Duihong Zhang , Ruoxi Wang , Xin Ouyang , Yaru Fu , Hao Wang , Feng Yan , Xiaoben Liu
{"title":"Experimental study of the full-scale burst failure behavior of carbon dioxide steel pipeline","authors":"Duihong Zhang , Ruoxi Wang , Xin Ouyang , Yaru Fu , Hao Wang , Feng Yan , Xiaoben Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) is an important strategic reserve technology to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Accelerating the application and development of CCUS technology is a realistic need and an important path for the energy industry to achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. It is the most economical method to transport CO<sub>2</sub> from carbon source to carbon sink in supercritical state through pipeline. The key issue of supercritical/dense phase CO<sub>2</sub> pipeline design is whether the pipeline steel has an adequate toughness to arrest running ductile fracture. For the study of toughness requirements of pipeline, full-scale burst test is the most direct and effective method at present. In order to research the toughness requirements of the supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> pipeline, the first full-scale burst test of CO<sub>2</sub> pipeline in China was carried out. The X65 steel pipeline with an outer diameter of 323.9 mm and a wall thickness of 7.2–7.6 mm was used as the test pipe. The test gas was 95% CO<sub>2</sub> + 4% N<sub>2</sub> + 1% H<sub>2</sub>, the test pressure was 11.85 MPa, and the temperature was 12.6 °C. The test results show that the axial prefabricated crack of the crack initiation pipe was successfully detonated and the crack propagated along the axial direction. On the west side, the crack was arrested at the girth weld of the two pipelines, and on the east side the crack was arrested ductilely because the base metal of the pipeline had sufficient toughness. The test steel pipe showed typical ductile shear fracture characteristics. The data of crack propagation velocity, pressure and temperature were collected, and the test results were accurate. After the burst of the pipe, the high-pressure gas in the pipe was sprayed upward and out in the opposite direction of the wind direction, and then diffused along the wind direction to the external field under the action of the wind velocity. This test provides data support for China to master the development, pipeline design and construction technology of million-ton CO<sub>2</sub> pipeline. The test results will significantly improve the prediction accuracy of crack arrest toughness of CO<sub>2</sub> pipeline of China, and provide important technical support for the safe construction and operation of global CO<sub>2</sub> pipeline.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100221"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weibiao Qiao , Qianli Ma , Yulou Yang , Haihong Xi , Nan Huang , Xinjun Yang , Liang Zhang
{"title":"Natural gas consumption forecasting using a novel two-stage model based on improved sparrow search algorithm","authors":"Weibiao Qiao , Qianli Ma , Yulou Yang , Haihong Xi , Nan Huang , Xinjun Yang , Liang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The foundation of natural gas intelligent scheduling is the accurate prediction of natural gas consumption (NGC). However, its volatility, brings difficulties and challenges in accurately predicting NGC. To address this problem, an improved model is developed combining improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA), long short-term memory (LSTM), and wavelet transform (WT). First, the performance of ISSA is tested. Second, the NGC is divided into several high- and low-frequency components applying different layers of Coilfets’, Fejer-Korovkins’, Symletss’, Haars’, and Discretes’ orders. In addition, the LSTM is applied to forecast the decomposed components in view of the one- and multi-step, and its hyper-parameters are optimized by ISSA. At last, the final prediction results are reconstructed. The research results indicate that: 1) Comparing to other machine algorithms (e.g., fuzzy neural network), the convergence speed and stability of ISSA are stronger in view of standard deviation and mean; 2) The prediction performance of the developed model is better than that of other forecasting models; 3) The forecasting performance of the single-step forecasting is superior to that of the two-, three-, and four- step; 4) The computational load of the proposed prediction model is the highest compared to other models, and the prediction accuracy is still excellent on the extended time series.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100220"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on scour stripping of oil-wax gels in pipes","authors":"Yu Zhang, Qiyu Huang, Xingyue Pu, Xun Zhang, Rongbin Li, Yijie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, soft gel stripping experiments were conducted under different temperatures and flow velocity conditions by a flow loop. The flow area of pipes increased with an increase in flow velocity. However, partial or complete removal of soft gels occurred when flow velocity increased to a critical point. The hydrodynamic force from oil flow, adhesive contact force and yield stress of soft gels were calculated and compared. The hydrodynamic force increased with an increase in flow velocity. Under the dissolution and shear effect, the flow area showed a step-wise increase when hydrodynamic force did not meet the requirements of adhesion failure and structural failure. The soft gels were stripped completely when the force met the requirements. The lower strength of soft gels resulted in lower requirements of adhesion failure and structural failure. Thus, accumulation problems of soft gels can be solved by changing flow parameters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100210"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667143324000374/pdfft?md5=df5ae03b82cf883076da83c8946beff2&pid=1-s2.0-S2667143324000374-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of a sectionalizing method for simulation of large-scale complicated natural gas pipeline networks","authors":"Duihong Zhang , Yi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By 2025, the total mileage of natural gas pipelines in China is expected to reach 163,000 km, placing urgent demands on the simulation technology for increasingly large-scale and more complicated pipeline networks. This paper describes the development of a new sectionalizing method, which is based on optimization strategy, for simulating large-scale and complicated natural gas pipeline networks. Based on analysis of the topological structures, the entire pipeline networks are decomposed into multiple sub-networks according to the connecting nodes between the adjoined pipelines. The sectionalizing method is then implemented by minimizing the residuals of conservation for continuity and momentum at the connecting nodes in isothermal mode. The hydraulic variables in each sub-network are obtained after the hydraulic variables at connecting nodes are updated. The calculation accuracy and efficiency of this sectionalizing method are demonstrated by comparison with a commercial software through three different test cases. It is shown that the maximum relative deviation of pressure of the method developed is within 2.5% of that calculated using the commercial software. In a 5 × 10<sup>4</sup> km test case with variable spatial step sizes, the computational efficiency is 2.1 to 3.2 times of that of the commercial software. The results of the three case studies suggest that this sectionalizing method is promising and suitable for application to large-scale complicate natural gas network simulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100209"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667143324000362/pdfft?md5=eadacce7bba2fad5cddedb59a3c2cb60&pid=1-s2.0-S2667143324000362-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141692764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrosion protection characteristics of doped magnetite layers on carbon steel surfaces in aqueous CO2 environments","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) corrosion product surface layers can limit uniform corrosion rates of carbon steel in aqueous carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>)-saturated environments. However, as Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> is a semiconductor, localised corrosion can proceed due to galvanic interaction between the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> layers and bare steel. In this study, metal dopants were integrated into Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> layers to mitigate the effects of localised corrosion, whilst maintaining its protective barrier properties. Model Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and metal-doped Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> layers were electrodeposited on carbon steel and immersed in a pH 5, 1 wt% sodium chloride (NaCl), CO<sub>2</sub>-saturated, 50 °C solution. Under the conditions studied, the incorporation of magnesium into the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> layer resulted in reduced localised corrosion when the 3D surface profiles of the underlying carbon steel were measured using white light interferometry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100199"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266714332400026X/pdfft?md5=647f03dbda1d8ecbe31cea7183b37179&pid=1-s2.0-S266714332400026X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141390500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuqian Ge , Weiqiu Huang , Xufei Li , Jian Yao , Qin Yang , Cheng Zhang , Xiangyu Kong , Ning Zhou
{"title":"Numerical investigation on oil leakage and migration from the accidental hole of tank wall in oil terminal of pipeline transportation system","authors":"Yuqian Ge , Weiqiu Huang , Xufei Li , Jian Yao , Qin Yang , Cheng Zhang , Xiangyu Kong , Ning Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a crucial component of the oil transportation system, the oil terminal (or oil tank farm) may often pose some serious threats and damage to the ecological environment and production safety for the oil leakage. An effective emergency management strategy is particularly significant, involving the accurate assessment of leakage time, oil migration path, volume distribution, etc. Therefore, the volume of fluid (VOF) and liquid phase leakage model were applied to investigate the migration and distribution characteristic after the accidental hole occurs in the tank wall, and influence factors including height and diameter of the hole were considered in our study. Results show that the lower the leaking hole position is, the faster the horizontal injection rate of the leakage hole, the increase of the accumulation area of the oil on the ground, and the difference in the overall pressure value at the leakage hole is nearly four times. Under different leakage diameters, the oil spill is symmetrical. The larger the leakage diameter, the higher the amount of oil leakage and the initial leakage speed, the maximum speed is 1.5 times the minimum speed, causing harm to safety and environmental pollution. These results can quickly locate the leakage location of the tank and provide valuable references for emergency management of the oil pipeline transportation system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667143324000039/pdfft?md5=1c6ca462db83f8366378d4056b1122a5&pid=1-s2.0-S2667143324000039-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139636593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sylvester Agbo , Kshama Roy , Samer Adeeb , Yong Li
{"title":"A systematic literature review on permanent ground deformation patterns imposed on buried steel pipelines","authors":"Sylvester Agbo , Kshama Roy , Samer Adeeb , Yong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2023.100151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2023.100151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Overtime, continuous research efforts have been devoted to investigating the effects of permanent ground deformation (PGD) on buried pipelines. These efforts have faced major uncertainties in the ground movement patterns that impose displacement-controlled loads on pipelines. This study presents a systematic review of the PGD patterns available in the literature for the analysis of buried pipelines, with particular emphasis on the PGD directions relative to pipeline axes. Depending on the directions, PGD patterns are divided into three groups: longitudinal, transverse and oblique. The relevant literature is organized into four main categories: experimental, numerical, analytical and probabilistic. Seven different PGD patterns (block, ramp, step, ridge, sinusoidal, asymmetric ridge, and asymmetric sinusoidal) available in the literature are discussed in this study. All these PGD patterns, except asymmetric sinusoidal, were applied in the longitudinal direction. In contrast, only three (block, sinusoidal and asymmetric sinusoidal) were applied transversely, which indicates a potential gap considering the randomness of PGD relative to pipeline axes. Besides, one additional PGD pattern (trapezoidal) is suggested in the present study based on the literature review. The findings of the present study show that 84 % of the reviewed cases considered either block or sinusoidal PGD pattern, while only 16 % considered the other PGD patterns (ramp, step, ridge, asymmetric ridge, and asymmetric sinusoidal). Almost all these 16 % reviewed cases assumed pipelines primarily as linear elastic materials. Based on these observations, the present study recommends a comprehensive study on the effects of all the mentioned PGD patterns on pipelines in all three directions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100151"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667143323000434/pdfft?md5=9ad2946740083f71f6382b52286fd371&pid=1-s2.0-S2667143323000434-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135668915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pengchao Chen , Yunbin Ma , Rui Li , Yongjun Cai , Qiujuan Li , Guoyu Li , Xiaoben Liu
{"title":"Development of safe operation technology of crude oil pipeline in permafrost regions","authors":"Pengchao Chen , Yunbin Ma , Rui Li , Yongjun Cai , Qiujuan Li , Guoyu Li , Xiaoben Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2023.100152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpse.2023.100152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>China Mohe‒Daqing Pipeline is the world first large diameter and positive temperature buried pipeline that crosses the unstable and discontinuous permafrost regions. The permafrost along the pipeline is characterized by its high temperature, large ice content, high sensitivity to external disturbance and extremely poor thermal stability. Thus, it is a great global engineering challenge to lay and operate a stable positive temperature pipeline under the harsh conditions of “permafrost land, frigid environment and fragile ecology” while, at the same time, protecting its fragile ecological environment. Herein, the characteristics of permafrost along the pipeline were systematically analyzed, and the current scientific and technical problems in the phases of pipeline designing, constructing and operating were put forward. This thesis made significant innovative breakthroughs in the coupling mechanism of permafrost and pipelines, the design and control of hydro-thermal stable environment for permafrost and pipeline, and the monitoring, prevention and control of permafrost and pipeline disasters, thus creating a complete set of key technical systems for pipeline construction and operation in frozen soil regions. Through analyzing the performance of this system in recent ten years, it is verified that the technical achievements served to the high-quality construction and stable operation of the pipeline.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667143323000446/pdfft?md5=5ed274e7b6ef1cf194aa2f25ef3fb11f&pid=1-s2.0-S2667143323000446-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141424200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ailing Wang , Xiaoran Tian , Shuaihua Wang , Xiao Xing , Jianguo Liu , Gan Cui , Yi Zhang
{"title":"Study of the nickel concentration effect on toughness and hydrogen embrittlement resistance of pipeline steel","authors":"Ailing Wang , Xiaoran Tian , Shuaihua Wang , Xiao Xing , Jianguo Liu , Gan Cui , Yi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Experimental tests and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to investigate the effect of Ni concentration on the toughness and hydrogen embrittlement resistance of pipeline steel. A slow strain rate test (SSRT) was conducted under both air and electrochemical hydrogen charging conditions. The results indicate that the tensile toughness, impact toughness, and hydrogen embrittlement resistance of steel increase when Ni concentration is less than 1 %, followed by a decrease when Ni concentration exceeds 1 %. Additionally, an increase in Ni concentration leads to a reduction in both the free surface energy and stacking fault energy of Fe-Ni alloys. Since Ni has a greater influence on the stacking fault energy, dislocation emission is facilitated, which aids in releasing strain energy. However, when the Ni concentration surpasses 1 %, the formation of carbides, which are sensitive to hydrogen embrittlement, occurs. Consequently, when the Ni concentration is higher than 1 %, the toughness and hydrogen embrittlement resistance of steel decrease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667143324000040/pdfft?md5=fae2b24e8771aaee7abd1da77b6926ff&pid=1-s2.0-S2667143324000040-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139631938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yun Lei , Shuangshuang Li , Haoran Zhu , Dehua Lai , Shaoliang Zeng , Haoping Peng , Qianqian Shao , Pengfei Yu
{"title":"Experimental study on the influence of asphaltenes with small dosage on the rheological and gelation behavior of waxy mixtures","authors":"Yun Lei , Shuangshuang Li , Haoran Zhu , Dehua Lai , Shaoliang Zeng , Haoping Peng , Qianqian Shao , Pengfei Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2023.100172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpse.2023.100172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Asphaltene, the heaviest and most polar non-hydrocarbon component in crude oil, may interact with waxes and affect the flow and gelation behavior of waxy oils. To further study the effect of asphaltene on the flow and gelation behavior of waxy oils, five wax-containing simulated oils with small dosage asphaltene content were prepared. Through pour point and rheometer test, it is found that asphaltenes can improve the low-temperature rheology of waxy oil. There is no critical turning point above which the low-temperature flowability improved. With an increase in asphaltene content from 0 wt% to 0.1 wt%, notable changes were observed in the properties of the waxy oil. The pour point, which measures the temperature at which the oil becomes too viscous to flow freely, exhibited a decrease from 25 ℃ to 13 ℃. Similarly, the gelation temperature, indicating the temperature at which the oil starts forming a gel-like consistency, also decreased from 29.0 ℃ to 27.1 ℃. These modifications can be attributed to the presence of asphaltene in the oil sample. This outcome can be attributed to the interference caused by the presence of asphaltenes, which disrupts the gel network structure of the waxy oil and consequently hinders its gelation process. Simultaneously, within the low asphaltene content range, an increase in asphaltene content resulted in a considerable decrease in the viscosity of the waxy oil at 10 °C, reducing it from 531.5 mPa s to 14 mPa s.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100172"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667143323000641/pdfft?md5=715ee69d866448f4f1053904bcb5e124&pid=1-s2.0-S2667143323000641-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141487196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}