{"title":"Gear Tooth Root Bending Strength Estimation under the Assumption of Fatigue Limit Existence","authors":"Luca Bonaiti, Carlo Gorla","doi":"10.1155/2022/5056057","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/5056057","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Being able to properly predict gear failure is a key aspect to achieve a reliable light-weight gearbox. Among the several gear failures, tooth root bending fatigue is considered as the most dangerous one because it implies the stoppage of the whole gearbox. In order to characterize a gear for this phenomena, Single Tooth Bending Fatigue (STBF) tests are the most performed ones. However, as in STBF test THERE IS no sliding/rolling contact and as the specimens are teeth rather than gears, some differences occur between the test conditions and those of the real case. This paper deals with the statistical ones that is the estimation of the gear SN curve starting from the teeth one. The teeth SN curve has been estimated by means of a statistical model developed considering Murakami’s idea of nonpropagating crack. Then, a methodology based on statistic of extreme is adopted for the purpose of estimating the gear SN curve.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100886,"journal":{"name":"Material Design & Processing Communications","volume":"2022 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2022/5056057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78477263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Maximum Inclusion Size Evaluation and Fatigue Strength Analysis of 40Cr Structural Steel","authors":"Yingxin Zhao, Aiguo Zhao","doi":"10.1155/2022/4566471","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/4566471","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Statistics of extreme values (SEV) and generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) are adopted to predict the maximum inclusion size in 40Cr structural steel, and the fatigue strength was estimated according to the obtained maximum inclusion size. The estimated results were compared with the experimental results obtained in rotating bending fatigue testing, where all failure-relevant inclusions of the present study were quantitatively analyzed with respect to <span></span><math></math> (square root of the projected inclusion area). Both the estimation results are consistent with the experimental results. Furthermore, a suitable maximum inclusion size equal to the prior austenite grain size is proposed for the material manufacturing process.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100886,"journal":{"name":"Material Design & Processing Communications","volume":"2022 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2022/4566471","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79258157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matheus Rodrigues Furlani, Sheila Medeiros de Carvalho, Rafael Humberto Mota de Siqueira, Milton Sergio Fernandes de Lima
{"title":"Reduced Coefficient of Friction of Laser Surface Hardened AISI 4130 Steel Substrates","authors":"Matheus Rodrigues Furlani, Sheila Medeiros de Carvalho, Rafael Humberto Mota de Siqueira, Milton Sergio Fernandes de Lima","doi":"10.1155/2022/7541853","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/7541853","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>AISI 4130 steels have been used in several engineering applications, although presenting limited hardenability in conventional heat treatments. This contribution is aimed at determining the final hardness and reciprocating wear coefficient of friction (COF) after a given laser surface treatment (LST) with or without a carbon coating (C). The results indicated that the bare (B, without coating) condition produced a deeper case depth as a result of the carbon-rich plasma shielding. The observed microstructural features in the cases B and C showed martensite transformation and cementite formation; the latter is entirely in the C condition. Simple calculations using Rosenthal’s formalism indicate a high cooling rate, estimated as 32 <sup>′</sup>280°C/s 40 <i>μ</i>m below the irradiated surface and a heat-affected zone bounded by the austenite locus. The hardness near to the surface was higher in case C than in case B, but the overall final hardness is more pronounced when the surface is bare (B) due to plasma shielding. On the other hand, the final COF was very low in the C case (0.1) compared to the B condition (0.6).</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100886,"journal":{"name":"Material Design & Processing Communications","volume":"2022 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2022/7541853","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84049024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dionysios Linardatos, Konstantinos Velissarakos, Ioannis Valais, George Fountos, Nektarios Kalyvas, Christos Michail
{"title":"Cerium Bromide Single-Crystal X-Ray Detection and Spectral Compatibility Assessment with Various Optical Sensors","authors":"Dionysios Linardatos, Konstantinos Velissarakos, Ioannis Valais, George Fountos, Nektarios Kalyvas, Christos Michail","doi":"10.1155/2022/7008940","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/7008940","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Scintillators with high light yield (LY) values are of interest for medical imaging applications, in harsh environments, nondestructive testing (NDT), etc. CeBr<sub>3</sub> has a LY of 60000 photons per MeV, a value much higher than other efficient materials, such as Lu<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>:Ce (25000 photons/MeV); thus, its X-ray detection properties would be of interest to be examined for medical imaging applications. The X-ray detection and absorption properties of a single crystal CeBr<sub>3</sub> sample along with the compatibility of its produced light with various optoelectronic sensors were examined. In this study, the quantum detection (QDE) and the energy absorption efficiency (EAE) of CeBr<sub>3</sub> were calculated. The findings were compared with data for 10 × 10 × 10 mm<sup>3</sup> Lu<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>:Ce and CaF<sub>2</sub>:Eu single crystals. The measured optical spectrum produced by CeBr<sub>3</sub> was well correlated with the spectral response of commercial optical sensors, yielding spectral matching higher than 93% for various photocathodes, e.g., GaAs (94%), E-S20 (95%), and bialkali and multialkali (95-97%), as well as with flat panel position-sensitive photomultipliers (95-99%). The energy absorption properties of CeBr<sub>3</sub> were found higher than those of Lu<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>:Ce and CaF<sub>2</sub>:Eu for X-ray tube voltages greater than 100 kVp. The quantum detection efficiency was 100% across the examined energy range. Even though CeBr<sub>3</sub> is hygroscopic and has a mediocre 5.1 g/cm<sup>3</sup> density, the QDE, EAE, and spectral correlation results are promising for medical imaging applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100886,"journal":{"name":"Material Design & Processing Communications","volume":"2022 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2022/7008940","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81408412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Effect of the Stress Ratio on Fatigue Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion","authors":"A. Cutolo, C. Elangeswaran, B. Van Hooreweder","doi":"10.1155/2022/3530603","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/3530603","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Fatigue life estimation of Ti-6Al-4V parts produced by additive manufacturing (AM) technologies has received increasing interest during the last decade. Recent studies focused mostly on the fatigue performance of Ti-6Al-4V considering a fixed stress ratio (<i>R</i>), usually 0.1 or −1. However, in order to properly design structural components subjected to variable loads, the effect of different stress ratios on the fatigue performance has to be carefully investigated. This research studies the stress ratio influence on the fatigue properties of Ti-6Al-4V specimens produced by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF). Miniaturized Ti-6Al-4V samples were tested with the step procedure for different <i>R</i> values. A constant life Haigh's diagram (2 · 10<sup>6</sup> cycles) was generated for L-PBF Ti-6Al-4V in as-built, electro-polished, and machined surface condition. The results present for the first time the relations between alternating and mean stresses for L-PBF Ti-6Al-4V with a fine <i>α</i> + <i>β</i> microstructure when different surface posttreatments are used to enhance the coupons’ final surface quality.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100886,"journal":{"name":"Material Design & Processing Communications","volume":"2022 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2022/3530603","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89866925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Costanzo Bellini, Vittorio Di Cocco, Francesco Iacoviello, Larisa Patricia Mocanu
{"title":"Numerical Modelling of Fibre Metal Laminate Flexural Behaviour","authors":"Costanzo Bellini, Vittorio Di Cocco, Francesco Iacoviello, Larisa Patricia Mocanu","doi":"10.1155/2022/3401406","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/3401406","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The employment of hybrid materials is frequently a solution for applications demanding high structural performances. FMLs (Fibre Metal Laminates) represent a group of hybrid materials, composed of metal sheets and composite material layers, and they exhibit good mechanical properties due to the presence of both types of material. The aim of this article is to introduce an FEM numerical model suitable for the prediction of the flexural behaviour of aluminium sheets/carbon fibre composite FMLs. Particular attention was paid to the simulation of the interface between the metal and the composite material. Therefore, the model for the three-point bending loading of two types of specimens was prepared: a specimen type presented a structural adhesive at the interface, while the other one was bonded by using the resin of the composite material. Experimental tests were carried out to validate the numerical model, and both the obtained load-displacement curves and the failure characteristics were compared with the results of numerical simulation. The appropriateness of the proposed model was witnessed by the correspondence between experimental and numerical results.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100886,"journal":{"name":"Material Design & Processing Communications","volume":"2022 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2022/3401406","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78004693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Variation of Poisson’s Ratio with Axial Strain for Three-Dimensional Reentrant Auxetic Structures","authors":"Dan Andrei Şerban","doi":"10.1155/2022/2623601","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/2623601","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study presents numerical investigations of the influence of structural parameters on the variation of the Poisson ratio with axial strain for auxetic structures. Three-dimensional reentrant structures were considered with variable strut thickness to length ratio and reentrance angles. The variation of the volume, relative density, and relative stiffness with axial strain was also studied.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100886,"journal":{"name":"Material Design & Processing Communications","volume":"2022 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2022/2623601","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80723735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Costanzo Bellini, Rosario Borrelli, Vittorio Di Cocco, Stefania Franchitti, Francesco Iacoviello, Larisa Patricia Mocanu, Luca Sorrentino
{"title":"Failure energy and stiffness of titanium lattice specimens produced by electron beam melting process","authors":"Costanzo Bellini, Rosario Borrelli, Vittorio Di Cocco, Stefania Franchitti, Francesco Iacoviello, Larisa Patricia Mocanu, Luca Sorrentino","doi":"10.1002/mdp2.268","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mdp2.268","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lattice structures allow achieving high stiffness and strength, maintaining the part weight low. There exist different technologies for the manufacturing of such structures, but the one having high flexibility and offering the possibility of producing parts with complex geometries is the additive manufacturing process. In this paper, titanium specimens with different lengths, presenting a lattice structure as a core, were manufactured by electron beam melting (EBM) process. Then, the bending properties, like stiffness and failure energy, were experimentally determined by subjecting the specimens to the three-point bending test. The analysis of the fracture surface was carried out too. The three-point bending test evidenced that the longer the span was, the higher the elastic contribution over the plastic one was; moreover, the fracture morphology evidenced a ductile behaviour of the material.</p>","PeriodicalId":100886,"journal":{"name":"Material Design & Processing Communications","volume":"3 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mdp2.268","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77460742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effects of layers orientation on impact energy evaluation of FDM printed specimens","authors":"Iulian-Ionut Ailinei, Sergiu Valentin Galatanu, Liviu Marsavina","doi":"10.1002/mdp2.267","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mdp2.267","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper investigates the effects of layers orientation on impact energy absorbed by acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) test specimens, obtained by additive manufacturing (AM), having three in-plane deposition directions (0°, 45°, and 90°). The specimens were tested with instrumented Charpy hammer, CEAST 9050 Pendulum Impact System, according to standard ISO179-1. Unnotched specimens were tested in edgewise direction based on measured velocity and impact force; absorbed energy was computed. The average energy obtained during impact tests for specimens with the orientation of the layers at 45° was about 0.39 J. For those with layer orientation at 0° and 90°, respectively, it was 0.63 and 0.81 J. A hinge break failure mode was observed for 0° and 90° specimens, and brittle fracture for 45° specimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":100886,"journal":{"name":"Material Design & Processing Communications","volume":"3 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mdp2.267","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73531952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A hybrid multiple-criteria decision-making approach for selecting optimal automotive brake friction composite","authors":"Tej Singh","doi":"10.1002/mdp2.266","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mdp2.266","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this research article, a hybrid multiple-criteria decision-making approach was implemented to select the optimal brake friction formulation according to several conflicting performance-defining criteria. Friction material formulations based on different abrasives (magnesium oxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, and silicon dioxide) were designed, fabricated, and tested for various tribological properties. The inclusions of aluminum oxide proved best from performance and fade coefficient of friction, friction stability, friction fluctuations, and friction variability point of view but confirmed worst in terms of wear and disc temperature rise. The lowest wear and lowest rise in disc temperature were exhibited by zinc oxide added composite. The highest recovery coefficient of friction was displayed by silicon dioxide added composite. Since no single composite alternative could merely satisfy all the desired attributes. To find the optimum composite option for automotive braking application, hybrid analytic hierarchy process (AHP)–criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC)–technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) was used to make the final decision. The results show that the formulation with titanium dioxide as abrasive exhibits the optimal properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":100886,"journal":{"name":"Material Design & Processing Communications","volume":"3 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mdp2.266","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78885175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}