Maritime Transport Research最新文献_第4页

A Systems-Level Study of Ammonia and Hydrogen for Maritime Transport 海洋运输用氨和氢的系统级研究

Maritime Transport Research Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.martra.2023.100099

Jessie R. Smith , Epaminondas Mastorakos

{"title":"A Systems-Level Study of Ammonia and Hydrogen for Maritime Transport","authors":"Jessie R. Smith , Epaminondas Mastorakos","doi":"10.1016/j.martra.2023.100099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.martra.2023.100099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An energy systems comparison of grid-electricity derived liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquid ammonia (LNH3) is conducted to assess their relative potential in a low-carbon future. Under various voyage weather conditions, their performance is analysed for use in cargo transport, energy vectors for low-carbon electricity transport, and fuel supply. The analysis relies on literature projections for technological development and grid decarbonisation towards 2050. Various voyages are investigated from regions such as North America (NA), Europe (E), and Latin America (LA), to regions projected to have a higher electricity and fuel grid carbon intensity (CI) (i.e., Asia Pacific, Africa, the Middle-East, and the CIS). In terms of reducing the CI of electricity and fuel at the destination port, use of LH2 is predicted to be favourable relative to LNH3, whereas LNH3 is favourable for low-carbon transport of cargo. As targeted by the International Maritime Organisation, journeys of LNH3 cargo ships originating in NA, E, and LA achieve a reduction in volumetric energy efficiency design index (kg-CO<sub>2</sub>/m<sup>3</sup>-km) of at least 70% relative to 2008 levels. The same targets can be met globally if LH2 is supplied to high CI regions for production of LNH3 for cargo transport. A future shipping system thus benefits from the use of both LH2 and LNH3 for different functions. However, there are additional challenges associated with the use of LH2. Relative to LNH3, 1.6 to 1.7 times the number of LH2 ships are required to deliver the same energy. Even when reliquefaction is employed, their success is reliant on the avoidance of rough sea states (i.e., Beaufort Numbers >= 6) where fuel depletion rates during a voyage are impractical.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100885,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Transport Research","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100099"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49878817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A gap analysis for automated cargo handling operations with geared vessels frequenting small sized ports 小型港口齿轮船自动货物装卸作业的差距分析

Maritime Transport Research Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.martra.2023.100098

Mariann Merz , Esten Ingar Grøtli , Odd Erik Mørkrid , Espen Tangstad , Synne Fossøy , Håvard Nordahl

{"title":"A gap analysis for automated cargo handling operations with geared vessels frequenting small sized ports","authors":"Mariann Merz , Esten Ingar Grøtli , Odd Erik Mørkrid , Espen Tangstad , Synne Fossøy , Håvard Nordahl","doi":"10.1016/j.martra.2023.100098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.martra.2023.100098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the Yara Birkeland, the world’s first autonomous cargo ship developed for commercial use, nearing regular unmanned operation, it is crucial to assess the availability and readiness of unmanned cargo handling solutions. While there are already fully automated container terminals at large international ports, the purpose of this study is to consider solutions to support autonomous ships for small sized ports with little infrastructure, typical of coastal harbors in Norway. The analysis centers on geared cargo vessels that can navigate such ports with minimal or no crew onboard, and the primary method used involved workshops and interviews with personnel from relevant industries. An important finding is the lack of skilled crane operators that are willing to follow the ship. The study concludes that it is important to address the following 3 key technological gaps: (1) the autonomous connection and release of break-bulk, (2) automatic securing and lashing of onboard cargo, and (3) shipboard cranes that can operate without an onsite crane operator.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100885,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Transport Research","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49878814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The interrelationship between coastal, Great Lakes, Inland, and deep-sea freight rates: A longitudinal approach 沿海、五大湖、内陆和深海运费之间的相互关系:纵向方法

Maritime Transport Research Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.martra.2023.100097

Joshua Shackman , Margaret Ward

{"title":"The interrelationship between coastal, Great Lakes, Inland, and deep-sea freight rates: A longitudinal approach","authors":"Joshua Shackman , Margaret Ward","doi":"10.1016/j.martra.2023.100097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.martra.2023.100097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines freight rates in four key areas of the U.S. water freight transportation industry –coastal, Great Lakes/St. Lawrence River, inland waterways, and deep-sea shipping. The data involved in this study includes longitudinal data from 2008 to 2021 on freight rates in all four of these sectors along with data on macroeconomic variables and commodity prices. The purpose of this study is as follows: (A) examine lead/lag relationships between the four freight rates, (B) examine lead/lag relationships between the freight rates and macroeconomic variables, and (C) examine lead/lag relationships between the freight rates and commodity prices. We do find significant predictive power for freight rates both on each other as well as for macroeconomic indicators. In terms of predicting other freight rates, inland freight rates are the only ones to predict all three other freight rates. Both inland and deep-sea freight rates are shown to be strong at predicting macroeconomic indicators in the short run, but deep sea has greater long-term predictive power. Commodity prices on the other hand are only minimally predicted by freight rates but are also strong predictors of inland freight rates. Coastal and Great Lake freight rates are shown only to have minimal predictive power. Differences in competitive conditions, as well as the type of cargo between these four sectors, are proposed as an explanation for these results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100885,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Transport Research","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100097"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49878811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A high-fidelity approach to modeling weather-dependent fuel consumption on ship routes with speed optimization 基于航速优化的航路油耗高保真度建模方法

Maritime Transport Research Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.martra.2023.100096

Andreas Breivik Ormevik , Kjetil Fagerholt , Frank Meisel , Endre Sandvik

{"title":"A high-fidelity approach to modeling weather-dependent fuel consumption on ship routes with speed optimization","authors":"Andreas Breivik Ormevik , Kjetil Fagerholt , Frank Meisel , Endre Sandvik","doi":"10.1016/j.martra.2023.100096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.martra.2023.100096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we present the scheduling problem on a given route where speed optimization under various weather conditions is to be performed. Different approaches for calculating fuel consumption for vessels are introduced with a discussion of how this might influence the speed optimization strategies on predetermined multi-stop routes in a short sea shipping service within offshore logistics. Due to both spatial and temporal changes in weather conditions, fuel consumption as a function of speed becomes time-dependent as a vessel performs its route in varying weather. In our novel approach, the weather impact on fuel consumption for the considered vessels is modeled with a higher level of detail than in previously conducted studies, including both wave direction and wave period as input together with the wave height. We test our approach for optimizing schedules on a large set of routes of different lengths and number of stops, as well as for a set of different weather samples based on historical observations. When comparing the new approach to current industry practice, the computational study reveals on average a 4.5% reduction in fuel consumption across the different routes and weather scenarios. The magnitude of the reduction potential increases for worsening weather conditions. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how the approach commonly used for modeling weather impacts in the literature tends to greatly miscalculate the true cost of performing a voyage in realistic weather conditions. Finally, we discuss how the model fidelity is likely to affect the outcome of the routing decisions at a higher planning level, representing a potential for even further reductions of fuel consumption in various weather conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100885,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Transport Research","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49878815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seasonality of the global cruise industry 全球邮轮行业的季节性

Maritime Transport Research Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.martra.2023.100094

Hirohito Ito , Shinya Hanaoka , Kashin Sugishita

{"title":"Seasonality of the global cruise industry","authors":"Hirohito Ito , Shinya Hanaoka , Kashin Sugishita","doi":"10.1016/j.martra.2023.100094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.martra.2023.100094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Seasonality is a unique characteristic of the cruise industry. Cruise lines move their ship deployment areas seasonally to meet tourism needs. Taking advantage of the climatic differences between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres could allow greater growth in the global cruise industry. This study aims to provide basic findings for governments and ports to consider ways to encourage growth by capitalizing on the seasonality of the global cruise industry. Automatic identification system data for all ocean-going cruise ships worldwide in 2019 were compiled and categorized into three travel groups (short, middle, and long) based on the latitudinal distance traveled. Differences between these three groups were analyzed in terms of deployment area/port, vessel size, and itinerary design. As a result, we found that the long travel group had the following characteristics. Cruise ships were deployed to Alaska and Northern Europe in summer and dispersed to the equator and Southern Hemisphere in winter. The vessel size was standard and neither too large nor too small. Specifically, long travel of cruise ships was limited by the maximum gross tonnage, length, and breadth of the ship, but there was no draught restriction. Although the number of nodes and edges, and the average degree comprising the itineraries were high, hub ports appeared only in the summer. Furthermore, despite the long distances traveled by season, the number of communities tended to be small, reflecting the design of their itineraries. In conclusion, the development of several ports in the Southern Hemisphere that can accommodate mega-sized cruise ships with standard draught, while considering overtourism, would allow cruise ships to take advantage of the seasonality and, thereby, grow the cruise industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100885,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Transport Research","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49878819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and application of a key performance indicator (KPI) framework for autonomous shipping in Europe 欧洲自主航运关键绩效指标(KPI)框架的设计与应用

Maritime Transport Research Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.martra.2023.100095

Thalis P.V. Zis , Harilaos N. Psaraftis , Martina Reche-Vilanova

{"title":"Design and application of a key performance indicator (KPI) framework for autonomous shipping in Europe","authors":"Thalis P.V. Zis , Harilaos N. Psaraftis , Martina Reche-Vilanova","doi":"10.1016/j.martra.2023.100095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.martra.2023.100095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The European Union (EU) transport policy recognizes the importance of the waterborne transport systems as key elements for sustainable growth in Europe. By 2030, 30% of total road freight over 300 km should shift to rail or waterborne transport, and more than 50% by 2050. Thus far, this ambition has failed but there have been several project initiatives within the EU to address these issues. In one of these projects, we consider a new waterborne transport system for Europe that is green, robust, flexible, more automated and autonomous, and able to connect both rural and urban terminals. The purpose of this paper is to describe work and preliminary results from this project. To that effect, and in order to assess any solutions contemplated, a comprehensive set of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) has been defined, and three specific use cases within Europe are examined and evaluated according to these KPIs. KPIs represent the criteria under which the set of solutions developed are evaluated, and also compared to non-autonomous solutions. They are grouped under economic, environmental and social KPIs. KPIs have been selected after a consultation process involving project partners and external Advisory Group members. Links to EU transport and other regulatory action are also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100885,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Transport Research","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100095"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49878818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Carbon dioxide mitigation from public procurement with environmental conditions: The case of short-sea shipping in Norway 有环境条件的公共采购减少二氧化碳排放:挪威短途海运的案例

Maritime Transport Research Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.martra.2023.100085

Asbjørn Torvanger , Jostein Tvedt , Inger Beate Hovi

{"title":"Carbon dioxide mitigation from public procurement with environmental conditions: The case of short-sea shipping in Norway","authors":"Asbjørn Torvanger , Jostein Tvedt , Inger Beate Hovi","doi":"10.1016/j.martra.2023.100085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.martra.2023.100085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate the potential for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission cuts for the Norwegian short-sea (domestic) maritime segments of express boats, offshore support vessels, and aquaculture support vessels in comparison to ferries in Norway. Public procurement conditional on climate-friendly operation is catalyzing a transition to battery-electric operation, where most ferries will be battery-electric or fueled by hydrogen by 2030. The comparison to ferries is performed with the help of a methodology inspired by the multi-attribute utility method, which contains 11 features related to technology, operation, and acceptance. This score is used to adjust the 70% CO<sub>2</sub> emission reduction achieved by ferries. Based on this methodology, the CO<sub>2</sub> emission reduction potential for express boats, offshore support vessels, and aquaculture support vessels is estimated to be 46%. Consequently, these short-sea shipping segments could reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by 0.8 million tonnes from 2017 to 2030, which is equivalent to 1.5% of Norwegian emissions in 2017. Norway's experience indicates that there is a sizable potential for reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions for public procurement conditional on climate-friendly solutions for short-sea shipping in other shipping nations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100885,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Transport Research","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49881276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Self-labelling of tugboat operation using unsupervised machine learning and intensity indicator 使用无监督机器学习和强度指示器的拖船操作自标记

Maritime Transport Research Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.martra.2023.100082

Januwar Hadi , Dimitrios Konovessis , Zhi Yung Tay

引用次数: 1

The strategy of the port development company; a framework based on the business ecosystems perspective and an application to the case of Port of Rotterdam 港口开发公司的战略;基于商业生态系统视角的框架及其在鹿特丹港案例中的应用

Maritime Transport Research Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.martra.2023.100089

Peter W. de Langen

{"title":"The strategy of the port development company; a framework based on the business ecosystems perspective and an application to the case of Port of Rotterdam","authors":"Peter W. de Langen","doi":"10.1016/j.martra.2023.100089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.martra.2023.100089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper advances the conceptual understanding of strategies of port development companies (PDCs) through applying the business ecosystem perspective. This leads to a distinction between four stylized strategies for PDCs and associated types of services: minimalist (six services), integrator (six services) and ecosystem services (six services). An analysis of the services provided by a PDC reveals which strategy they follow. This approach is tested through a case study of Port of Rotterdam Authority (PoR for short) the state-owned PDC in charge of developing Rotterdam's port complex. This case study yields three important conclusions: first the relevance of the identified service types is confirmed, as PoR is or has been active in providing 15 of the 18 identified service types, more specifically all six ‘minimalist services’, all six ‘ecosystem services’ and three of the six ‘integrator services’. Second, PoR follows a ‘platform provider’ strategy. Third, the provision of ‘ecosystem services’ seems to become a more important part of PoRs activities. The number of provided ecosystem services has grown between 2006 and 2021 and investments in ecosystem services account for an increasing share of PoRs total investments. These results provide a basis for further research, amongst others to better understand factors that may influence the strategies of PDCs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100885,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Transport Research","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100089"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49881275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SafeWay: Improving the safety of autonomous waypoint detection in maritime using transformer and interpolation SafeWay:利用变压器和插值提高海上自主航点检测的安全性

Maritime Transport Research Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.martra.2023.100086

Dogan Altan , Dusica Marijan , Tetyana Kholodna

{"title":"SafeWay: Improving the safety of autonomous waypoint detection in maritime using transformer and interpolation","authors":"Dogan Altan , Dusica Marijan , Tetyana Kholodna","doi":"10.1016/j.martra.2023.100086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.martra.2023.100086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Detecting waypoints where vessels change their behavior (i.e., maneuvers, speed changes, etc.) is essential for optimizing vessel trajectories to increase the efficiency and safety of sailing. However, accurately detecting waypoints is challenging due to potential AIS data quality issues (i.e., missing or inaccurate messages). In this paper, we propose a five-step learning approach (SafeWay) to estimate waypoints on a given AIS trajectory. First, we interpolate trajectories to tackle AIS data quality issues. Then, we annotate historical trajectories by using an existing waypoint library that contains historical waypoints. As the historical waypoints are passage plans manually created by port operators considering sailing conditions at that time, they are not specific to other historical trajectories between the same ports. We, therefore, use a similarity metric to determine overlapping segments of historical trajectories with the historical waypoints from the waypoint library. Then, we build a transformer model to capture vessel movement patterns based on speed- and location-related features. We do not process location features directly to avoid learning location-specific context, but take into account tailored delta features. We test our approach on a real-world AIS dataset collected from the Norwegian Sea between Å lesund and Måløy and show its effectiveness in terms of a harmonic mean of purity and coverage, mean absolute error and detection rate on the task of detecting trajectory waypoints compared to a state-of-the-art approach. We also show the effectiveness of the trained model on the trajectories obtained from two other regions, the North Sea (London and Rotterdam) and the North Atlantic Ocean (Setubal and Gibraltar), on which the model has not been trained. The experiments indicate that our interpolation-enabled transformer design provides improvements in the safety of the estimated waypoints.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100885,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Transport Research","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100086"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49881283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2