Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia最新文献

{"title":"Effects of epidural xylazine on EEG responses to surgical stimulation during isoflurane anaesthesia in dogs","authors":"K.A. Otto ,&nbsp;S. Piepenbrock ,&nbsp;B. Rischke ,&nbsp;C. Bötel","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00266.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00266.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effects of epidural administration of 250 μg/kg xylazine on EEG responses to surgical stimulation of 5 different intensities were evaluated during isoflurane anaesthesia for an experimental orthopaedic procedure in dogs. The dogs were assigned randomly to one of 2 treatment groups receiving either xylazine (n = 4) or equal volumes of sterile water (n = 4) (control group) epidurally.</p><p>Intense surgical stimulation during removal of a bone graft from the dorsoiliac spine of the ileum was associated with a significantly (P = 0.0339) higher increase in EEG alpha/delta ratio after epidural administration of sterile water than after epidural injection of 250 μg/kg of xylazine. In addition, the preincision baseline values for 80% spectral edge frequency were significantly (P = 0.0339) lower in the xylazine group compared to control dogs. Our results suggest that epidural administration of 250 μg/kg of xylazine during orthopaedic procedures in dogs exerts antinociceptive effects which may be in part mediated by a supraspinal effect of xylazine.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia","volume":"24 1","pages":"Pages 33-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00266.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72285524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disposition of propofol after medetomidine premedication in beagle dogs","authors":"L.W. Hall ,&nbsp;E. Lagerweij ,&nbsp;A.M. Nolan ,&nbsp;J.W. Sear","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00264.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00264.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Propofol by infusion was administered to 6 adult beagle dogs on 2 separate occasions. The dogs received either no premedication or 20 μg/kg im medetomidine 15 min before induction of anaesthesia, with propofol given at 7 mg/kg/min to permit tracheal intubation. After tracheal intubation the infusion rate was maintained for 120 min at 0.4 mg/kg/min in the non-premedicated, and 0.2 mg/kg/min in the premedicated dogs. The latter group received atipamezole 50 μg/kg im immediately at the end of the infusion.</p><p>After induction of anaesthesia, a 7F balloon catheter designed for thermal dilution measurement of cardiac output was inserted via the right jugular vein. Blood propofol concentrations were measured by HPLC with fluorescence detection and kinetic variables calculated using non-compartmental moment analysis.</p><p>The induction dose of propofol was 7.00 (sem 0.55) mg/kg in non-premedicated compared with 3.09 (0.25) mg/kg in premedicated dogs. There were differences in systemic clearance and mean residence time (MRT_iv); 47.5 (6.2) ml/kg/min <em>vs</em> 29.0 (4.4) ml/kg/min (non-premedicated <em>vs</em> premedicated) and 132.3 (5.2) min <em>vs</em> 152.4 (3.1) min (P &lt; 0.02 and P &lt; 0.001, respectively). Cardiorespiratory effects were similar in the 2 groups although heart rate was lower in the premedicated dogs. Venous admixture was high (20–45%) but similar in the 2 groups.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia","volume":"24 1","pages":"Pages 23-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00264.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72279922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular effects of doxacurium chloride in isoflurane-anaesthetised dogs","authors":"E.A. Martinez ,&nbsp;A.A. Wooldridge ,&nbsp;D.E. Mercer ,&nbsp;M.R. Slater ,&nbsp;S.M. Hartsfield","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00261.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00261.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cardiovascular effects of doxacurium were studied in 6 isoflurane-anaesthetised dogs. Each dog was anaesthetised twice, receiving doxacurium (0.008 mg/kg bwt) or placebo iv. Dogs were ventilated to normocapnia. Heart rate, cardiac index, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures, stroke volume, pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and pulmonary arterial pressure were determined. Neuromuscular blockade was assessed using the train-of-four technique. After recording baseline values, dogs randomly received either doxacurium or placebo iv, and data were recorded at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 min. At 120 min, dogs treated with doxacurium received edrophonìum (0.5 mg/kg bwt iv) to antagonise neuromuscular blockade; dogs treated with placebos received saline iv. No statistically significant differences were detected after doxacurium compared to placebo. In both the doxacurium and placebo groups, significant increases in systolic arterial blood pressure, cardiac index, and stroke volume and a significant decrease in systemic vascular resistance occurred with time. Doxacurium depressed twitch tension 100% in all dogs (time to maximal twitch depression, 11 ± 7 min). First twitch tension was less than 10% of baseline values in all dogs at the time (120 min) of edrophonium administration. Additional edrophonium (1.0 ± 0.4 mg/kg iv) was required to obtain a fourth twitch to first twitch ratio of greater than 0.70. In conclusion, doxacurium is a long-acting neuromuscular blocking agent with no significant cardiovascular effects in isoflurane-anesthetised dogs. In dogs, doxacurium is indicated primarily for long surgical procedures requiring neuromuscular blockade and cardiovascular stability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia","volume":"24 1","pages":"Pages 10-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00261.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72285519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of glycopyrrolate on heart rate and intestinal motility in conscious horses","authors":"S. Singh, W. McDonell, S. Young, D. Dyson","doi":"10.1111/J.1467-2995.1997.TB00262.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-2995.1997.TB00262.X","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Glycopyrrolate (GLY) is a synthetic quaternary ammonium anticholinergic compound which offers a number of advantages over atropine, including less arrhythmogenic influence and lack of significant effect upon the central nervous system, eyes and foetus. Five healthy horses (7.4 ± 2.2 years, 462 ± 31.7 kg) were administered 2.5, 5 and 10 μg/kg doses of GLY iv in a randomised and blinded manner with at least 48 h between treatments. The electrocardiogram and heart rate were recorded on an oscilloscopic and chart recorder while gastrointestinal (GIT) motility was assessed by auscultation of 4 abdominal quadrants, assigning a subjective score from 0 (no motility) to 4 (normal motility). Heart rate, which was observed at baseline, 2, 5, 10, 15, 30 min, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 h post GLY, revealed no change with the 2.5 μg/kg dose, and an increase with 5 μg/kg (59%) and 10 μg/kg (109%) for up to 1 h. The 2.5 and 5 μg/kg doses did not prevent the development of second degree atrioventricular block in some horses for up to 15 min, while the 10 μg/kg dose eliminated any pre-existing block within 5 min. There was a complete loss of GIT motility with the 5 and 10 μg/kg doses and partial loss with the 2.5 μg/kg dose. Subsequent return of motility was apparently dose-dependent with 50% of baseline motility score returning in 2.4, 6.4 and 11.5 h with 2.5, 5 and 10 μg/kg doses, respectively. Two horses receiving a 10 μg/kg dose developed abdominal discomfort. Passage of faeces and appetite were not significantly different with any dose. Glycopyrrolate did not induce any change in the pupillary response to a light source at any stage of observation. The results of this study indicate that 5 μg/kg induces a reasonable increase in heart rate without affecting GIT motility for an excessive length of time in awake, healthy, adult, unsedated horses.","PeriodicalId":100854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia","volume":"53 3 1","pages":"14-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79719476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastro-oesophageal reflux during anaesthesia induced with either thiopentone or propofol in the dog","authors":"D. Raptopoulos ,&nbsp;A.D. Galatos","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00263.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00263.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lower oesophageal pH was monitored in 68 dogs under anaesthesia induced with either thiopentone or propofol and maintained with halothane in oxygen. Gastro-oesophageal reflux, as evidenced by a decrease in lower oesophageal pH to less than 4.0 or an increase to more than 7.5, occurred in 17.6% (6/34) and 50% (17/34) of the thiopentone-induced and the propofol-induced dogs, respectively, the difference between the 2 groups being significant. Reflux usually occurred shortly after the induction of anaesthesia and had a mean duration of about 46 min. On most occasions, in both groups, the refluxate was acid (pH &lt; 4.0), and in only 2 cases in each group, it was alkaline (pH &gt; 7.5). Gastric contents of pH below 2.5 were refluxed on 7 and 2 occasions in the propofol and the thiopentone group, respectively. Regurgitation occurred in only 2 dogs, one in each group. It was concluded that the higher incidence of reflux in the propofol-induced dogs may have been due to the greater decrease of lower oesophageal sphincter pressure induced by propofol than by thiopentone in dogs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia","volume":"24 1","pages":"Pages 20-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00263.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72279921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidural anaesthesia using lignocaine, bupivacaine or a mixture of lignocaine and bupivacaine in dogs","authors":"M.L. Cruz ,&nbsp;S.P.L. Luna ,&nbsp;R.M.O. Clark ,&nbsp;F. Massone ,&nbsp;G.B. Castro","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00265.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00265.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The time to loss of interdigital reflex, duration of action, duration of muscle relaxation and cardiorespiratory effects were compared after epidural block using lignocaine, bupivacaine or a combination of lignocaine and bupivacaine in dogs. Dogs were pre-medicated with methotrimeprazine, anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone, in order to facilitate epidural puncture, and a lumbosacral epidural block was performed. Body temperature fell after pre-medication, thiopentone and epidural anaesthesia. Minimal changes were observed in arterial O₂ saturation, end tidal CO₂, respiratory rate, heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure. The combination of bupivacaine with lignocaine produced a shorter time to loss of interdigital reflex than bupivacaine alone, longer analgesia than lignocaine alone and longer muscle relaxation than either lignocaine or bupivacaine. The combination appeared to be the best choice when surgical time is prolonged.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia","volume":"24 1","pages":"Pages 30-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00265.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72285523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes for Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00268.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00268.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia","volume":"24 1","pages":"Pages 44-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00268.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72285525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts of Scientific Papers Presented at the Spring Meeting of the Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists in Berne 29th February - 1st March 1996","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-2995.1996.tb00294.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1996.tb00294.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia","volume":"23 2","pages":"Pages 78-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1996.tb00294.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72294137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short duration anaesthesia for minor procedures in dogs","authors":"P.K. Peshin ,&nbsp;L.W. Hall","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-2995.1996.tb00292.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1996.tb00292.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Anaesthesia was maintained with 4 different techniques in each of 12 dogs of ASA grades I or 11 undergoing 4 treatment sessions of mega-voltage x-ray therapy at weekly intervals. After induction of anaesthesia with propofol, these dogs received either: i) continiious pi-opofol iv infusion together with nitrous oxide/oxygen by inhalation: ii) halothane in nitrous oxiddoxygen; iii) entluraiie in nitrous oxide/oxygen; or iv) isollurane in nitrous oxide/oxygen. Anaesthesia dways enabled irradiation to be performed but stable anaesthesia was achieved more easily when enflurnne was used. The incidence of undesirable effects during anaesthesia wiis low. Recovery from the end of anaesthesia to swallowing was fastest Lifter enfluraiie (2.2 min median) but the recovery times to walking were similar (medians: halothane 12.5 min; entlurane 12.0 min; isoflurane 12.5 min; propofol I3 min). Personal preferences. local facilities and cost are likely to be the deciding factors in choice of any one of these techniques for dogs undergoing short procedures unussociatcd with surgical stimulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia","volume":"23 2","pages":"Pages 70-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1996.tb00292.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72248047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prolonging dissociative anaesthesia in horses with a repeated bolus injection","authors":"S. Marntell ,&nbsp;G. Nyman","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-2995.1996.tb00291.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1996.tb00291.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effects of prolonging romifidine/ketamine anaesthesia in horses with a second injection of ketamine alone or both romifidine/ketamine compared with only induction injection of romifidine and tiletamine/zolazepam were studied in 6 horses anaesthetised in lateral recumbency on 3 random occasions. All horses were sedated with romifidine 0.1 mg/kg bwt iv and, on 2 occasions, anaesthesia was induced by iv injection of ketamine 2.2 mg/kg bwt. To prolong the ketamine-induced anaesthesia, either ketamine (I.1 mg/kg bwt iv) or ketamine and romifidine (I.1 mg/kg bwt and 0.04 mg/kg bwt iv, respectively) were given 18–20 min after the start of the ketamine injection for induction. On the third occasion, anaesthesia was induced by iv injection of 1.4 mg/kg bwt Zoletil (0.7 mg/kg bwt tiletamhe + 0.7 mg/kg bwt zolazepam).</p><p>No statistically significant differences in the measured cardiorespiratory function were found between the 3 groups. Heart rate was decreased significantly after sedation but increased during anaesthesia. Arterial blood pressure increased after sedation and remained high during anaesthesia. A significant decrease in arterial oxygen tension was observed in all groups during anaesthesia.</p><p>The muscle relaxation induced by romifidine was, in most cases, not sufficient to abolish the catalepsy following a repeated injection of ketamine alone. Zoletil or a repeated injection of ketaminehornifidine resulted in smoother anaesthesia. When additional time is required to complete surgery during field anaesthesia, it is advisable to prolong romifidine/ketamine anaesthesia with an injection of both romifidine and ketamine in healthy horses. When a longer procedure is anticipated from the start Zoletil is an alternative for induction of anaesthesia. The mean time to response to noxious stimuli and mean time spent in lateral recumbency was 28 and 38 min for the anaesthesia prolonged with ketamine, 3.5 and 43 rnin for the anaesthesia prolonged with ketaminehornifidine and 33 and 45 min for the anaesthesia with Zoletil. All horses reached a standing position at the first attempt.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia","volume":"23 2","pages":"Pages 64-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1467-2995.1996.tb00291.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72248048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}