Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ideas最新文献_第9页

Midwife-led care model for reducing caesarean rate: A novel concept for worldwide birth units where standard obstetric care still dominates 助产士主导的护理模式，以减少剖腹产率:一个新的概念，为世界各地的生育单位，其中标准的产科护理仍然占主导地位

Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ideas Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmhi.2012.03.013

Zhihua Wang, Wenchao Sun, Hong Zhou

{"title":"Midwife-led care model for reducing caesarean rate: A novel concept for worldwide birth units where standard obstetric care still dominates","authors":"Zhihua Wang, Wenchao Sun, Hong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jmhi.2012.03.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmhi.2012.03.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Caesarean rate has been increasing year by year in China and other countries in the world. In fact, caesarean section is associated with increased risk of maternal mortality and serious foetal pulmonary morbidity. To reduce caesarean rate, obstetricians in physician-based birth units get used to take early intervention for any delay in labour progress that could cause dystocia. However, standard obstetric care enhanced by obstetric power has not consistently been shown to reduce rate of caesarean delivery. Other than physician-based model, midwife-led model of care is aiming to promote normal birth by use of midwives’ skills as well as continuous support rather than augmentation of labour through excessive medical treatment. Midwife-led care model is novel to worldwide birth units where standard obstetric care still dominates. It has made some headway in efforts to reduce caesarean rate. The fact that standard obstetric care of childbirth have not consistently reduced rate of caesarean delivery encourages us for creating the hypotheses that midwife-led care model satisfying puerpera with care and support could minimise unnecessary obstetric intervention and facilitate vaginal birth, and finally reduces caesarean rate. This hypothesis, if confirmed, might have the potential to be disseminated elsewhere in the world, where most women still take standard obstetric care. Moreover, it has political implications for the national health-care policymaking.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ideas","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 28-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jmhi.2012.03.013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80567588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Proposing an antidote for poisonous phosphine in view of mitochondrial electrochemistry facts 根据线粒体电化学事实，提出一种有毒磷化氢的解毒剂

Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ideas Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmhi.2012.03.011

Reza Solgi, Mohammad Abdollahi

{"title":"Proposing an antidote for poisonous phosphine in view of mitochondrial electrochemistry facts","authors":"Reza Solgi, Mohammad Abdollahi","doi":"10.1016/j.jmhi.2012.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmhi.2012.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metal phosphides in general are potent pesticides that are a common cause of human poisoning. Various salts of phosphides produce highly toxic phosphine in exposure to gastric acid that results in multi-organ damage and death. There is no antidote for phosphine poisoning and most of human poisoned cases do not survive. All we know so far is that phosphine is a mitochondrial toxin that inhibits cellular respiration and induces oxidative stress. Mechanistically, phosphine as a reducing agent interacts with metal ion cofactors at the active site of enzymes and inhibits key enzymes such as cytochrome <em>C</em> oxidase that lead to inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. Phosphine (E0=−1.18V) as a reducing agent gives electrons to cytochrome <em>C</em> oxidase (E0=+0.29V). Metal phosphides with lower reduction potential are stronger electron donors and thus stronger poisons. Our hypothesis is that if an electron receiver stronger than cytochrome <em>C</em> oxidase is used then it would compete with cytochrome <em>C</em> oxidase in interaction with phosphine. This competition might prevent or reduce the inhibition of cellular respiration. This idea can be tested in an animal model of phosphine toxicity by monitoring cardiovascular state and measuring the cardiac mitochondrial function.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ideas","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 32-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jmhi.2012.03.011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83417824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Gold nanoparticles and lipoic acid as a novel anti-inflammatory treatment for autism, a hypothesis 金纳米颗粒和硫辛酸作为一种新的抗炎治疗自闭症，一个假设

Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ideas Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmhi.2012.03.004

Ahmad Ghanizadeh

{"title":"Gold nanoparticles and lipoic acid as a novel anti-inflammatory treatment for autism, a hypothesis","authors":"Ahmad Ghanizadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.jmhi.2012.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmhi.2012.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Autism is a neurodevelopment disorder. Its aetiology and pathophysiology are not clearly known. However, mitochondria may play a significant role at least in some cases of autism. There is no therapeutic approach for autism. Moreover, there are only few Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medications for autism. Therefore, providing novel therapeutic approaches are highly required. Oxidative stress is suggested as an important factor in the aetiology of autism. Already some interventions targeting oxidative stress in autism are suggested.</p><p>This article reviews evidence about the possible role of gold nanoparticles and lipoic acid (LA) as anti-inflammatory agents. It mentions some evidence about the possible role of oxidative stress. Then, the role of gold nanoparticles and LA for the management of autism is discussed.</p><p>According to the above-mentioned evidence, it is hypothesised that gold nanoparticles and LA may reduce neuro-inflammation in autism.</p><p>Controlled experimental studies are needed to test whether gold nanoparticles plus LA enhance antioxidative stress system leading to the improvement of autism clinical symptoms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ideas","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 40-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jmhi.2012.03.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90809400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

The human umbilical cord: A novel substitute for reconstruction of the extrahepatic bile duct 人脐带:肝外胆管重建的新替代品

Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ideas Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmhi.2012.03.001

Yao Cheng , Yixin Lin , Xianze Xiong, Sijia Wu, Jiong Lu, Nansheng Cheng

{"title":"The human umbilical cord: A novel substitute for reconstruction of the extrahepatic bile duct","authors":"Yao Cheng , Yixin Lin , Xianze Xiong, Sijia Wu, Jiong Lu, Nansheng Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jmhi.2012.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmhi.2012.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reconstruction of the extrahepatic bile duct following bile duct injury or defect is one of the most common challenges for hepatobiliary surgeons. There are currently a number of surgical strategies such as biliary-enteric anastomosis, end-to-end anastomosis and autologous tissue substitute. However, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction as well as biliary stricture may occur after surgical anastomosis. Also, insufficient tissue quantity remains a problem associated with the application of tissue substitute. Therefore, considerable attention has been attracted to explore a new replacement material of the bile duct for biliary reconstruction. The human umbilical cord (HUC) is abundant in resource and is convenient to collect, including two arteries and one vein, whose diameters are close to that of the common bile duct. In order to reduce immunogenicity (foreign-body reaction), cells and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens can be removed from the HUC and the remaining tissue (extracellular matrix, ECM) can be used as a scaffold. The HUC provides a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). A current study has demonstrated that MSCs are able to differentiate into biliary epithelial cells <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> with low immunogenicity, which can be used as seed cells. The HUC might be a promising composite material of a scaffold (ECM) and seed cells (biliary epithelial cells), for bile duct replacement <em>in situ</em> without removal of sphincter of Oddi, or biliary stricture. In addition, the patients’ own umbilical cord without any foreign-body reaction can be directly banked for possible future use in bile duct reconstruction. Therefore, we hypothesise that the HUC may be a novel substitute for reconstruction of the extrahepatic bile duct.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ideas","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 7-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jmhi.2012.03.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75270557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2