Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado最新文献

Protocolo de indicaciones y profilaxis de la endocarditis infecciosa 感染性心内炎的适应症和预防规程

Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.med.2025.08.006

A. González Leal, J.L. Zamorano Gómez

引用次数: 0

Estimación del riesgo cardiovascular: objetivos de control, pruebas de imagen y factores de riesgo emergentes 心血管风险估计：监测目标、成像测试和新出现的危险因素

Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.med.2025.08.012

A. Ruiz-Saavedra, F. Luquero-Bachiller, A.J. Herruzo-León, J.A. Serpa-Morán, C. Tejada-González, A. Leandro-Barros, A. García-Lledó

{"title":"Estimación del riesgo cardiovascular: objetivos de control, pruebas de imagen y factores de riesgo emergentes","authors":"A. Ruiz-Saavedra, F. Luquero-Bachiller, A.J. Herruzo-León, J.A. Serpa-Morán, C. Tejada-González, A. Leandro-Barros, A. García-Lledó","doi":"10.1016/j.med.2025.08.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.med.2025.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assessing cardiovascular risk (CVR) makes it possible to estimate the risk that individuals in a given population have of different cardiovascular events in a given period of time. Performing an assessment requires the identification of risk factors, including age, sex, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and smoking, in addition to other lifestyle-related risk factors (e.g., sedentary lifestyle), analytical determinations (lipoprotein A, C-reactive protein), or imaging tests (coronary calcium). Using risk assessment tools such as SCORE2, REGICOR, or the Framingham Risk Score, it is possible to obtain a snapshot of the risk of individuals whose risk factors are measured by means of systematic and/or opportunistic screening strategies. The objective of these actions is to help establish measures to prevent atherosclerosis, the basis of most cardiovascular diseases. A healthy lifestyle should be promoted in all individuals (Mediterranean diet, exercise, smoking cessation) and, depending on the estimated risk, personalized drug treatments. Factors such as frailty, family history, and socioeconomic status complement the assessment and help personalize risk management. Effective doctor-patient communication and treatment adherence are key to ensuring successful prevention and management of CVR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100912,"journal":{"name":"Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado","volume":"14 39","pages":"Pages 2372-2384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Protocolo terapéutico de la endocarditis infecciosa 感染性心内膜炎治疗方案

Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.med.2025.08.007

A. González Leal, J.L. Zamorano Gómez

引用次数: 0

Varón de 81 años con EPOC e hipertensión arterial con soplo cardíaco aórtico y disnea 81岁男性，慢性阻塞性肺病和高血压伴主动脉瓣和呼吸困难

Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.med.2025.08.008

A. González Leal, J.L. Zamorano Gómez

引用次数: 0

Protocolo terapéutico de la hipertensión arterial: población general y poblaciones especiales 高血压治疗方案：一般人群和特殊人群

Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.med.2025.08.017

A. Ruiz-Saavedra, J. García-Pérez-Velasco, J.A. Serpa-Morán, C. Tejada-González, A. Leandro-Barros

引用次数: 0

Ateroesclerosis. Etiopatogenia. Placa estable y placa vulnerable. Rotura de placa. Resumen de las manifestaciones clínicas a nivel sistémico Ateroesclerosis。Etiopatogenia。稳定板和脆弱板。板断裂。系统级临床表现总结

Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.med.2025.08.009

C. Tejada-González, A.J. Herruzo-León, F. Luquero-Bachiller, J. Serpa-Morán, A. Leandro-Barros, A. Ruiz-Saavedra, C. Torán-Martínez, A. García-Lledó

{"title":"Ateroesclerosis. Etiopatogenia. Placa estable y placa vulnerable. Rotura de placa. Resumen de las manifestaciones clínicas a nivel sistémico","authors":"C. Tejada-González, A.J. Herruzo-León, F. Luquero-Bachiller, J. Serpa-Morán, A. Leandro-Barros, A. Ruiz-Saavedra, C. Torán-Martínez, A. García-Lledó","doi":"10.1016/j.med.2025.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.med.2025.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease characterized by the deposition of lipids in the intima layer of medium- and large-caliber arteries that causes the formation of atheromatous plaques. It is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Risk factors include hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, hypertension, and unhealthy habits. The development of plaques, which is closely linked to risk factors, begins with endothelial dysfunction and the accumulation of oxidized LDL cholesterol followed by inflammation and cell migration. This generates a vicious cycle that increases the risk of cardiovascular events such as heart attacks and strokes. It is a phenomenon of lipid infiltration, inflammation, and repair whose balance depends on the stability of the plaques, which can be stable or vulnerable. Inflammation plays a central role in disease progression. It is mediated by macrophages and foam cells that secrete proinflammatory cytokines. Other mechanisms, such as hypoxia and reverse cholesterol transport, influence plaque stability. Clinical manifestations include ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, and renal and oncologic complications. The therapeutic approach includes primary and secondary prevention by controlling risk factors and specific therapies to stabilize plaques and reduce acute events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100912,"journal":{"name":"Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado","volume":"14 39","pages":"Pages 2349-2356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factores de riesgo mal controlados, nuevo infarto asegurado 危险因素控制不当，保证再次发生心脏病

Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.med.2025.08.018

C. Tejada-González, V. Bonilla-Jiménez, A. Leandro-Barros, J. Serpa-Morán, C. Tejada-González, A. Ruiz-Saavedra

引用次数: 0

Hipertensión arterial: etiopatogenia, clínica, historia natural, complicaciones y tratamiento. Hipertensión arterial en el anciano y en el embarazo 高血压：病因、临床、自然史、并发症和治疗。老年人和孕妇的高血压

Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.med.2025.08.013

A. Ruiz-Saavedra , J. García-Pérez-Velasco , J.A. Serpa-Morán , C. Tejada-González , A. Leandro-Barros , A. García-Lledó

{"title":"Hipertensión arterial: etiopatogenia, clínica, historia natural, complicaciones y tratamiento. Hipertensión arterial en el anciano y en el embarazo","authors":"A. Ruiz-Saavedra , J. García-Pérez-Velasco , J.A. Serpa-Morán , C. Tejada-González , A. Leandro-Barros , A. García-Lledó","doi":"10.1016/j.med.2025.08.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.med.2025.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypertension (HT) is a complex disease characterized by a persistent increase in blood pressure associated with an increased risk of certain complications and premature death. This update provides an analysis of the fundamental concepts related to HT, including its etiology, etiopathogenic mechanisms, clinical manifestations, natural history of the disease, associated complications, and treatment strategies, with a particular focus on vulnerable groups such as older adults and pregnant people. In addition, risk factors and cardiovascular risk modifiers are studied. The importance of detecting resistant and secondary hypertension is emphasized as well as the effect of lifestyle habits and comorbidities on disease progression. Treatment includes, among other measures, lifestyle modifications, following a Mediterranean diet, reducing sodium intake, weight control, regular exercise, and a personalized pharmacological approach that combines angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers, and diuretics. New strategies such as renal denervation and the use of innovative agents such as GLP-1 receptor agonists and aldosterone synthase inhibitors are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100912,"journal":{"name":"Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado","volume":"14 39","pages":"Pages 2385-2399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Protocolo diagnóstico y terapéutico de la valvulopatía aórtica en el anciano 老年人主动脉瓣膜病的诊断和治疗方案

Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.med.2025.08.004

A. González Leal, J.L. Zamorano Gómez

引用次数: 0

Valvulopatía mitral Valvulopatía mitral

Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.med.2025.08.002

A. González Leal, J.L. Zamorano Gómez

{"title":"Valvulopatía mitral","authors":"A. González Leal, J.L. Zamorano Gómez","doi":"10.1016/j.med.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.med.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mitral valve is a complex structure responsible for directing flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. Mitral valve disease can manifest mainly as mitral stenosis, mitral insufficiency, or a combination of both. Mitral stenosis, often associated with rheumatic fever, causes narrowing of the valve, making it difficult for blood to flow to the ventricle. On the other hand, mitral insufficiency is characterized by incomplete closure of the mitral valve, allowing blood to leak backward into the left atrium during ventricular systole. Both conditions generate hemodynamic overload; cardiac remodeling; and symptoms such as dyspnea, fatigue, and arrhythmias. Atrial fibrillation is also a common complication. Diagnosis is based on a clinical assessment and echocardiographic studies. In some cases, more advanced tests, such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography, or invasive tests, such as cardiac catheterization, are required. Treatment ranges from medical management to relieve symptoms to surgical or percutaneous interventions such as valve replacement or repair. A comprehensive understanding of mitral valve disease is key to an effective approach and improving these patients’ quality of life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100912,"journal":{"name":"Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado","volume":"14 38","pages":"Pages 2304-2316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0