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Imaging X-ray spectrophotometers 成像x射线分光光度计
Nuclear Instruments and Methods Pub Date : 1981-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0029-554X(81)90761-8
C.J. Hailey, T.T. Hamilton, W.H.-M. Ku
{"title":"Imaging X-ray spectrophotometers","authors":"C.J. Hailey,&nbsp;T.T. Hamilton,&nbsp;W.H.-M. Ku","doi":"10.1016/0029-554X(81)90761-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0029-554X(81)90761-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A new instrument which combines the good energy resolution of the gas scintillation proportional counter with the high position resolution of the microchannel plate is proposed. A study of the factors which determine the combined energy and position resolution of the new instrument is discussed. Submillimeter position resolution along with good energy resolution (8% fwhm at 6 keV) should be achievable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100971,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods","volume":"184 2","pages":"Pages 543-547"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0029-554X(81)90761-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89007798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
A scintillation counter used in a vacuum chamber for a liquid hydrogen target 用于液氢靶的真空室中的闪烁计数器
Nuclear Instruments and Methods Pub Date : 1981-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0029-554X(81)90735-7
H. Aihara, H. Fujii, T. Kamae, K. Nakamura, T. Sumiyoshi
{"title":"A scintillation counter used in a vacuum chamber for a liquid hydrogen target","authors":"H. Aihara,&nbsp;H. Fujii,&nbsp;T. Kamae,&nbsp;K. Nakamura,&nbsp;T. Sumiyoshi","doi":"10.1016/0029-554X(81)90735-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0029-554X(81)90735-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To measure charge exchange and charged-prong annihilation cross sections in the low momentum <span><math><mtext>pp</mtext></math></span> reaction, we used a cylindrically shaped scintillation counter surrounding the liquid hydrogen target. It was contained in a target vacuum chamber and was optically coupled to a photomultiplier tube outside the vacuum chamber by a lucite light guide. Optical coupling between the scintillator and the lucite light guide was attained by a half-cylinder lucite piece. An analysis of this optical coupling method is also described.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100971,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods","volume":"184 2","pages":"Pages 359-364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0029-554X(81)90735-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87831071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A computational study of the response of Ge and NaI(Tl) detectors to the inner bremstrahlung of 90Y 锗和NaI(Tl)探测器对90Y内轫致辐射响应的计算研究
Nuclear Instruments and Methods Pub Date : 1981-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0029-554X(81)90757-6
F.T. Avignone III
{"title":"A computational study of the response of Ge and NaI(Tl) detectors to the inner bremstrahlung of 90Y","authors":"F.T. Avignone III","doi":"10.1016/0029-554X(81)90757-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0029-554X(81)90757-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The convoluting effects of detector response on a continous photon spectrum was studied in a 30% Ge detector and three NaI(Tl) spectrometers using detailed Monte Carlo calculations. The diameters and length of the cylindrical scintillation crystals were:5.08 × 5.08 cm<sup>2</sup>, 7.62 cm<sup>2</sup>, and 12.7 × 12.7 cm<sup>2</sup>. The internal bremsstrahlung spectrum of <sup>90</sup>Y was calculated using the theory of Ford and Martin which include nuclear diagrams. It is clearly shown that recent experimental results, which deviate seriously from theory, are not explained by detector response. A direct comparison to the method of Lidén and Starfelt is made in a typical case. The calculations suggest aan experimental geometry which minimizes the distortion due to photons scattering out of the detector.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100971,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods","volume":"184 2","pages":"Pages 521-524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0029-554X(81)90757-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89648971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The TASSO gas and aerogel Cherenkov counters TASSO气体和气凝胶切伦科夫计数器
Nuclear Instruments and Methods Pub Date : 1981-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0029-554X(81)90732-1
H. Burkhardt, P. Koehler , R. Riethmüller, B.H. Wiik, R. Fohrmann, J. Franzkea, H. Krasemann, R. Maschuw , G. Poelz, J. Reichardt, J. Ringel , O. Römer, R. Rüsch, P. Schmüser, R. van Staa, J. Freeman, P. Lecomte, T. Meyer, Sau Lan Wu, G. Zobernig
{"title":"The TASSO gas and aerogel Cherenkov counters","authors":"H. Burkhardt,&nbsp;P. Koehler ,&nbsp;R. Riethmüller,&nbsp;B.H. Wiik,&nbsp;R. Fohrmann,&nbsp;J. Franzkea,&nbsp;H. Krasemann,&nbsp;R. Maschuw ,&nbsp;G. Poelz,&nbsp;J. Reichardt,&nbsp;J. Ringel ,&nbsp;O. Römer,&nbsp;R. Rüsch,&nbsp;P. Schmüser,&nbsp;R. van Staa,&nbsp;J. Freeman,&nbsp;P. Lecomte,&nbsp;T. Meyer,&nbsp;Sau Lan Wu,&nbsp;G. Zobernig","doi":"10.1016/0029-554X(81)90732-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0029-554X(81)90732-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We describe the gas and erogel threshold Cherenkov counters built for the TASSO experiment at the DESY e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>−</sup> storage ring PETRA. The counters are arranged in two diametrically opposed groups as part of the two hadron arms. The gas counters contain Freon 114 and CO<sub>2</sub> respectively; 128 ellipsoidal mirrors focus the Cherenkov light through funnels onto Philips 5″ photomultipliers coated with wavelength shifter. <em>β</em> = 1 charged particles are detected with at least 99.9% efficiency. The aerogel counters are of the diffusing wall type. They have a sensitive area of 12 m<sup>2</sup>, divided into 32 cells and use a total of 192 RCA Quantacon 5″ photomultipliers. The average aerogel refractive index is around 1.025. The efficiency for <em>β</em> = 1 charged particles is 98%. Design considerations, prototype evaluation, construction details, and performance of the final counter system are described.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100971,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods","volume":"184 2","pages":"Pages 319-331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0029-554X(81)90732-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75745190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 39
Experimental investigation on the neutron detection efficiency of an NE104 scintillator NE104闪烁体中子探测效率的实验研究
Nuclear Instruments and Methods Pub Date : 1981-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0029-554X(81)90745-X
P. Boccaccio, F. Gramegna, G. Viesti, W. Augustyniak
{"title":"Experimental investigation on the neutron detection efficiency of an NE104 scintillator","authors":"P. Boccaccio,&nbsp;F. Gramegna,&nbsp;G. Viesti,&nbsp;W. Augustyniak","doi":"10.1016/0029-554X(81)90745-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0029-554X(81)90745-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The neutron detection efficiency of an NE104 plastic scintillator (10 cm diameter × 10 cm thick) has been measured in the energy range <em>E</em><sub>n</sub> = 0.3–7 MeV. The T(p, n), D(d, n) and T(d, n) reactions were employed as neutron sources. Experimental results have been compared with the calculleted efficiency obtained from three different Monte Carlo codes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100971,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods","volume":"184 2","pages":"Pages 445-448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0029-554X(81)90745-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78920592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
MINIMAFIOS — Nouvelle source d'ions fournissant des faisceaux d'ions lourds fortement multicharges MINIMAFIOS -提供高负载重离子束的新型离子源
Nuclear Instruments and Methods Pub Date : 1981-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0029-554X(81)90729-1
Richard Geller, Bernard Jacquot
{"title":"MINIMAFIOS — Nouvelle source d'ions fournissant des faisceaux d'ions lourds fortement multicharges","authors":"Richard Geller,&nbsp;Bernard Jacquot","doi":"10.1016/0029-554X(81)90729-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0029-554X(81)90729-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>MINIMAFOOS is an ECRIS type source delivering multiply charged ion beam like MICROMAFIOS [1,2,7] but where the first and second stages are compound in a unique microwave cavity. There the microwaves create the cold plasma and heat the electrons, the plasma being confined by the min. <em>B</em> magnetic well in which the cavity is imemersed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100971,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods","volume":"184 2","pages":"Pages 293-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0029-554X(81)90729-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74806035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Thermoluminescence decay and emission spectra of some γ-irradiated alkali fluorides 某些γ辐照碱氟化物的热释光衰变和发射光谱
Nuclear Instruments and Methods Pub Date : 1981-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0029-554X(81)90767-9
Atmaram Vishnu Khedekar, Ramaseshan Ramani, Suresh Shamrao Sardesai, Chandrakant Dattatraya Kalkar
{"title":"Thermoluminescence decay and emission spectra of some γ-irradiated alkali fluorides","authors":"Atmaram Vishnu Khedekar,&nbsp;Ramaseshan Ramani,&nbsp;Suresh Shamrao Sardesai,&nbsp;Chandrakant Dattatraya Kalkar","doi":"10.1016/0029-554X(81)90767-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0029-554X(81)90767-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The room temperature thermoluminescence (RTL) decay from γ-irradiated LiF single crystal (Harshaw), NaF and KF powders (40–60 mesh) were studied as a function of the gamma radiation dose. The total luminescence reaches a maximum for a particular dose depending on the nature of the crystal. The emission spectra for LiF, NaF and KF showed one, two and three emission bands, respectively, in the range 375 to 700 nm. The RTL disappears at higher doses for these fluorides. The results are explained on the basis of postulated metastable energy level.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100971,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods","volume":"184 2","pages":"Pages 577-582"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0029-554X(81)90767-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80294284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The microchannel plate as vertex detector in high energy physics experiments 微通道板在高能物理实验中的顶点探测器
Nuclear Instruments and Methods Pub Date : 1981-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0029-554X(81)90738-2
Douglas M. Potter
{"title":"The microchannel plate as vertex detector in high energy physics experiments","authors":"Douglas M. Potter","doi":"10.1016/0029-554X(81)90738-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0029-554X(81)90738-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The properties of a microchannel plate exposed to a high energy hadron beam have been studied. When the beam was passed through the plate transverse to the microchannel axes, about 2 microchannels per millimeter were excited and an rms error of less than 10μm was obtained. Prospects for improvement are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100971,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods","volume":"184 2","pages":"Pages 405-407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0029-554X(81)90738-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77607902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Humidity measurements using a double ionization chamber with α-rays 用α射线双电离室测量湿度
Nuclear Instruments and Methods Pub Date : 1981-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0029-554X(81)90773-4
Sigeaki Matsumoto, Hisanobu Kobayashi
{"title":"Humidity measurements using a double ionization chamber with α-rays","authors":"Sigeaki Matsumoto,&nbsp;Hisanobu Kobayashi","doi":"10.1016/0029-554X(81)90773-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0029-554X(81)90773-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The humidity was measured with an accuracy of ±5% using a double ionization chamber with α-ray sources in order to remove the effects of the temperature and the atmospheric pressure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100971,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods","volume":"184 2","pages":"Pages 603-604"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0029-554X(81)90773-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72694202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Scintillation intensity of NE-102A screens: Numerical integration of an expression for the radioluminescence yield, eventual application as a method of particcle identification NE-102A屏幕的闪烁强度:辐射发光产率表达式的数值积分，最终应用于粒子识别方法
Nuclear Instruments and Methods Pub Date : 1981-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0029-554X(81)90765-5
Laura M.I. de Carvalho, J.Lopes Da Silva
{"title":"Scintillation intensity of NE-102A screens: Numerical integration of an expression for the radioluminescence yield, eventual application as a method of particcle identification","authors":"Laura M.I. de Carvalho,&nbsp;J.Lopes Da Silva","doi":"10.1016/0029-554X(81)90765-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0029-554X(81)90765-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The function <em>S</em>(<em>E</em>) of luminescence intensity of NE-102A scintillator irradiated by ionizing particles, in the energy range from 0.2 to 20 MeV, is studied by means of numerical integration of an expression already developed for specific luminescence, d<em>S</em>/d<em>x</em>.</p><p>Good agreement is observed between calculated curves and experimental results obtained by us and by other authors, with α-particles (1.75–5.28 MeV) and protons (0.5–10.0 MeV).</p><p>An identification method for ionizing particles for charge +1 at low energies (below 1.5 MeV), based only on measurements of energy and total and delayed luminescence, is suggested.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100971,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods","volume":"184 2","pages":"Pages 563-570"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0029-554X(81)90765-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73792279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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