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The XL-100S microprogrammable processor XL-100S微可编程处理器
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Pub Date : 1984-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/0167-5087(84)91341-3
Z. Guzik, A. Forycki, N.W. Gorbunov, V.A. Sutulin
{"title":"The XL-100S microprogrammable processor","authors":"Z. Guzik,&nbsp;A. Forycki,&nbsp;N.W. Gorbunov,&nbsp;V.A. Sutulin","doi":"10.1016/0167-5087(84)91341-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0167-5087(84)91341-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The XL-100S is a microprogrammable device based on the Am2900 family of bit slices and designed for use in the multimaster environment of an XL System Crate. The processor conforms to the EUR 6500 CAMAC standard and can access up to 4 Mbyte of memory and 7 CAMAC branches. Processor operation, which is a sequence of predefined microcommands fetched from a 32-bit wide control store with capacity up to 64 kwords, can be initiated by any of eight external requests.</p><p>The architecture of the XL-100S allows it to emulate almost any mini- or micro-computer including floating point operations. The processor can be used for: fast physical event filtering and data preprocessing, flexible apparatus control, organization of sophisticated DMA transfer modes, etc. The device with 4 kwords of control store is housed in a single width CAMAC module.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100972,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research","volume":"225 1","pages":"Pages 83-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0167-5087(84)91341-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85814372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recent developments in BaF2 scintillator coupled to a low-pressure wire chamber 与低压丝室耦合的BaF2闪烁体的最新进展
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Pub Date : 1984-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/0167-5087(84)91331-0
D.F. Anderson , G. Charpak, Ch. Von Gagern, S. Majewski
{"title":"Recent developments in BaF2 scintillator coupled to a low-pressure wire chamber","authors":"D.F. Anderson ,&nbsp;G. Charpak,&nbsp;Ch. Von Gagern,&nbsp;S. Majewski","doi":"10.1016/0167-5087(84)91331-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0167-5087(84)91331-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A mode of operation is discussed for a detector using BaF<sub>2</sub> as the scintillator, and tetrakis(dimethylamine)ethylene (TMAE) as the photosensitive agent adsorbed on a NiCr layer to form a photocathode. The position resolution of the detector with a crystal 25 mm thick and 120 mm in diameter is measured to be about 3 mm fwhm. The physics of TMAE as a liquid is also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100972,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research","volume":"225 1","pages":"Pages 8-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0167-5087(84)91331-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91524114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
On estimating the photoelectron yield and the resultant inefficiency of a photomultiplier-based detector 估计光电倍增管探测器的光电子产率和由此产生的低效率
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Pub Date : 1984-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/0167-5087(84)91352-8
J.P. O'Callaghan , R. Stanek, L.G. Hyman
{"title":"On estimating the photoelectron yield and the resultant inefficiency of a photomultiplier-based detector","authors":"J.P. O'Callaghan ,&nbsp;R. Stanek,&nbsp;L.G. Hyman","doi":"10.1016/0167-5087(84)91352-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0167-5087(84)91352-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present three methods for estimating the photoelectron yield from a photomultiplier illuminated by an LED. We show that the three estimates are consistent. These estimates disagree by ∼ 25% from the popular but incorrect assumption that the pulse height distribution is Poisson-like in the number of photoelectrons.</p><p>Further, computations involving Gaussian spreading and/or Landau fluctuations are then performed. These computations should model the behavior of actual scintillator or Cherenkov counters. These computations enable us to estimate how often a counter will miss a count.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100972,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research","volume":"225 1","pages":"Pages 153-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0167-5087(84)91352-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79328063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Experimental study of non-linear effects of photomultiplier gain 光电倍增管增益非线性效应的实验研究
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Pub Date : 1984-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/0167-5087(84)91344-9
M. De Vincenzi , G. Penso , A. Sciubba , A. Sposito
{"title":"Experimental study of non-linear effects of photomultiplier gain","authors":"M. De Vincenzi ,&nbsp;G. Penso ,&nbsp;A. Sciubba ,&nbsp;A. Sposito","doi":"10.1016/0167-5087(84)91344-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0167-5087(84)91344-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The experimental apparatus and the results of a study on the gain variation of photomultipliers at high average anode current are described. This gain variation was found to depend on the secondary emission process on dynodes; the last dynode gives the largest contribution to the overall photomultiplier effect. This contribution has been isolated and measured. The phenomenon may be due to more than one physical effect. The dominant one turns out to depend on the power released on the dynode by the incident electrons. A physical model is discussed which can take into account the observed phenomena.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100972,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research","volume":"225 1","pages":"Pages 104-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0167-5087(84)91344-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88670579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Evaluation of radiation angular distribution coefficients and their uncertainties in complex decays from oriented nuclei 取向核复杂衰变中辐射角分布系数及其不确定性的评定
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Pub Date : 1984-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/0167-5087(84)91364-4
D.W. Murray
{"title":"Evaluation of radiation angular distribution coefficients and their uncertainties in complex decays from oriented nuclei","authors":"D.W. Murray","doi":"10.1016/0167-5087(84)91364-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0167-5087(84)91364-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An algorithm is presented for the evaluation of radiation radiation distribution and their coefficients and their uncertainties in complicated cascade decays from oriented nuclear states.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100972,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research","volume":"225 1","pages":"Pages 285-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0167-5087(84)91364-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84864632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mathematical modelling of the performance of a MWPC MWPC性能的数学建模
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Pub Date : 1984-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/0167-5087(84)91351-6
R. Bellazzini , A. Brez , A. Del Guerra , M.M. Massai , M.R. Torquati
{"title":"Mathematical modelling of the performance of a MWPC","authors":"R. Bellazzini ,&nbsp;A. Brez ,&nbsp;A. Del Guerra ,&nbsp;M.M. Massai ,&nbsp;M.R. Torquati","doi":"10.1016/0167-5087(84)91351-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0167-5087(84)91351-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We have implemented the Erskine formalism for signal development to study in detail the main operational characteristics of a MWPC with a cathode read-out, for both point-like and extended ionization tracks. A parametrization has been made of the width of the cathode charge distribution and of the ratio of cathode charge over tottal avalanche charge to be applied for a general class of MWPCs. The integral and the differential nonlinearity of position measurements based on the calculation of the centroid of the cathode signals has been studies as a function of the width of the cathode read-out strips. Left-right and top-bottom assignment capability and interpolation between anode wires has been modelled. The possibility of measuring the angle of incidence of an ionizing particle with a delay-line cathode read-out is suggested.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100972,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research","volume":"225 1","pages":"Pages 145-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0167-5087(84)91351-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89112657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Containment of radon-222 in the radon laboratory 氡实验室对氡-222的控制
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Pub Date : 1984-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/0167-5087(84)91366-8
R.G.S. Taylor
{"title":"Containment of radon-222 in the radon laboratory","authors":"R.G.S. Taylor","doi":"10.1016/0167-5087(84)91366-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0167-5087(84)91366-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nuclear track detection, scintillation counter surface monitoring, and radon assaying have been used to locate sites of low-level <sup>226</sup>Ra contamination in a radon laboratory. Procedures instituted to contain the radon emanated from this contamination have been effective to the extent of a 7-fold reduction in the air-borne radon concentration in the laboratory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100972,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research","volume":"225 1","pages":"Pages 289-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0167-5087(84)91366-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86390770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neutrons in science and technology 科学技术中的中子
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Pub Date : 1984-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/0167-5087(84)91361-9
D.Allan Bromley
{"title":"Neutrons in science and technology","authors":"D.Allan Bromley","doi":"10.1016/0167-5087(84)91361-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0167-5087(84)91361-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100972,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research","volume":"225 1","pages":"Pages 240-279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0167-5087(84)91361-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86319644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Intercomparison of automatic fission track counting systems 自动裂变径迹计数系统的相互比较
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Pub Date : 1984-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/0167-5087(84)91343-7
Dariush Azimi-Garakani
{"title":"Intercomparison of automatic fission track counting systems","authors":"Dariush Azimi-Garakani","doi":"10.1016/0167-5087(84)91343-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0167-5087(84)91343-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The methods of counting fission tracks by two image analyzing computers and a spark counting system are compared with a standard microscopy technique. In this comparison, for automatic fission track counting, the two commercially available image analyzer instruments, the Quantimet 720 and the Leitz-Texture Analyzing System (TAS) and a specially designed spark counter, the UTASC system, have been used. The results showed that the relative counting efficiencies of the Quantimet 720, the Leitz-TAS and the UTASC system are 0.974±0.010, 0.988±0.013 and 0.955±0.010, respectively</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100972,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research","volume":"225 1","pages":"Pages 101-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0167-5087(84)91343-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90049351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Tilted multifoil techniques in pad studies of high spin reaction products 倾斜多箔技术在高自旋反应产物衬垫研究中的应用
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Pub Date : 1984-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/0167-5087(84)91334-6
C. Broude, E. Dafni , G. Goldring, M. Hass, O.C. Kistner , B. Rosenwasser, L. Sapir
{"title":"Tilted multifoil techniques in pad studies of high spin reaction products","authors":"C. Broude,&nbsp;E. Dafni ,&nbsp;G. Goldring,&nbsp;M. Hass,&nbsp;O.C. Kistner ,&nbsp;B. Rosenwasser,&nbsp;L. Sapir","doi":"10.1016/0167-5087(84)91334-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0167-5087(84)91334-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Novel techniques used in PAD studies of high spin states populated by conventional fusion evaporation reactions are described. The interaction of the recoiling ions with the exit surfaces of multiple tilted carbon foils induced polarization of the ionic shells. In turn, the hyperfine interaction during flight in vacuum between successive foils affects the nuclear spins in a controlled manner. Systems have been designed for measuring <em>g</em>-factors and for inducing nuclear polarization of high spin isomers. The technique was applied to 10<sup>+</sup> isomers in <sup>54</sup>Fe and <sup>144</sup>Gd and nuclear polarizations of 0.18(5) and 0.10(4), respectively, were observed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100972,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research","volume":"225 1","pages":"Pages 31-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0167-5087(84)91334-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82552307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
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