Journal of Holistic Integrative Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Research progress in the regulation of secondary metabolism in medicinal plants by MYB transcription factors","authors":"Xi Huang ,&nbsp;Quan Yang ,&nbsp;Hongyang Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.jhip.2024.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhip.2024.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MYB transcription factors (MYB TFs)are one of the largest families of transcription factors in plants, which are widely involved in various fields of plant growth and development, and play an important regulatory role in the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites. Most of the current studies on MYB transcription factors have focused on agricultural crops, and fewer studies have been conducted on medicinal plants. Therefore, this study reviews the research progress of plant MYB transcription factors in secondary metabolism of medicinal plants, which provides ideas and methods for better utilisation and development of medicinal plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100787,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Holistic Integrative Pharmacy","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 287-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143291711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamins strategies for psoriasis: An update on current scientific evidence","authors":"Suyash Agnihotri ,&nbsp;Jasleen Kaur ,&nbsp;Priya Masand ,&nbsp;Anurag ,&nbsp;Vipan Kumar Parihar ,&nbsp;Alok Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.jhip.2024.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhip.2024.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psoriasis is an aggressive chronic skin disorder that requires various therapies such as topical, oral, and occasionally, subcutaneous, or intravenous. In contrast, vitamins have more significant evidence in alteration to first-line therapies in the treatment of psoriasis. Vitamins such as fat-soluble and water-soluble supplements act as a secondary treatment that is given to reduce possible adverse effects from systematic medication, increase patient compliance, and consider affordable treatment costs. Here, the comparative study was conducted based on the data search from Pub Med, Google Scholar, Willy Library, etc., for both fat and water-soluble vitamins in psoriasis treatment first time. The present review summarizes the role of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E) and water-soluble vitamins (B₂, B₆, B₁₂, and C) based therapies in psoriasis treatment and result highlights the efficiency of oral supplementation of vitamins in psoriasis and systematic inflammation. Further, clinical studies along with <em>in-vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> based investigations have been compiled in this review, which shows that vitamins effectively can manage psoriasis. Additionally, the present review consists of chemical identification of both fat and water-soluble vitamins by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The role of vitamins therapies in psoriasis management is promising and can be further to give in new horizon for improving the treatment efficacy. This review could provide an insight into vitamins emerging therapy in the treatments of psoriasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100787,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Holistic Integrative Pharmacy","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 299-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143291715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying candidate drugs based on transcriptional landscape associated with triple-negative breast cancer","authors":"Yuqin Lin ,&nbsp;Yanghong Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiang Li ,&nbsp;Qi Chen ,&nbsp;Guoyu Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhip.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhip.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a special type of breast cancer in which ER, PR and HER2 are all negative, characterized by high malignancy, strong invasiveness, and high recurrence rate. It is critical to develop novel drugs for improved therapies for triple-negative breast cancers. Here, we unveiled the transcriptional landscape associated with triple-negative breast cancer and identified candidate drugs using a comprehensive connectivity map. The candidate components could induce reverse expressions of the TNBC gene expression signature and trigger transcriptional reprogramming with a positive impact on modulating chemoresistance and the survival probability of breast cancer patients. Our study also provided an example of drug discovery using <em>in silico</em> drug screening followed by further validations, illustrating an effective computational drug discovery strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100787,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Holistic Integrative Pharmacy","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 318-324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143291716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the therapeutic effects of Zingiberis Rhizoma Preparatum (Pao-Jiang) against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by metabolomics-guided analysis","authors":"Jianliang Geng ,&nbsp;Chen Chen ,&nbsp;Dabo Pan ,&nbsp;Qiuhong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhip.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhip.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Sheng-Jiang) is a kind of edible and medicinal plant resource in China. Both Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens and its dried form, Zingiberis Rhizome (Gan-Jiang), have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for the treatment of digestive disease. Based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, the heat-processed product of Zingiberis Rhizome, Zingiberis Rhizoma Preparatum (Pao-Jiang) is more effective in arresting bleeding and alleviating pain, which is suitable for relieving the classic symptoms of ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic relapsing idiopathic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. In present study, the pharmacological evaluation combined with metabolomics-guided analysis were applied to explore the intestinal protective effects and mechanism of Pao-Jiang on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. The pathological and biochemical tests showed that the water and alcohol extracts of Gan-Jiang and Pao-Jiang could reduce the disease activity index (DAI) and colon tissue damage, inhibit the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and leukocyte-mediated interleukin-1β and 6 (IL-1β and IL-6), and alleviate abnormal histopathological changes of UC mice in various degrees. The alcohol extracts of Pao-Jiang showed relatively better effects. Untargeted and targeted metabolomic profiling revealed that the alcohol extracts of Pao-Jiang can significantly reverse the UC induced metabolic perturbations, especially focuses on bile acids metabolism, eicosanoids and phospholipids metabolism. Furthermore, comparative chemical profiling and molecular docking analysis indicated that the contents of shogaols and gingerdiones in Pao-Jiang increased after heating processing and may contribute to the regulatory effects of bile acid synthesis and transport by interacting with CYP7A1, BSEP and IBABP, and promote the anti-inflammatory effects. This study expands our knowledge about potential function of Gan-Jiang and Pao-Jiang, and are of significance for providing insights into the scientific connotation of traditional Chinese medicine processing methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100787,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Holistic Integrative Pharmacy","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 272-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143291709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological project (SMART-PT) for transparency and methodological characteristics of randomized controlled trials of phytotherapy interventions","authors":"Cuncun Lu ,&nbsp;Xiuxiu Deng ,&nbsp;Ziyi Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Zhao ,&nbsp;Lixin Ke ,&nbsp;Zhifei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhip.2024.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhip.2024.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for evaluating the efficacy and safety of medical interventions. Phytotherapy, which plays a critical role in the prevention and treatment of many clinical conditions, is also evaluated by RCTs. In recent years, the transparency, methodology, and generalizability of RCTs, as well as disparities in gender and geographical location among researchers, have attracted much attention from the scientific community. However, these aspects of RCTs in phytotherapy interventions have not been fully evaluated. Therefore, a methodological project (i.e., SMART-PT, tranSparency and Methodological chAracteristics of Randomized controlled Trials of PhytoTherapy interventions) was designed to overcome these knowledge gaps and provide key references for relevant future RCTs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The SMART-PT project consists of five studies that will be conducted using RCTs derived from two high-impact phytotherapy journals, <em>Phytomedicine</em> and <em>Phytotherapy Research</em>. RCTs published in <em>Phytomedicine</em> and <em>Phytotherapy Research</em> were searched using the PubMed database from inception to February 13, 2023. Study selection was performed by two independent researchers, and data extraction and quality assessment will also be conducted independently by two researchers. First, we will investigate the reporting completeness, data-sharing level, and presence of spin among the included RCTs (Study 1). Second, we will evaluate the risk of bias in the included RCTs and the statistical fragility of primarily binary outcomes, and the likelihood ratio will be used to reinterpret statistically nonsignificant primary outcomes (Study 2). Third, we will evaluate the reporting completeness of phytotherapy interventions in the included RCTs as well as the trustworthiness of the RCTs (Study 3). Fourth, we will investigate the reporting of sociodemographic features and representation of participants in the included RCTs (Study 4). Finally, we will investigate the reporting completeness of the abstracts, the representation of gender, and geographical region of the listed authors among the included RCTs (Study 5). R 4.2.3, Stata 17/SE, and Excel 2019 will be used to analyze the data and create graphics.</div></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><div>One-hundred and fifty-two double-arm, parallel-group, superiority RCTs were included in the SMART-PT project. The results of the five meta-research studies will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100787,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Holistic Integrative Pharmacy","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 293-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143291710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, cytotoxicity study of novel bisacridine derivatives and their interaction with c-myc promoter G-quadruplex/i-motif","authors":"Bing Shu ,&nbsp;Wang-liang Chen ,&nbsp;Jia-lin Song ,&nbsp;Shen Fang ,&nbsp;Jiong-bang Li ,&nbsp;Shang-shi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhip.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhip.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To synthesize novel bisacridine derivatives <strong>A1</strong>-<strong>A4</strong> and study cytotoxicity and their interaction with <em>c-myc</em> G-quadruplex/i-motif DNA.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Bisacridines <strong>A1</strong>-<strong>A4</strong> were synthesized according to the conventional reaction method. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) melting assay, Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) measurement, CD experiments, and molecular docking were used to study the interactions between <strong>A1</strong>-<strong>A4</strong> and <em>c-myc</em> promoter G-quadruplex/i-motif. MTT cytotoxicity assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the bisacridine derivatives <strong>A1-A4</strong> against A375, Hela, A549, U2OS, HCT116, Siha, HuH7 cell lines.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>The results of FRET melting assay and SPR measurement indicated that bisacridine derivatives <strong>A1-A4</strong> could bind to and stabilize the <em>c-myc</em> G-quadruplex/i-motif structure. CD experiments and molecular docking results demonstrated the interaction between <strong>A1-A4</strong> and <em>c-myc</em> G-quadruplex/i-motif. MTT experiments showed that <strong>A1-A4</strong> exhibited strong inhibitory effects on the proliferation of human A375, Hela, A549, U2OS, HCT116, Siha, HuH7 cell lines.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Bisacridine derivatives <strong>A1-A4</strong> could bind to and stabilize the <em>c-myc</em> G-quadruplex/i-motif to inhibit the proliferation of human cancer cells and will potentially be developed into a class of small molecule ligands targeting <em>c-myc</em> G-quadruplex/i-motif.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100787,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Holistic Integrative Pharmacy","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 281-286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143291712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chloroplast genome of Thesium chinense: The insight into phylogeny of Santalaceae","authors":"Zhenyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Hongxiu Li ,&nbsp;Meilan Chen ,&nbsp;Meng Cheng ,&nbsp;Cadiz Quispe Gustavo Pedro ,&nbsp;Xiuteng Zhou ,&nbsp;Luqi Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhip.2024.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhip.2024.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Thesium chinense</em> is an important and commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of this study is to obtain more bioinformatics from <em>Thesium chinense</em> and to conduct a more comprehensive and in-depth analysis of Santalaceae's phylogeny. This study sequenced the chloroplast genome of <em>Thesium chinense</em> and performed bioinformatics analysis on its key genes to reconstruct the Santalaceae phylogenetic tree. The genes of traditional Chinese medicine often affect the generation and accumulation of metabolic products. The different genes in the chloroplast genome of <em>Thesium chinense</em> have different biological characteristics. The phylogenetic system of Santalaceae and its related families differs significantly from classical classification. This study has laid a solid foundation for the better application and identification of <em>Thesium chinense</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100787,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Holistic Integrative Pharmacy","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 310-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143291717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The critical role of signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 in the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells","authors":"Shuai Li,&nbsp;Chan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhip.2023.11.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhip.2023.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a key pathogenic characteristic of vascular remodeling diseases. The signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 (STAT3) signaling pathway is crucial for VSMCs growth, and its role in cytokine-induced VSMCs proliferation, calcification, and phenotypic switching is essential for developing new treatment targets. VSMCs can transform from contractile to synthetic phenotypes in response to stimuli, such as mechanical forces, growth factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and vascular injury. Understanding the mechanism of VSMCs proliferation triggered by the STAT3 pathway is important for identifying potential therapeutic targets for vascular remodeling diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100787,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Holistic Integrative Pharmacy","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 241-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2707368823001127/pdfft?md5=bfc9f9ce462b4256522d58bda558f653&pid=1-s2.0-S2707368823001127-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138678494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the synergistic development of TCM service trade within the GBA","authors":"Qiu Zhang ,&nbsp;Chuyun Wu ,&nbsp;Xinrong Ai ,&nbsp;Mandong Huang ,&nbsp;Baifeng Zheng ,&nbsp;Yiling Li ,&nbsp;Shuli Zhang ,&nbsp;Liqing Yao ,&nbsp;Jiangyue Wang ,&nbsp;Yingying Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhip.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhip.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study analyzed the synergistic development of the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) service trade within the Greater Bay Area (GBA) in China, aiming to provide suggestions and references for the development of TCM service trade around the world.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Taking the typical and representative Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Greater Bay Area as the research object, this paper focused on four modes of “cross-border supply, offshore consumption, commercial presence, and movement of natural persons”, and explored the current situation of TCM service trade from four macroscopic aspects: political, economic, social, and technological, through case studies. The challenges in the development of TCM service trade were analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our study found that the degree of synergistic openness of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao needs to be improved. The integration of trade in TCM services is the integration of TCM services with tourism. However, there is a relative lack of human resources in TCM in Hong Kong and Macao, with weak competitiveness of service bases. The resources of TCM services are still under-utilized, and the GBA market of TCM services lacks momentum.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We have come to the conclusion that the GBA need to promptly improve the unified standard system of TCM service trade. Actively building cultivating a “Bay Area GBA brand” for TCM service trade, steadily building a social climate in support of TCM service trade and vigorously promote the development of TCM service trade through digital technology, thus promoting the synergistic development of TCM service trade within the GBA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100787,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Holistic Integrative Pharmacy","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 248-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2707368823001140/pdfft?md5=25f217c222d74b1c328c35ef0bcf005e&pid=1-s2.0-S2707368823001140-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139099697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dioscoreae persimilis polysaccharide ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice through modulation of microbiota composition","authors":"Qian Zhang ,&nbsp;Guorong Wu ,&nbsp;Shumin Shen ,&nbsp;Chong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jhip.2023.09.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhip.2023.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a non-specific inflammatory bowel disease that has a high rate of recurrence, development of novel therapeutic approaches with high efficacy and few adverse effects are still needed. <em>Dioscoreae persimilis</em> is an edible plant that has been widely consumed as a remedy for gastrointestinal diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. Polysaccharides have been proven to have protective effects on UC. However, the role of polysaccharides from <em>D. persimilis</em> in UC has not been studied yet. The refined <em>D. persimilis</em> Polysaccharide (DP), which consists of glucose and galactose, was extracted and purified using three-phase partitioning (TPP) method. The primary chemical and structural characteristics of DP were investigated by UV, FT-IR, molecular weight, and monosaccharide composition. Based on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced UC in mice, the alleviatory effect of DP on UC was explored. DP was found to alleviate histopathological changes of colon, improve colonic antioxidant capacity and ameliorate inflammation response in colitis mice. Moreover, 16S rDNA sequencing of fecal revealed that DP could restore the diversity and composition of gut microbiota, especially up-regulates the abundance of <em>Acetatifactor</em>, <em>Lachnospiraceae</em>, and <em>Lactobacillus</em>, and increase the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes. According to this study, DP has the potential to serve as an effective nutritional supplement for improving colitis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100787,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Holistic Integrative Pharmacy","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 157-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2707368823000870/pdfft?md5=3449395a1f245bdf9f5916c92cf00ed6&pid=1-s2.0-S2707368823000870-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92047740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}