Nuclear Analysis最新文献

{"title":"Optimization of dead time correction for digital gamma ray spectroscopy based on social spider algorithm","authors":"Mohamed S. El_Tokhy ,&nbsp;Sergey Rozovs ,&nbsp;Alexey Lubashevskiy ,&nbsp;H. Kasban ,&nbsp;Elsayed H. Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.nucana.2025.100183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nucana.2025.100183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gamma spectroscopy is a pivotal technique in radiation measurement and monitoring, with applications spanning nuclear physics, environmental science, and medical diagnostics. However, a major challenge in gamma spectroscopy is the dead time effect, which occurs when the detector is unable to register subsequent events while processing previous signals. This phenomenon leads to underestimation of true count rates and compromises the accuracy of spectral analysis. To overcome this limitation, we propose an efficient algorithm based on the Social Spider Optimization (SSO) technique to optimize dead time corrections and enhance the precision of count rate estimation. The SSO algorithm, inspired by the collective foraging behavior of social spiders, is employed to simultaneously optimize the Non-Paralyzable and paralyzable dead times, enabling accurate correction of observed count rates. By considering the complex interaction between multiple parameters, the algorithm provides a more precise correction compared to traditional methods. The performance of the proposed SSO-based algorithm is validated through experimental analysis and a direct comparison with literature-based results, demonstrating its superior accuracy and robustness. The experimental validation, conducted using a High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector, revealed significant improvements in the accuracy of count rate corrections. Specifically, the observed count rate, initially recorded at 10,007 counts per second, was corrected to 11,007.71 counts per second with an estimated dead time of 9.08 μs. This corrected count rate closely aligns with the true count rate, showing excellent agreement with literature-reported values.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100965,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Analysis","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of temperature on hydrogen diffusion mechanism in tungsten: A molecular dynamics simulation study","authors":"Mir Mohammad Reza Seyedhabashi ,&nbsp;Maryam Ebrahimi ,&nbsp;Darioush Rostamifard ,&nbsp;Ehsanollah Noori ,&nbsp;Ali Reza Asle Zaeem ,&nbsp;Reza Goodarzi ,&nbsp;Amir raeisdana","doi":"10.1016/j.nucana.2025.100186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nucana.2025.100186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research, the diffusion of hydrogen atoms in the crystalline structure of tungsten was investigated using LAMMPS molecular dynamics simulation code. To describe the interatomic interactions of the W–H system, the EAM potential was used. Hydrogen atoms were placed in the tetrahedral sites of a perfect BCC tungsten lattice to simulate a realistic impurity distribution with a concentration of 2 %. Simulations were performed in a temperature range of 1400–2700K. After structure optimization, the Mean Squared Displacement (MSD) was calculated using the Einstein relation to determine the diffusion coefficients for each temperature. The results showed that with increasing temperature, the hydrogen diffusion coefficient increases exponentially and verifies the Arrhenius relationship. The effective activation energy parameter is calculated 1.48 eV, with a pre-exponential factor of 3.2×10⁻⁶m²/s. Physical analysis revealed three distinct diffusion regimes: at low temperatures, hydrogen mobility is limited by trapping effects; at intermediate temperatures, the TIS-TIS pathway is the dominant mechanism; and at high temperatures, the transition to TIS-OIS-TIS pathways is activated, leading to a sharp increase in the diffusion coefficient. The high value of the effective activation energy is attributed to the collective motion and interactions of the hydrogen atoms at this concentration. These results are applicable in predicting the behavior of tungsten under the high-temperature conditions of fusion reactors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100965,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Analysis","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose distribution comparison using image registration principles","authors":"Meryeme Bellahsaouia ,&nbsp;Ibtissam Zidouh ,&nbsp;Ouadie Kabach ,&nbsp;Wafae Chfeq ,&nbsp;Assia Arctout ,&nbsp;Taher Elkhoukhi ,&nbsp;Elmahjoub Chakir","doi":"10.1016/j.nucana.2025.100170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nucana.2025.100170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiotherapy relies on accurate dose distribution comparison methods, but current approaches have limitations. This study introduces a novel algorithm based on image registration principles to address these limitations. The algorithm uses a transformation matrix derived from image registration to align an evaluated dose distribution with a reference distribution. This transformation employs multiple steps: detecting keypoints, constructing descriptors, matching keypoints, and estimating an affine transformation matrix. The transformed distribution is then directly comparable to the reference through linear least squares regression. Validation on 174 dose distribution pairs demonstrated robust performance, with bias and precision within clinically acceptable limits. Linearity assessments confirmed consistent behavior across a wide range of dose intensities. Comparisons with gamma analysis showed substantial agreement (Cohen's Kappa: 0.77), while additional metrics highlighted its clinical suitability: precision (0.98), recall (0.95), accuracy (0.94), specificity (0.86), and F1-score (0.96). These results establish the algorithm as a promising complement to gamma analysis, with strong potential for clinical integration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100965,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Analysis","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A nondestructive method based on absorption of polychromatic neutron beam for monitoring internal gas of sealed container","authors":"Xinxi Li ,&nbsp;Bo Li ,&nbsp;Yun Wang ,&nbsp;Liang Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoling Xiong ,&nbsp;Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Lin Zou ,&nbsp;Chaoqiang Huang ,&nbsp;Dong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.nucana.2025.100173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nucana.2025.100173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current work introduces a non-destructive testing method for evaluating the gas retention and internal pressure of sealed containers. Pulsed polychromatic neutrons of time-of-flight (TOF) neutron reflectometer <em>Diting</em> at the China Mianyang research reactor (CMRR) were utilized as the probe. By analyzing the transmitted neutron spectrum and employing an inversion fitting technique, the internal gas pressure with high accuracy up to 3 % can be determined. This method capitalizes on the large absorption cross-section of ³He gas, which provides the sensitivity required for detecting minute changes. The high intensity of the transmitted neutron beam enables rapid data collection, facilitating in situ measurement. The technique offers a direct measure of the gas pressure within sealed containers, which is significant for applications requiring quality control and safety measures, such as inertial confinement fusion (ICF) target pellet development and other non-destructive testing in various industries where the integrity and performance of sealed systems are paramount.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100965,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Analysis","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advancements of organic scintillators in enhancing the performance of fast neutron detection: A review","authors":"D. Arun Kumar ,&nbsp;E. Parthiban","doi":"10.1016/j.nucana.2025.100171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nucana.2025.100171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advancements in organic scintillators with neutron-gamma discrimination properties have significantly enhanced the performance of fast neutron detection, addressing critical needs in high energy physics, radiation therapy, homeland securities and well-logging industry. In this review, we summarize the latest developments in single-crystal organic materials focusing on their high light yield, excellent neutron-gamma discrimination and fast decay times. The first part of the review involves principles of scintillation, physical phenomenon and its mechanism of organic scintillation crystals. The second part presents the organic scintillation materials for fast neutron detection and its properties. Finally, in the third part delves into the potential applications and future prospects of organic scintillators, emphasizing their versatility in various detection systems. The findings underscore the pivotal role of organic scintillators in advancing fast neutron detection technology, paving the way for more efficient and reliable radiation monitoring solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100965,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Analysis","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiological impact assessment of produced water from oilfield production facilities in the Niger Delta region","authors":"Akorede O. Joledo ,&nbsp;Muyiwa M. Orosun ,&nbsp;Tarka Ademola","doi":"10.1016/j.nucana.2025.100174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nucana.2025.100174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The concentration of radionuclides in produced water can vary significantly depending on the geological formations and the extraction techniques deployed in the production of oil and gas resources. Several factors such as water-rock interactions, reservoir age, and flow rates influence the mobility and concentration of radionuclides. High concentrations of radionuclides in produced water can pose potential risks to human health and the environment. This study combines laboratory measurements using Gamma Spectrometry and numerical modelling techniques to assess the concentration, and radiological impact of radionuclide exposure in samples of produced water collected from oil and gas production facilities. The mean activity concentrations of ²³⁸U and ²³²Th were 1.09 ± 0.17 Bq/l and 5.53 ± 0.36 Bq/l, respectively, while ⁴⁰K was negligible. The radium equivalent activity (Ra_eq) in the produced water samples ranged from 1.53 Bq/l to 7.47 Bq/l, indicating a relatively low radiological hazard. This low radiological hazard was corroborated by the findings of the annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) and other impact parameters. The Th/U ratios for the samples ranged from 3.00 to 40.30, suggesting varying levels of uranium and thorium content in the produced water samples. The significantly higher Th/U ratio in sample B suggests the presence of specific geological conditions favoring thorium retention, which may have radiological implications, particularly regarding radon gas emissions and associated health risks in confined spaces. The presence of ²²⁶Ra in location B indicates geological leaching, while the variations in ²³²Th and ²³⁸U concentrations reflect differences in local geology and hydrogeochemical processes. The absence of detectable ⁴⁰K activity implies that potassium-rich mineral sources have limited influence on the produced water chemistry, although further analysis is needed to assess Potassium's overall geochemical contribution. These findings emphasize the need for continued monitoring and detailed geochemical assessments to better understand radionuclide mobility, potential contamination pathways, and their long-term environmental impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100965,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Analysis","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach with quadrupole magnets for precise deflection, scattering and focusing of very high energy electron beams (VHEE)","authors":"Mustapha Assalmi ,&nbsp;Abdullah Alshreef ,&nbsp;Sofia Jebbari ,&nbsp;Assia Arectout ,&nbsp;Pedro Arce ,&nbsp;El Yamani Diaf","doi":"10.1016/j.nucana.2025.100172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nucana.2025.100172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel approach involving quadrupole magnets has been proposed to deflect and disperse electrons in the irradiation fields, as well as a system for focusing beams at specific depths. This research also presents a comparison between VHEE and conventional radiotherapy, supported by the validation of our Monte Carlo simulations using real measurement data for low-energy electrons (6, 9 and 15 MeV) in water and air, thus ensuring the reliability of our results. Simulations demonstrate high accuracy, with agreement with measurement data of up to 0.58 % and less than 1.86 % for all validated energies and fields. The results show a significant reduction in entrance dose (82.4 %) with focused beams compared to unfocused beams, as well as a 17.6 % reduction at a depth of 30 cm. The study of the spread electron peak (SOEP) for 4 focused beams varies in magnetic field intensity to cover a depth of 11 cm–18 cm, with an entrance dose at a depth of 0.5 mm of 27.15 % and 24.5 % of the exit dose at a depth of 40 cm. The VHEEs also offer the advantage of low Linear Energy Transfer (LET) compared with protons, which reduces the risk of damage several times over.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100965,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Analysis","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New single-toroidal sintered diamond anvil and assembly for high pressure neutron diffraction","authors":"Leiming Fang,&nbsp;Gongzhang Yang,&nbsp;Guoliang Niu,&nbsp;Ruiqi He,&nbsp;Jiacheng Sun,&nbsp;Xiping Chen,&nbsp;Lei Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.nucana.2024.100142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nucana.2024.100142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>In-situ</em> high pressure neutron diffraction experiments, which require a large volume samples, remain challenging, particularly when generating simultaneous high pressure-temperature (<em>P</em>-<em>T</em>) conditions. Although high pressure neutron diffraction experiments have been successfully extended to pressures exceeding 20 GPa, generating pressures over 10 GPa with a large sample volume in the millimeter scale is still difficult. Based on the strategy of introducing gaskets in multi-anvil press, a new single-toroidal sintered diamond anvil and high <em>P</em>-<em>T</em> assembly have been designed for use in the Paris-Edinburgh press, to promoting the neutron diffraction technique with a broadened <em>P</em>-<em>T</em> range. This new single-toroidal set-up can achieve pressure exceeding 14 GPa, with a pressure generating efficiency is nearly same as that of double-toroidal anvil, and exhibits remarkable stability during high <em>P</em>-<em>T</em> experiments. The high <em>P</em>-<em>T</em> neutron diffraction experiments demonstrate that the new set-up can achieves a pressure of 8.7(1) GPa and a temperature of 1380(15) K with a large sample volume of 38 mm³.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100965,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Analysis","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elastic scattering of Lithium induced nuclear reactions","authors":"S. Madhu ,&nbsp;Reddi Rani L. ,&nbsp;H.C. Manjunatha ,&nbsp;N. Sowmya ,&nbsp;H.S. Anushree ,&nbsp;Krishnakanth E.","doi":"10.1016/j.nucana.2025.100153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nucana.2025.100153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A total of 347 experimentally accessible lithium-induced fusion reactions at various energies were analyzed. The study utilized real nuclear potential and volume imaginary potential within the optical model framework, with elastic cross-sections calculated using the FRESCO code. The value derived from the optical model agrees well with existing results at various scattering angles. The study refines existing empirical relations for elastic scattering by improving predictive accuracy and expanding their applicability to under explored reaction channels. Compared to previous models, our relations achieve better alignment with experimental data for lithium-induced reactions, particularly at higher energies. The standard deviation derived from the empirical relationship with that of experimental data is observed to be smaller. Elastic scattering cross-sections of <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>Li-induced fusion reactions are function of the Coulomb-interaction parameter and center of mass energy. As a result, the current methodology may be used to forecast elastic scattering cross-sections of <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>Li-induced fusion reactions in unknown isotopes of targets ranging from Li to Bi.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100965,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Analysis","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use GIS technical to map natural radioactivity in soil samples for the University of Kufa, Iraq","authors":"Abrrar Abbas Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Abdalsattar K. Hashim ,&nbsp;Ali Abid Abojassim","doi":"10.1016/j.nucana.2024.100139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nucana.2024.100139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>GIS \"Geographic Information System\" technology was used to map the specific activity (S.A.) of primordial radionuclides ²³⁸U, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K in selected soil samples for twelve locations at the University of Kufa, Iraq. S.A. values were determined using gamma spectrometry type NaI(Tl) with volume “3 × 3”. Also, the values of radiological parameters such as Ra_eq \"radium equivalent\", H_ex \"external hazard index\", I_γr \"representative gamma risk index\", D_r \"Absorbed Dose rate\", AEDE_outdoor \"Annual Effective Dose Equivalent in outdoor\", and ELCR \"Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk\" were determined. The average value of S.A. for ²³⁸U, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K was 10.35 ± 0.9 Bq/kg, 7.31 ± 1.8 Bq/kg, and 256.19 ± 55.7 Bq/kg, respectively. While, the average values of Ra_eq (Bq/kg), H_ex, I_γr, D_r (nGy/h), AEDE_outdoor (mSv/y), and ELCR were 48.00, 0.130, 0.373, 23.70, 0.029, and 0.102 × 10⁻³, respectively. The results of S.A. and each radiological parameter of the study area locations were low according to acceptable level reports by UNSCEAR, ICRP, and OCDE. Therefore, it can be concluded that the soil samples of the University of Kufa were safe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100965,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Analysis","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}