Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems最新文献

Pitting corrosion studies on SS316L wall fabricated by directed energy deposition based wire arc process

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100179

John Solomon I , D. Raguraman , Dhivakar Poosapadi , Nalla Bhanu Teja , Rupesh Kushwah , Surrya Prakash Dillibabu , Joshuva Arockia Dhanraj , Gourav Kalra , T.S. Senthil

{"title":"Pitting corrosion studies on SS316L wall fabricated by directed energy deposition based wire arc process","authors":"John Solomon I , D. Raguraman , Dhivakar Poosapadi , Nalla Bhanu Teja , Rupesh Kushwah , Surrya Prakash Dillibabu , Joshuva Arockia Dhanraj , Gourav Kalra , T.S. Senthil","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the pitting corrosion behavior of SS316L walls fabricated using the Cold Metal Transfer (CMT)-based Directed Energy Deposition (DED) process. Corrosion testing was conducted by immersing specimens in a chloride-rich ferric chloride solution at 50°C for different durations (24, 48, and 72 h). The results demonstrated a progressive increase in pitting severity, with weight loss increasing from 0.1520 g at 24 h to 0.4620 g at 72 h, highlighting significant localized material degradation. SEM analysis revealed that pit diameters increased from approximately 30.2 μm after 24 h to 42.0 μm after 72 h, confirming the breakdown of the passive Cr₂O₃ layer and intensified metal dissolution. The calculated corrosion rate escalated from 0.80 mm/year at 24 h to 2.40 mm/year at 72 h, indicating an accelerating corrosion mechanism with prolonged exposure. Pitting corrosion density, quantified through SEM image analysis, increased from 120 pits/cm² at 24 h to 250 pits/cm² at 72 h, showing the continuous formation and deepening of pits over time. EDS analysis confirmed localized depletion of chromium and molybdenum, with elevated oxygen and chloride concentrations within pits, verifying the aggressive localized attack. These findings underscore the susceptibility of CMT-DED SS316L to pitting corrosion in chloride environments, emphasizing the need for optimized post-processing techniques such as annealing, passivation, and surface coatings to enhance corrosion resistance for industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metallurgical investigations of steel bar reinforcement used in 17th Century Lohagad Hill Fort, India 印度 17 世纪洛哈加德山堡所用钢筋的冶金学研究

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100175

Manager Rajdeo Singh , Aditya Prakash Kanth , Gajanan Mandaware

引用次数: 0

Effect of post-weld heat treatment on dissimilar AA2014-AA5083 friction stir welded joints

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100177

Vipin Sharma, Mohit Pramod Sharma, Anuj Kumar Jain

引用次数: 0

Recent advances in zinc-based metal matrix composites: Fabrication, properties, and future prospects

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100173

Khursheed Ahmad Sheikh, Mohammad Mohsin Khan

{"title":"Recent advances in zinc-based metal matrix composites: Fabrication, properties, and future prospects","authors":"Khursheed Ahmad Sheikh, Mohammad Mohsin Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zinc-based metal matrix composites (MMCs) represent a significant advancement in materials engineering due to their exceptional combination of mechanical, thermal, and tribological properties. Reinforced with ceramics or other materials, these composites offer superior wear resistance, strength, and stability, making them valuable for industries like automotive, aerospace, and biomedical devices. Despite their promising properties, zinc-based MMCs face challenges related to cost-effective manufacturing, optimization of reinforcement materials, and balancing mechanical performance with weight and ductility. This comprehensive review explores the current state of zinc-based composites, detailing the fabrication techniques, microstructural features, physical and mechanical properties that define their performance. Special emphasis is placed on the impact of reinforcements on hardness, tensile strength, and thermal stability, alongside challenges like porosity, grain refinement, and interface bonding. Manufacturing techniques such as stir casting, powder metallurgy, and spark plasma sintering are highlighted for their roles in shaping material performance. Furthermore, it highlights emerging applications and potential future directions, emphasizing the need for continued innovation in the development of hybrid composites and the application of advanced characterization techniques. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable guidance for optimizing zinc-based MMCs to meet specific industrial requirements and supports ongoing research into this versatile class of materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High entropy alloys synthesized by mechanical alloying: A review

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100170

Yogesh Kumar Yadav , Mohammad Abu Shaz , Nilay Krishna Mukhopadhyay , Thakur Prasad Yadav

{"title":"High entropy alloys synthesized by mechanical alloying: A review","authors":"Yogesh Kumar Yadav , Mohammad Abu Shaz , Nilay Krishna Mukhopadhyay , Thakur Prasad Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted an intense interest from scientists, researchers, academics and industrialists in the recent times because of their exceptional physical, functional and chemical properties, which are superior to those of conventional alloys. The vast number of scientific publications has eclipsed many synthesis and production techniques being adopted for HEAs. Although the production processes for traditional alloys are well-established, a closer look must be given to the various synthesis methods used for multicomponent alloys for industrial applications. This review paper will fill this vacuum by providing a thorough and comprehensive investigation into the production of quinary, senary and higher order alloy systems in HEAs via mechanical alloying/milling. The mechanical alloying is a non-equilibrium synthesis technique that combines elemental powders through high-energy ball milling and eventually nanostructured materials can be produced. The intrinsic mechanical alloying processes of plastic deformation, cold-welding and fracture causes the changes in the size, configuration, and dispersion of the particles. As a result, a uniformly sized, finely divided powder develops; giving rise to the materials the special qualities compared to traditionally alloyed materials. Mechanical alloying is established widely for the synthesis of HEAs and other advanced materials. Through the approaches of mechanical alloying, this review paper seeks to analyze and throw light on the synthesis of HEAs especially, providing insightful information on this process and its significance for developing complex HEAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimization of electrical discharge drilling parameters for precision micro-holes in SuperNi 276

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100171

Nakarkanti Saidulu , Pappula Laxminarayana , Karrolla Buschaiah

{"title":"Optimization of electrical discharge drilling parameters for precision micro-holes in SuperNi 276","authors":"Nakarkanti Saidulu , Pappula Laxminarayana , Karrolla Buschaiah","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on optimizing Electrical Discharge Drilling (EDD) parameters to enhance micro-hole precision in Super Ni 276, a nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy valued for its corrosion resistance and temperature stability. The Taguchi fractional factorial method with an L16 orthogonal array is used to evaluate the influence of four key EDD parameters: tool diameter, peak current, pulse on time, and pulse off time. Micro-holes of 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, and 0.8 mm diameters are drilled using copper and brass tube tools under constant voltage. The study analyzes material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR), recast layer thickness, heat-affected zone (HAZ), and microhardness to determine the optimal tool material. Copper tools achieve a high MRR of 0.115938 mm³ /sec but show significant tool wear with a TWR of 0.7391 mm/sec. Brass tools, with a lower TWR of 0.0026 mm/sec, are suitable for longer tool life, though their maximum MRR is moderate at 0.065940 mm³ /sec, balancing efficient machining and wear. Copper tools produce thinner recast layers, enhancing surface quality, while brass tools create a larger HAZ due to higher heat generation. Copper tools yield higher recast layer hardness, ensuring surface durability and acceptable HAZ hardness, preserving base material integrity. Copper is ideal for high MRR and minimal thermal damage, while brass suits longer tool life and higher hardness across zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of alloying (V, Fe, Ge) additions on microstructural evolution in Ti-6Al-4V-based alloys after hot rolling and annealing

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100176

K.N. Chaithanya Kumar , K.S. Suresh

{"title":"Effect of alloying (V, Fe, Ge) additions on microstructural evolution in Ti-6Al-4V-based alloys after hot rolling and annealing","authors":"K.N. Chaithanya Kumar , K.S. Suresh","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ti-6Al-4V is the most widely used titanium alloy due to its ability to achieve balanced mechanical properties through microstructural modification via thermomechanical processing. Alloying elements in Ti-6Al-4V play critical roles in stabilizing the <em>β</em>-phase and influencing deformation-induced phase transformations. This study investigates the effects of V, Fe, and Ge additions on the microstructure and phase stability of Ti-6Al-4V under subjected to hot rolling and annealing at different temperatures. Alloys with nominal compositions Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-6Al-5V, Ti-6Al-5V-1Fe, and Ti-6Al-5V-1Fe-2Ge (in wt%) were synthesized via vacuum arc melting and subjected to hot rolling and annealing at sub-transus temperatures. XRD and EBSD analyses revealed significant modifications in the morphology, phase distribution, and phase fractions of <em>α</em> and <em>β</em> phases, with <em>β</em>-phase content increasing with alloying additions. Hot rolling promoted deformation-induced dynamic transformation of <em>α</em> to <em>β</em> phase, except in the Ge-containing alloy, which demonstrated its role as a suppressor of dynamic transformation. Fe and Ge additions reduced <em>β</em>-phase fragmentation during hot rolling, while annealing facilitates static recovery, recrystallization and phase stability. Ge acts as a neutral stabilizer in Ti alloys, reduces the transformation temperature and suppresses the transformation dynamics. A strong variant selection was observed in the transformed <em>β</em> region of Ge-added samples, influencing microstructural evolution. This study demonstrates the influence of alloying elements on hot deformation, elemental distributions, phase transformations, and equilibrium phase fractions, providing insights into tailoring microstructures of Ti-6Al-4V through thermomechanical processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of medium polyurethane coating on mechanical, wear, and corrosion performance of a galvanised steel sheet

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100174

Sneha Roy, Swarup Kumar Ghosh

{"title":"Influence of medium polyurethane coating on mechanical, wear, and corrosion performance of a galvanised steel sheet","authors":"Sneha Roy, Swarup Kumar Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Colour-coated steel, also known as pre-coated steel or pre-painted steel, has become a material of choice across diverse industries due to its aesthetic allure and practical advantages. The present study delves into the coated low-carbon (∼ 0.04 wt%) steel's mechanical properties, abrasive wear behaviour, and electrochemical corrosion resistance. The excellent combination of tensile properties (340 MPa YS, 347 MPa UTS and 33 % total elongation) ensures structural integrity and load-bearing capacity. The robust polyurethane (PU) coating demonstrates good abrasion resistance through its lower Taber wear index (0.022). Nano-scratch tests further reinforce the coating's ability to withstand frictional forces, with minimal signs of observed wear. The results of electrochemical corrosion indicate that the coating provides exceptional protection against deterioration, even in harsh environments with 5 % NaCl solution for 600 h. Both OCP and Tafel plots illustrate lower corrosion rates in PU-coated steels owing to lower potential and inhibited reactions. The I<sub>corr</sub> of the coated steel was 265 µA/cm<sup>2</sup>, which is substantially lower than that of the uncoated steel of 1864 µA, indicating much lesser corrosion. The more positive E<sub>corr</sub> (-637 mV) value for the coated steel also denotes better corrosion resistance coupled with robustness. Nyquist plots validate higher charge transfer resistance, which portrays the coating as a strong impediment against chloride. This significantly increases the lifespan of coated steel under extreme conditions. The corrosion tests confirmed long-term durability, with negligible rust or coating degradation signs. Hence, colour-coated steel emerges as a true champion, combining good mechanical properties, wear resistance, and corrosion protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surface characteristics optimization and investigation of dual-channel micro electrical discharge drilling on IN617 super alloy

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100172

Anish Nair , Wojciech Bizoń , Sebastian Skoczypiec , Rafal Bogucki , L. Selvarajan

{"title":"Surface characteristics optimization and investigation of dual-channel micro electrical discharge drilling on IN617 super alloy","authors":"Anish Nair , Wojciech Bizoń , Sebastian Skoczypiec , Rafal Bogucki , L. Selvarajan","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article details the experimental investigation on surface roughness, spatter area and white layer thickness in micro electrical discharge machining of IN617 alloy. The alloy here is a high hardness superalloy preferred to be machined by non-conventional techniques. Here we present the micromachining behaviour of the alloy. Micro electrical discharge machining is conducted using a dual channel copper electrode and the surface characteristics are observed. Other than the traditional input factors, retraction duration of the electrode is also focussed here. White layer characteristics at different heights of the drilled hole are measured and characterized. Intensive microscopic images have been presented to detail the behaviour of the process. The behaviour of individual responses towards the various input factors has been illustrated. A multiobjective optimization model is also developed to extract the best parametric combinations at which optimal surface characteristics can be obtained.The major factor affecting the spatter area and white layer thickness is Pulse on time. The increase in pulse on time creates a high frequency of sparks which leads to rapid metal erosion at the vicinity of the electrode. In the case of surface roughness, the current was observed as the most dominant factor which corresponds to earlier studies on similar processes. Detailed microstructural analysis depicting heat affected zone, white layer thickness and surface deformities have been reported to understand the mechanism of the process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prediction of mechanical properties and defect detection in a TIG cladded SS 316 L by machine learning techniques

Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100167

Shanmuga Vadivu K R , Varun Kumar A , Sathickbasha K

{"title":"Prediction of mechanical properties and defect detection in a TIG cladded SS 316 L by machine learning techniques","authors":"Shanmuga Vadivu K R , Varun Kumar A , Sathickbasha K","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Machine learning techniques are being widely adopted across the globe for their reliability and flexibility when compared with other traditional methods. However, the selection of suitable machine learning techniques has a major role in a process for the prediction of optimal process parameters. In this study, we have adopted two different machine learning techniques Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Unified Convolutional Neural Network (UCNN) for the identification of optimal process parameters for the SS 316 L base alloy cladded with Er-NiCr-3 filler by Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) cladding process. The ANFIS methodology will develop a model with a range of process parameters that can be used to determine the theoretical values, whereas the UCNN uses images for the identification of any defect in the samples the images are broken as different pixels based on the algorithms employed. Here, we have correlated the machine learning outputs with the actual experimental values (microhardness and tensile values are considered for the correlation). Whereas, for the UCNN technique we have procured the grain structures of the cladded samples. It is inferred from the comparison that the machine learning technique had shown sound and reliable outputs with an error percentage (≈ 0.1–2.0 %) in line with the actual data. Therefore from the study, it is revealed that the adoption of machine learning techniques can be utilized wisely for a process in the prediction of optimal process parameters in a flexible manner when compared with the other traditional optimization techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0