W. Yohe","doi":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90044-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90044-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A method for quantifying the economic vulnerability of developed shoreline to the threat of greenhouse induced sea level rise is described and applied to Long Beach Island, New Jersey, USA. While the method carefully accounts for structure, land and beach vulnerability along arbitrary sea level rise scenarios from tax maps and careful geographical accounting, it does not produce opportunity cost estimates for abandonment. The data generated here are, nonetheless, the foundation from which such cost estimates can be constructed given market and individual reactions to subjective perceptions of the threat and its timing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100978,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Shoreline Management","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 233-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0951-8312(91)90044-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82881954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hydrodynamics, organisms and pollution of coastal sands","authors":"J.E. Webb","doi":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90037-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90037-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This account concerns the movement of water in sublittoral sands, the exchange of air and water in littoral sands, the role of organisms in these ecosystems and the modifications caused by pollution. The patchy distribution of sand organisms, and the capacity of coastal sands for the degradation of organic debris, are considered.</p><p>Porosity, permeability and the related concepts of specific permeability, capillary and cavity space, generated by fluid-flow and recognised by amphioxus acting as an environmental probe, are discussed. The importance of the organic component, consisting of bacterial films on sand-grains above and below the redox potential discontinuity as a modifier of sand properties, is emphasised.</p><p>In sublittoral sands, where air is absent, the mechanisms causing irrigation are outlined. The effects of pollution by fine mineral particles, sewage and heated effluents are considered.</p><p>In littoral sands, where both water and air are present, the relative movement and distribution of water and air, due to irrigation by tidal fluctuation, water inputs from the land and capillarity, are considered. The effects of pollution by low concentrations of detergents on the permeability of beaches are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100978,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Shoreline Management","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 23-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0951-8312(91)90037-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85876183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The natural marine reserve of Miramare (Trieste, Italy): Tourism and environmental education","authors":"Maurizio Spoto, Carlo Franzosini","doi":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90038-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90038-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During 1989, the management of the marine reserve of Miramare started with the activities that were planned in a programme of environmental education (project ‘Scuolambiente’); and introduced activities on behalf of a large tourist public (project ‘Seawatching’). These included a visit centre, an information office, a centre for environmental education, and promotional materials presenting the various services that are on offer. Visitors in that year numbered 16730, 300 of which participated in guided marine visits, and 4430 of which were school visitors interested in the programmes of environmental education.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100978,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Shoreline Management","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 53-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0951-8312(91)90038-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89459860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}