{"title":"Dumping at sea","authors":"Claire C. Nihoul","doi":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90010-Y","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90010-Y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dumping at sea is a management option for the disposal of industrial wastes, dredged materials and sewage sludge. Dumping operations in the North Sea area have been regulated since 1974 by two international Conventions, and statistics have been kept of the amounts and types of wastes dumped. However, concerns have been expressed at the possible long-term environmental consequences of dumping, and all industrial waste dumping operations in the North Sea are being phased out. Land-based alternatives for disposal are being developed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100978,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Shoreline Management","volume":"16 3","pages":"Pages 313-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0951-8312(91)90010-Y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89278310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatial and temporal distribution of beach heavy minerals: Mar Chiquita, Argentina","authors":"Federico Ignacio Isla","doi":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90002-J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0951-8312(91)90002-J","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Five beach zones, from the backshore out to the breaker zone, were sampled in order to test the spatial distribution and temporal variability of beach heavy minerals retained at the 88–125 μm interval.</p><p>While heavy minerals dominate to the backshore, light specimens are more abundant in the submerged zones. Opaques dominate among the heavy minerals and are negatively correlated with the translucids.</p><p>To discriminate beach zones, opaques, the abundance of rock fragments/alterites, amphiboles (non-hornblendiferous) and heavy-mineral percentages are the most sensitive. Seasonal changes are shown by the lighter of the heavy grains (amphiboles, rock fragments, hornblende), and by the light/heavy relationship. Canonically correlated, heavy minerals were recognized as better estimates of zone discrimination than grain-size parameters.</p><p>The importance of heavy-mineral abundance, to identify drift dispersals and environmental changes, to characterize beach zones and to search for placers based on their spatial and temporal behavior, is stressed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100978,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Shoreline Management","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 161-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0951-8312(91)90002-J","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91773826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The plankton of the North Sea—pelagic ecosystems under stress?","authors":"P. Tett, D. Mills","doi":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90006-N","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90006-N","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The classical marine pelagic foodweb description was ascribed to the North Sea in the 1920s; phytoplankton production supports planktonic animals such as the copepod crustacean, Calanus, which in turn feed herring and other pelagic fish. Later studies have shown how organic material not consumed in the water column supplies benthic communities and demersal fish.</p><p>This paper examines the pelagic ecosystems of the North Sea. They are stressed by: (1) fisheries pressure on higher trophic levels; (2) anthropogenic enrichment with nitrates and phosphates, which encourages the blooming of some types of phytoplankton; (3) climatic change; (4) input of toxins. Difficulties in obtaining and interpreting evidence of change are reviewed.</p><p>Observational evidence of change can be supplemented by understanding the nature of the pelagic ecosystem and its links with physical conditions in different parts of the North Sea. Two regions of the North Sea are examined and compared.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100978,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Shoreline Management","volume":"16 3","pages":"Pages 233-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0951-8312(91)90006-N","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76874123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Marine regions and the Law of the Sea","authors":"Joseph R. Morgan","doi":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90019-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90019-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There are a number of so-called natural regions in the oceans, such as areas delineated on the basis of oceanographic conditions and land-sea boundaries, which may define a semi-enclosed sea. Another natural region of importance is the large marine ecosystem, which has unique hydrographic regimes, submarine topography and trophically related populations of living marine organisms. The oceans also contain functional regions based on shipping patterns, commercial fisheries, and undersea minerals. The 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea established jurisdictional regions such as exclusive economic zones, territorial seas, and archipelagic waters. Reconciling the ‘natural’ regions with the ‘legal’ regions recognized by current international law, with a view toward effective ocean management, is a problem requiring a degree of international cooperation that may be difficult to achieve under some circumstances.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100978,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Shoreline Management","volume":"15 4","pages":"Pages 261-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0951-8312(91)90019-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80197052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The filling of Long Bay: The legacy of a colonial past","authors":"Dennis W. Nixon","doi":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90046-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90046-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dredge and fill activities typically face strict scrutiny today as their negative impacts have become more fully understood. When filling is allowed, it is most often for a public purpose, such as an expanded port facility, and the public retains ownership of the filled lands. A dramatic exception to that pattern, however, has emerged in Long Bay, in the harbor of St Thomas, US Virgin Islands, where 7·5 acres of filled land were created in 1986 for an undisclosed purpose and ownership transferred to a private corporation. The legal basis for that transfer, a 1913 grant from the colonial government of Denmark, was challenged unsuccessfully by both citizen groups and the territorial legislature. Those challenges are examined in this paper in an effort to determine why they failed, and how future conflicts between the legacy of colonialism and contemporary coastal management can be resolved in favor of the public interest.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100978,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Shoreline Management","volume":"15 1","pages":"Pages 1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0951-8312(91)90046-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77948152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coast erosion management—The Kelantan case","authors":"Wiel M.K. Tilmans","doi":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90026-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90026-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human activities in the coastal zone are often supported by a physical infrastructure which, in the case of improper understanding of the coastal system can have a dramatic effect on the coastline. This was the case in Kelantan State, Malaysia, where as part of the so-called Kemasin-Semerak Integrated Rural Development Project, river outlets were stabilized by training walls. Within months of the works implementation, serious erosion occurred, which endangered the seaworks and neighbouring fishing boat shelters and coastal communities. Delft Hydraulics was commissioned to study the cause of this erosion, taking into account both the autonomous development of the coast and the impact of the river training works, and to make recommendations for future coast erosion management of Kelantan State.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100978,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Shoreline Management","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 87-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0951-8312(91)90026-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89340875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sea Use Planning and Management simulations","authors":"A.D. Couper","doi":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90021-S","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90021-S","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper describes the simulation exercises in Sea Use Planning and Management carried out at the World Maritime University, Malmö, Sweden. The objectives of the simulations are to reinforce what has been learned in lecture programmes, and to provide experience in the use of simulation as a planning technique. Exercise one deals with the development of a new port. Participants represent various concerned ministries, they make planning decisions and inputs on a sectorial basis regarding location, technical characteristics, environmental and social impacts. They are reconvened as interdisciplinary Task Forces and produce a final integrated plan.</p><p>Exercise two involves the planning and management of multiple activities in an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)—including the problems of shared fish stocks, cross boundary hydrocarbons, and a disputed zone with an opposite state. The procedure of progressing from sectorial to integrated approaches is again adopted, with the objective of achieving the net gains from sea uses within the concept of sustainable development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100978,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Shoreline Management","volume":"15 4","pages":"Pages 283-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0951-8312(91)90021-S","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77792865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tourism development in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park","authors":"Richard Kenchington","doi":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90049-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90049-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper provides a management case study of tourism as a reasonable use of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. It summarises the multiple-use management concept applied in the Marine Park, and discusses the Great Barrier Reef as a tourist attraction. It describes the general provisions of zoning and management that affect tourism, and the specific approach of the permit system which provides for case-by-case management and control of tourist programs and developments. It outlines the interaction of Great Barrier Reef Marine Park controls with other Commonwealth and Queensland environmental legislation, and describes the development of site management and strategic plans to provide guidance to permit applicants and delegates regarding possible developments and activities within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100978,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Shoreline Management","volume":"15 1","pages":"Pages 57-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0951-8312(91)90049-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72558094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The North Sea: Sea use management and planning","authors":"H.D. Smith","doi":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90015-T","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90015-T","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of sea use management and planning in the North Sea is concerned with three main themes. First, the foundations of management are based upon technical management functions which include scientific and technological inputs and environmental and social assessment techniques. Upon these based general management functions including organisational aspects which can be regionally distinguished in terms of complexity of organisation, including sea areas adjacent to urban areas on the one hand, and remaining ‘rural’ sea areas on the other. The overall development of the system is likely to include increasing integration of current management functions, together with a contrast in use types and intensity between the ‘metropolitan’ southern North Sea on the one hand, and the rural central and northern regions on the other.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100978,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Shoreline Management","volume":"16 3","pages":"Pages 383-395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0951-8312(91)90015-T","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78992097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contents of volume 16","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0951-8312(91)90017-V","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0951-8312(91)90017-V","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100978,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Shoreline Management","volume":"16 3","pages":"Pages 400-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0951-8312(91)90017-V","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138204912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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