{"title":"Effect of surfactant structure on MPD diffusion for interfacial polymerization","authors":"Shahriar Habib, Bryn E. Larson, Steven T. Weinman","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2023.100055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memlet.2023.100055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polyamide membranes made with surfactant-assisted interfacial polymerization (IP) have demonstrated the potential for excellent membrane performance. The presence of surfactants accelerates amine diffusion into the organic phase causing a more complete IP reaction. Even though surfactant-assisted IP has been used in polyamide membranes, the structure-property relationship of the surfactants on amine transport into the organic phase has not been explored in a systematic manner. In this work, MPD diffusion from a membrane support into <em>n</em>-dodecane in the presence of seven different surfactants, which were anionic, cationic, and non-ionic, was evaluated. When the surfactants were used at different concentrations, the MPD concentration was increased in the presence of anionic (48–80%), cationic (32–75%) and non-ionic (26%) surfactants. The MPD concentration was increased in the presence of anionic (by 48–72%), cationic (by 32–75%), and non-ionic surfactants (by 26%) at 15–60 s contact time. For further understanding, the interfacial tension in <em>n</em>-dodecane for the surfactants was measured, however, it did not correlate with our data. This study provides a better understanding of MPD diffusion in the presence of different types of surfactants during RO membrane synthesis, which will help us to engineer membranes with better permeability and selectivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49717239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rhea Verbeke , Douglas M. Davenport , Caroline Bogaerts , Samuel Eyley , Wim Thielemans , Ivo F.J. Vankelecom
{"title":"Epoxide-based TFC membranes with tunable performance in the tight nanofiltration range","authors":"Rhea Verbeke , Douglas M. Davenport , Caroline Bogaerts , Samuel Eyley , Wim Thielemans , Ivo F.J. Vankelecom","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2023.100054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memlet.2023.100054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Membrane technology offers promise as a breakthrough separation technology in many applications, but is frequently limited by the chemical stability of currently available membrane materials. Recently developed membranes utilizing epoxide-based chemistry have shown great potential as intrinsically stable thin-film composite membranes in water-based applications. However, as these membranes are in their infancy, many synthesis parameters are still to be explored. In this study, the versatility of epoxide chemistry is exploited to demonstrate its potential to serve as a new platform for membrane synthesis, even beyond the field of aqueous applications. It is proven here how the membrane performance can be tailored in a controllable way between 20 – 85% NaCl rejection with a water permeance between 0.5 – 3 L m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> bar<sup>−1</sup> by simply selecting epoxide monomers and initiators of different size and functionality. A systematic increase in water permeance and salt passage was observed for epoxide monomers that exhibit a lower functionality and a lower number of aromatic groups, while a threshold nucleophilicity and aliphatic chain length of the initiator are required to obtain a salt-selective layer. This work demonstrates the possibility to easily and predictably tune membrane performance in the tight nanofiltration range, while simultaneously achieving a better understanding of the synthesis-structure-performance relationship of this new class of promising membranes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100054"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49717243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keerthana Krishnan, Ashley L. Potter, Carolyn A. Koh, Moises A. Carreon
{"title":"Helium recovery from natural gas over CC3 membranes","authors":"Keerthana Krishnan, Ashley L. Potter, Carolyn A. Koh, Moises A. Carreon","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2023.100042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memlet.2023.100042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although helium is a valuable inert gas available in abundance in the earth's atmosphere, the major source of helium is from natural gas reservoirs. Membrane based separation processes pose many advantages like being cost effective and non-energy intensive. In this current study, we have successfully demonstrated the synthesis of continuous Porous Organic Cage: CC3 membranes to separate equimolar helium methane mixture with permeance of 4.45 × 10<sup>−7</sup> mol/ (m<sup>2</sup>s Pa) and separation selectivity (<span><math><mrow><mi>α</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> as high as 8. We also compared the diffusion coefficients of the gases through the membrane to evaluate the dominant mechanism for separation. Lastly, we compared the performance of our membranes to the state-of-the-art membranes with the help of a Robeson plot and found that our membranes outperformed the upper bound.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49735070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Solar enhanced membrane distillation for ammonia recovery","authors":"Kai Yang , Hongang Du , Mohan Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2023.100043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memlet.2023.100043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Directly recovering ammonia from waste streams is a sustainable approach for ammonia management since it saves energy from both the Haber-Bosch process, the major industrial method for ammonia synthesis, and wastewater treatment. Membrane distillation (MD), an evaporation-based membrane separation process, has been employed to recover ammonia from ammonia-rich wastewater due to the high volatility of ammonia. In this study, the photothermal effect is incorporated into MD to enhance the ammonia recovery from ammonia-rich wastewater. Carbon black particles are coated on the membrane surface to increase its absorption of solar irradiation at the solution-membrane interface and facilitate the ammonia transport across the membrane. We demonstrate that the system can recover ammonia at a maximum ammonia flux of 4.52 g-N·m<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> with a solar intensity of 1.7 kW·m<sup>−</sup><sup>2</sup>. The estimated mass transfer coefficient of carbon black coated membrane is 2.67 × 10<sup>−2</sup> m·h<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> with solar irradiation, enhanced by 30.8% when compared to that in a pristine membrane. We also confirm that the improvement of ammonia flux by photothermal effect is equivalent to heating the feed solution by 20–30 °C. Our study demonstrates a promising pathway for utilizing solar energy by photothermal effects to enhance MD for ammonia recovery from ammonia-rich wastewater.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100043"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49735078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chenyang Zhao , Yujia Liu , Hui Li , Fei An , Wei Xu , Zhe Yang , Bing Sun
{"title":"Sulfur-resistant MoO2/TS-1 zeolite armored PdCu alloy composite membrane for hydrogen separation under H2S containing steam","authors":"Chenyang Zhao , Yujia Liu , Hui Li , Fei An , Wei Xu , Zhe Yang , Bing Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2023.100037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memlet.2023.100037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sulfur poisoning could result in fast deterioration of Pd-based membranes by the formation of metal sulfides and reduction of hydrogen purity. The introduction of an MoO<sub>2</sub>/TS-1 layer could provide an effective protection of the Pd layer. Therefore, in this paper a synthetic method is presented for preparation of sulfur-resistant MoO<sub>2</sub>/TS-1 zeolite modified PdCu alloy composite membranes and their application in hydrogen separation under H<sub>2</sub>S containing steam. According to the stability test results, the MoO<sub>2</sub>/TS-1 zeolite armored layer obviously prolonged the stability of Pd based membrane. After 50 h stability test with 100 ppm H<sub>2</sub>S, there were no obvious structural changes and metal sulfide formation detected in the PdCu bulk from SEM images and XRD patterns, indicating that MoO<sub>2</sub>/TS-1 armor structure was good enough for protecting the PdCu alloy bulk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49717366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis of thin DD3R zeolite membranes on hollow fibers using gradient-centrifuged seeds for CO2/CH4 separation","authors":"Yue Zhou , Peng Du , Zhifei Song, Xinfa Zhang, Yu Liu, Yuting Zhang, Xuehong Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2023.100038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memlet.2023.100038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>All-silica DD3R zeolite has been recognized as a promising CO<sub>2</sub>-selective membrane material owing to its appropriate pore size (0.36 nm × 0.44 nm), strong hydrophobicity, excellent thermal and chemical stabilities. In order to reduce membrane cost, it is meaningful to synthesize thin DD3R zeolite membranes that possess high gas permeance. In this work, high-performance DD3R zeolite membranes were synthesized on TiO<sub>2</sub>/α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composite hollow fibers by secondary growth method. Sigma-1 zeolite seeds were ball-milled and then fractionated into different-sized seeds by gradient centrifugation. Smaller seed particles were collected after centrifuged at higher rotation speed rate. A very thin and dense DD3R zeolite membrane (thickness: 1.2 µm) was synthesized by using the smallest seeds (ZS4) with average particle size of 163 nm, which were obtained from the supernatant of the third centrifugation at 11,000 rpm. The as-synthesized membranes were employed in separation of equimolar CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> mixture. Compared with the original ball-milled seeds (ZS1)-induced membrane, the seed ZS4-induced membrane exhibited an improved CO<sub>2</sub> permeance of 1.2 × 10<sup>−7</sup> mol m<sup>−2</sup> Pa<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> by 62%. All the resultant membranes performed good CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> separation selectivities between 262 and 364.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100038"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49717364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fengxia Yang , Fuyi Cui , Yi Di Yuan , Xin Yu , Dan Zhao
{"title":"Mechanistic insights into the role of nanoparticles towards the enhanced performance of thin-film nanocomposite membranes","authors":"Fengxia Yang , Fuyi Cui , Yi Di Yuan , Xin Yu , Dan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2023.100046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memlet.2023.100046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes are promising in improving water treatment due to their high permeability and selectivity. However, little is known about the mechanism by which nanoparticles enhance their performance. In this study, we prepared two series of TFN membranes containing ∼40 nm-sized zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) nanoparticles, one with a hydrophobic porous form and the other with a nonporous amorphous form (aZIF-8). The TFN membranes containing 0.15 w/v% ZIF-8 exhibited a 100% increase in water permeance while maintaining a similar NaCl rejection (98.38%) compared to thin-film composite (TFC) membranes used in brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO). In contrast, adding the same amount of aZIF-8 resulted in almost no water permeance enhancement. By comparing the physicochemical properties of the two materials and the two series of membranes, we found that the only difference was the presence or absence of internal hydrophobic pore structures. We proposed that the hydrophobic internal pores of nanoparticles served as extra water channels while preventing the passage of NaCl during BWRO.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49735104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria A. Restrepo , Johannes Kamp , Lasse Guericke , Robin Schnichels , Hannah Roth , Matthias Wessling
{"title":"Single‐step polyelectrolyte complex coating on hollow fibers yields nanofiltration or biocatalytic properties","authors":"Maria A. Restrepo , Johannes Kamp , Lasse Guericke , Robin Schnichels , Hannah Roth , Matthias Wessling","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2023.100039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memlet.2023.100039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The modification of membranes with polyelectrolytes via the Layer-by-Layer (LBL) method has become state of the art in recent years. It is used to fabricate nanofiltration hollow fiber membranes or to immobilize biomolecules on a membrane surface. However, it still remains a time consuming process. In contrast, this work explores a single-step membrane modification with coating solutions containing both polyanions and polycations. High salt concentration in the coating solution suppresses the complexation of the polyelectrolytes prior to the coating. Then, the controlled reduction of the salt concentration during the coating triggers the formation of a polyelectrolyte complex layer on the membrane. Three coating methods are proposed: (1) In interfacial complexation (IC), the polyelectrolyte solution coats the membrane and is subsequently precipitated by flushing with water. (2) Diffusive desalination (DDS) uses the concentration difference between the coating solution in the lumen and a water stream in the shell side to remove salt ions continuously. (3) In polyelectrolyte concentration (PC), the polyelectrolyte solution is coated at a constant flux. Here, the membrane retains the polyelectrolyte while ions permeate through. First, we evaluate the coating methods regarding their ability to produce nanofiltration membranes, which varies depending on the coating method used. With PC, membranes with up to 79% MgCl<sub>2</sub> rejection and a permeability of 30 LMH/bar are obtained. Moreover, in-situ functionalization of the membranes is investigated by the addition of enzymes. Here, with DDS enzymes are immobilized, mostly achieved through adsorption via electrostatic interactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49735050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuekui Duan , Pınar Kaya , Heng-Yu Chi , Berna Topuz , Kumar Varoon Agrawal
{"title":"Fabrication of ZIF-8 membranes by direct assembly of nanosheets from bottom-up synthesis growth solution","authors":"Xuekui Duan , Pınar Kaya , Heng-Yu Chi , Berna Topuz , Kumar Varoon Agrawal","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2023.100045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memlet.2023.100045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) host intrinsically porous structure and rich structural and chemical features. Several MOFs with pore aperture comparable to the size of gas molecules have attracted interest to form the selective layer of membranes. Synthesis of MOFs in nanosheet morphology is highly attractive for this because one can use highly-scalable filter coating to make MOF membranes. However, conventional nanosheet based processing route require several processing steps including centrifugation to prepare a coating dispersion. Herein, we report facile preparation of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF) membranes by a straightforward assembly of nanosheets. ZIF-8 nanosheets were obtained by a direct bottom-up synthesis route where crystallization was optimized to obtain large, well-faceted 40-nm-thick nanosheets. Membranes, preferentially oriented along the <em>c</em>-out-of-plane direction, were fabricated by directly filtering the growth solution over a porous polymeric support without any further purification of nanosheets. This also ensures that only a small amount of precursor solution is used minimizing waste. The obtained membranes were compact and free of pinhole defects and yielded H<sub>2</sub>/C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub> ideal selectivity over 3000 at 25 °C. We anticipate that this approach can be applied to several MOFs which can be synthesized in nanosheet morphology, advancing the scalability prospects of MOF membranes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100045"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49717240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Data-driven future for nanofiltration: Escaping linearity","authors":"Gergo Ignacz, Aron K. Beke, Gyorgy Szekely","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2023.100040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memlet.2023.100040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Compared with traditional membrane separation methods such as distillation and chromatography, nanofiltration (NF) affords decreased waste generation and energy consumption. Despite the multiple advantages of NF and materials available for NF membranes, the industrial applicability of this process requires improvement. To address these challenges, we propose four important pillars for the future of membrane materials and process development. These four pillars are digitalization, structure–property analysis, miniaturization, and automation. We fill gaps in the development of NF membranes and processes by fostering the most promising contemporary technologies, e.g., the integration of process analytical technologies and the development of a parallel artificial nanofiltration permeability assay (PANPA) or large online databases. Moreover, we propose the extensive use of density functional theory-aided structure–property relationship methods to understand solute transport process at a molecular level. Realizing an inverse design would allow researchers and industrial scientists to develop custom membranes for specific applications using optimized properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49735028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}