Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems最新文献

{"title":"Corrosion behaviour of superaustenitic stainless steel N08029 in harsh acidizing environment","authors":"Nasirudeen O. Ogunlakin ,&nbsp;Nestor Ankah ,&nbsp;Kabiru Haruna ,&nbsp;Akeem Y. Adesina ,&nbsp;Ahmad A. Sorour","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is vital to examine the resistance to corrosion of corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs) in severe oilfield corrosive environments such as acidizing to validate their performance. Super austenitic stainless steel (SASS) UNS N08029 was recently developed to offer competitive and improved corrosion resistance in extreme and aggressive environments. However, no systematic studies have evaluated the N08029 performance in acidizing conditions. In this study, N08029 was investigated in harsh acidizing conditions of different HCl concentrations (up to 25 % HCl), long immersion duration (up to 48 h), and at elevated temperatures (up to 80 °C) using both weight loss and electrochemical measurement techniques. Interestingly, all the test methods show that the corrosion resistance of the SASS increases with increasing the concentration of HCl acid. This may be due to the formation of ferric chloride protective layer on the steel surface after the dissolution of the formed chromium oxide layer by the increasing acid concentration. The decrease in the corrosion rate observed at higher HCl concentrations is because the higher concentration of HCl causes the more ferric chloride layer to form on the metal's surface. This layer protects the metal from further acid attack. Also, after 24 h immersion duration, a decrease in corrosion rate with further increase immersion duration was observed which may is also due to the formation of more ferric chloride protective layer. However, the corrosion resistant of the SASS was observed to decrease with increase in temperature of the test solution. The decreased resistance of the SASS to corrosion with increase in temperature is associated with the instability or damage of the passive/protective film on the surface of the SASS at elevated temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949917824000543/pdfft?md5=082c412ae945c16b937ba7882487f1ea&pid=1-s2.0-S2949917824000543-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control factor optimization for friction stir processing of AA8090/SiC surface composites","authors":"Karthik Adiga,&nbsp;Mervin A. Herbert,&nbsp;Shrikantha S. Rao,&nbsp;Arun Kumar Shettigar","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Friction Stir Processing is a state-of-the-art technology for microstructure refinement, material property enhancement, and surface composites fabrication. This investigation concentrates on AA8090/SiC surface composites produced via friction stir processing. Experiments were conducted by varying the following friction stir processing parameters: Tool rotational speed (800–1400 rpm), Tool traverse speed (25–75 mm/min), and Groove width (1.0–1.8 mm). Response measures encompassed Ultimate Tensile Strength and surface roughness. Central Composite Design of Response Surface Methodology designed the experiments and mathematical relationships established between input parameters and ultimate tensile strength and surface roughness. Analysis of variance was used to test the model's adequacy. The models examined individual and interaction effects of input factors on ultimate tensile strength and surface roughness of surface composites. A combinations of input parameters was identified that yields the maximum ultimate tensile strength and minimum surface roughness. The current work employs the friction stir processing approach to synthesis near-net-shaped surface composites without additional machining by systematically optimizing process parameters. Results indicate that increasing tool rotational speed produces well-finished AA8090/SiC surface composites with decreased strength. In contrast, increased tool traverse speed and groove width generate surface composites with rougher surfaces and higher strength. Surface and contour plots further explored the influence of parameter interactions on responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949917824000531/pdfft?md5=02ef3a58d1cddc67b89348c63cfe45b2&pid=1-s2.0-S2949917824000531-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of aging temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a Cu-2Be alloy","authors":"S. Montecinos ,&nbsp;S. Tognana","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a contribution to existing knowledge, this work studied the evolution of the hardness, elastic modulus and microstructure of an age-hardenable Cu-2Be alloy when subjected to aging treatments at different times, in order to obtain the hardness curves at all stages, and for different aging temperatures in the range of 320–400 °C. In addition, the effect of performing a prior heat treatment consisting of 2 h at 225 °C on the mechanical behavior of the material was analyzed. The elastic modulus and hardness were measured using IET technique and Vickers hardness, respectively. The best mechanical properties (higher hardness values and high elastic modulus) were obtained for treatments at aging temperatures of 320 and 350 °C, with aging times of 40 and 5 h, respectively. The maximum hardness decreases with temperature and increases by about 25 HV by performing a prior thermal treatment at 225 °C. At the maximum hardness peaks, the elastic modulus exhibits similar values, while the asymptotic value increases slightly with temperature. SAXS measurements were used to study the size and shape of the nanoprecipitates formed after aging treatments at different temperatures and times. At the hardness peaks, precipitates have ellipsoid shapes and their size increases with the temperature from 18 to 30 nm. After the hardness peak at 400 °C, the hardness and modulus decrease slightly, while the precipitate size increases to 58 nm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S294991782400052X/pdfft?md5=3634e9e379acca789e31c779ef624146&pid=1-s2.0-S294991782400052X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142167196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wear behaviour of Al-MWCNT composites by varying MWCNTs concentration","authors":"Rahul Sharma,&nbsp;C. Sasikumar,&nbsp;Jayashree Baral","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study illustrates the mechanical and wear behaviour of Al-MWCNT composites by varying MWCNTs concentration (0 %,0.25 %, 0.50 % &amp; 1 %) by weight in composites. These composites were synthesized through sintering in the muffle furnace after mechanical alloying which involved flattening and welding particles to form flake-shaped lamellar particles. The presence of MWCNT lamellas restricted grain growth, creating a 2D aluminium layer between the MWCNTs during sintering. Increasing the MWCNT content in aluminum refined the interlayer thickness of the composites. The compressive strength of Al is increased exponentially with the addition of CNTs. By adding CNTs to aluminium, the maximum strength was reached at 460 MPa in 1% samples, and the compression strength of the aluminium increased by 84 % as well. The sintered composites exhibited higher hardness and its value increased significantly when CNTs were added to the Al composite. The wear resistance of aluminium is substantially increased when CNTs are added, and the maximum wear resistance is achieved when CNTs are added at 0.5 wt%. The addition of CNTs reduced wear resistance, which could be attributed to the decrease in interface adhesion and agglomeration effects of CNTs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949917824000518/pdfft?md5=023f8e3583195d64119b05c6ab8f1034&pid=1-s2.0-S2949917824000518-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase structure transformation and growth mechanism for iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized by mechanochemical method: A mini-review","authors":"Joseph Ekhebume Ogbezode ,&nbsp;Nkechi Elizabeth Offia-Kalu ,&nbsp;Abdulhakeem Bello ,&nbsp;Vitalis Chioh Anye ,&nbsp;Peter Azikiwe Onwalu","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The various methods of synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been extensively studied in several works of literature. These methods include physical, chemical, and biological nanosynthesis methods with applications in water filtration, environmental remediation, plant improvements, biomedicines, etc. These nanosynthesis approaches revolve around their mode of application, nanomaterial properties, and characterization mechanisms, while little effort has been made to investigate the effect of nanosynthesis parameters based on phase transformation and growth mechanisms of such IONPs. The parameters, which are physical, chemical, mechanical, mineralogical, and morphological, have proven to have tremendous implications on the magnetic behaviors, crystalline size, degree of crystallinity, lattice stain, and mechanical strength of the synthesized IONPs. Thus, this paper gives an overview of the effect of selected nanosynthesis parameters, potential mechanisms of the phase transformation, nanomaterial characterization, and growth mechanism of IONPs produced via the mechanochemical route. The study also suggests future perspectives on the need for further study on the reduction-oxidation process, reaction kinetics, and growth mechanism as influencing factors that can affect the phase structure transformation and alteration of magnetic properties of mechanochemically synthesized IONPs at various levels for suitability in nanotechnology advancement and applications in various fields.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949917824000506/pdfft?md5=f0f6ddf4aa597d14bb92a541f154a1a9&pid=1-s2.0-S2949917824000506-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of EN19 steel milling parameters using Taguchi, ANOVA, and TOPSIS approaches","authors":"Pankaj Krishnath Jadhav ,&nbsp;R.S.N. Sahai ,&nbsp;Sachin Solanke ,&nbsp;S.H. Gawande","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study focuses on optimizing milling parameters for EN19 steel through the Taguchi method. Utilizing an L9 orthogonal array with three parameters each set at three levels, the study evaluated four quality characteristics in every run. The optimization process involved the use of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to determine optimal conditions and identify critical parameters influencing surface roughness, temperature, cutting force, and material removal rate.</p><p>ANOVA results underscore the significant impact of spindle speed, cutting fluids, and depth of cut (DOC). The TOPSIS analysis identified the optimal conditions as a spindle speed of 710 rpm, a DOC of 0.5 mm, and the use of Neem oil combined with graphene as the cutting fluid. Among these factors, the depth of cut was found to be the most influential, followed by spindle speed and cutting fluid. Confirmation tests corroborated the effectiveness of the optimization approach, affirming its potential to improve milling outcomes. This research offers valuable insights into enhancing machining efficiency and product quality in the milling of EN19 steel.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S294991782400049X/pdfft?md5=3b7cd69787361c224485535bbd3dd435&pid=1-s2.0-S294991782400049X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulating of wear properties through microstructure engineering in novel cost-effective Fe30Ni25Cr25Mo10Al10 high-entropy alloy processed by cyclic closed-die forging","authors":"Majid Naseri ,&nbsp;Alena Myasnikova ,&nbsp;Davood Gholami ,&nbsp;Omid Imantalab ,&nbsp;Dmitry Mikhailov ,&nbsp;Mostafa Amra ,&nbsp;Nataliya Shaburova ,&nbsp;Milena Efimova ,&nbsp;Aleksandr Orlov ,&nbsp;Seyedmehdi Hosseini ,&nbsp;Yong-Cheng Lin ,&nbsp;Abdel-Hamid I. Mourad ,&nbsp;Evgeny Trofimov","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a novel cost-effective Fe₃₀Ni₂₅Cr₂₅Mo₁₀Al₁₀ high-entropy alloy with a dual-phase microstructure that was processed using cyclic closed-die forging (CCDF) at room temperature for a maximum of six passes. The as-homogenized alloy exhibited [CrMoFe]-rich dendrites with dual-size morphology dispersed in an almost uniform face-centered cubic (FCC) matrix. It was found that as the number of CCDF passes increased, leading to a more homogenous nanograin, there was an accumulation of dislocations, fragmentation of [CrMoFe]-rich dendrites, and enhanced distribution within the matrix. These conditions were conducive to the creation of a nanostructured Fe₃₀Ni₂₅Cr₂₅Mo₁₀Al₁₀ alloy with superior mechanical properties. Texture analysis indicated that the prominent texture components for the Fe₃₀Ni₂₅Cr₂₅Mo₁₀Al₁₀ alloy after six passes were Rotated Cube {001}&lt;110&gt;, S {123}&lt;634&gt;, and Dillamore {4 4 11}&lt;11 11 8&gt;. After the sixth CCDF pass, the Fe₃₀Ni₂₅Cr₂₅Mo₁₀Al₁₀ alloy exhibited the highest microhardness (∼ 974 HV) and the lowest wear rate (∼ (0.8 ± 0.1) × 10^–5 mm³.N⁻¹.m⁻¹). Additionally, it was proposed that the development of the Rotated Cube {001}&lt;110&gt; texture component contributed positively to enhancing wear resistance in the cost-effective high-entropy alloys. Considering the obtained results, it is reasonable to propose that CCDF processing is significant potential for the advancement of cost-effective nanostructured high-entropy alloys for industrial applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949917824000488/pdfft?md5=7ff953501b6dd13e1c8c0ad06f42d074&pid=1-s2.0-S2949917824000488-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141993843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative review and experimental validation of Tribological and Mechanical Properties of Zinc Aluminium Alloy (ZA27) and Aluminium Zinc Alloy (Al-25Zn)","authors":"Parmeshwar P. Ritapure ,&nbsp;Rashmi G. Yadav ,&nbsp;Vivek T. Rasal ,&nbsp;Adinath V. Damale ,&nbsp;Yashwant R. Kharde","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper offers a comprehensive review and experimental investigation into Zinc-Aluminum (ZA) and Aluminum-Zinc alloys, focusing on their mechanical and tribological properties. Zinc-based alloys like ZA27, ZA12, and ZA8 are esteemed for their superior bearing qualities, with ZA27specifically noted for its strength and widespread use in wear-resistant applications such as plain bearings and bushings. Despite surpassing materials like brass, bronze, and steel bearings, ZA alloys are constrained by their operational temperature limits above 100°C and exhibit lower ductility and impact resistance, potentially leading to dimensional instability. Enhancements via alloying elements (Cu, Mn, Mg, Ni, Si, Ti, Zr, Sr, Sc, Eu, Ag), heat treatment, and increasing aluminum content are identified strategies. The literature indicates that Al-25Zn has mechanical and tribological properties comparable to ZA27, although direct comparative experimental data are scarce. In this experimental investigation, aluminum, zinc, ZA27, and Al-25Zn alloys were fabricated using stir casting, and their properties were examined. Results show that the Al-25Zn alloy possesses the highest hardness, tensile strength, and wear resistance, as well as the lowest coefficient of friction (COF) among the materials tested. The Al-25Zn alloy offers higher elongation and similar thermal constraints, making it ideal for applications needing strong mechanical performance and low friction coefficients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100099"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949917824000464/pdfft?md5=19b25079ba95011c2850f17afb271b0a&pid=1-s2.0-S2949917824000464-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141979877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribological behavior of a Ti42Nb42Mo6Fe5Cr5 complex concentrated alloy and prediction through response surface methodology based mathematical modeling","authors":"Dharmendra K. Yadav ,&nbsp;Ashim B. Mandal ,&nbsp;Pushpendra Sharde ,&nbsp;Lakhindra Marandi ,&nbsp;Subhasis Sinha","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present work, a novel Ti₄₂Nb₄₂Mo₆Fe₅Cr₅ complex concentrated alloy (CCA) was developed using the vacuum arc melting technique. The as-cast CCA underwent a two-stage heat treatment process. In the first stage of heat treatment (HT 1), the alloy was heated to 900˚C. Subsequently, in the second stage of heat treatment (HT 2), the HT 1 samples were annealed at various temperatures, including 700˚C, 900˚C, and 1100˚C, for 20 h. The microstructure and mechanical response of the as-cast, HT 1 and HT 2 (annealed) samples were thoroughly investigated. The phase evolution, microstructure, and chemical composition were analyzed using XRD and SEM-EDS. The XRD analysis revealed major solid solution BCC phases (BCC 1 and BCC 2) with a small amount of Laves phase; however, the amount of Laves phase increased with increase in annealing temperature. The microhardness and elastic modulus of the CCA specimens were evaluated using instrumented micro-indentation. The CCA annealed at 1100˚C exhibits the highest microhardness and elastic modulus, with values of 5.94 ± 0.38 GPa and 124.40 ± 7.17 GPa, respectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to develop a mathematical model aimed at predicting tribological characteristics, specifically the specific wear rate (SWR) and coefficient of friction (COF). RSM proposes a quadratic model to represent the mathematical relationship between input parameters for evaluating SWR and COF. The desirability function approach is employed to optimize input parameters to minimize both SWR and COF. The optimized values of SWR and COF are 6.87 × 10⁻⁴ mm³/N.m and 0.30 under a 27.52 N load, 2.86 Hz oscillation frequency, and 1100˚C annealing temperature. Surface topography analysis of the worn surface was evaluated using SEM and a profilometer to understand the wear mechanism and surface characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949917824000476/pdfft?md5=9df2f85f86f978dae1d4b70d537d8bc8&pid=1-s2.0-S2949917824000476-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical and tribological behaviours of friction stir welding using various strengthening techniques","authors":"Ibrahim Sabry ,&nbsp;Mostafa S.S. El-Deeb ,&nbsp;A.M. Hewidy ,&nbsp;Mohamed ElWakil","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study investigates the research conducted on friction stir welding of aluminium alloys AA6061. The experiments were conducted under optimal parametric settings, and the specimens were subsequently subjected to post-processing techniques such as heat treatment and shot peening. The enhancement of weldment strength is contingent upon secondary processing, eliminating internal stress and improving surface qualities. Subsequently, the weldment will undergo mechanical testing and tribometer testing. The conventional testing protocol was implemented to assess the hardness, yield, and tensile strength. The wear and friction test examined the effects of various process factors. The load conditions were set at 10, 30, 50, and 70 N, while the sliding distance was set at 700 m and 1400 m. The experiments were carried out in dry sliding conditions at room temperature and the resulting data were recorded as average values. The welded AA6061 samples exhibited superior hardness and ultimate tensile strength, with the highest average values observed after heat treatment and subsequent shot peening. Attributed to the strengthening effect and achieving an ultra-fine grain size. The results of this inquiry indicate that the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the welded sample were significantly increased by heat treatment and shot peening. In particular, when compared to the as-welded AA6061 aluminium alloy sample, the sample's yield and ultimate tensile strength were 39.49 % and 38.7 % greater, respectively. The tribometer test revealed that a rise in load and sliding distance results in an increase in wear rate and a drop in the coefficient of friction. Under a load of 70 N and a sliding distance of 1400 m. s, the heat-treated and shot-peened AA6061 specimen showed a 27.3 % lower wear rate and a 29.6 % lower coefficient of friction compared to the as-welded AA6061 specimen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949917824000452/pdfft?md5=8ea8ff4eadf286f43a8401b4417d886d&pid=1-s2.0-S2949917824000452-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141962401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}