Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems最新文献

{"title":"Development of cost-effective scrap-tolerant bulk-scale high entropy alloys","authors":"Rahul Kumar ,&nbsp;Kamlesh Sahoo ,&nbsp;Manish Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Rahul M R ,&nbsp;Ashok Kamaraj","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing bulk high entropy alloys (HEAs) with good strength and ductility combinations is challenging. Many of the currently reported HEAs are prepared from pure metals. The current study selected a multicomponent CoCrFeMn alloy and prepared it using scrap, ferroalloys, and pure elements. Further improvement in the properties of as-cast alloys is done by minute solute addition. The Thermo-Calc® simulation studies identified the maximum amount of minute solute elements that can be added without any new phase formation. The studied master alloy and modified compositions show a multiphase structure with FCC and HCP phases. The detailed microstructural analysis confirms that the secondary dendritic arm spacing was reduced while adding trace elements, and Cu-containing alloys showed a reduction of ∼44.44 %. The effect of the casting condition was studied by varying the heat transfer condition via different mould geometries. The mechanical properties, such as the tensile test and Vickers microhardness, show remarkable improvement with minute additions of solutes and by varying heat transfer conditions. The master alloy and Cu containing alloy show a maximum strength of ∼429 MPa and ∼562 MPa, respectively. The Cu-containing alloy shows an outstanding strength-ductility combination, and the detailed TEM-STEM analysis confirms the formation of Fe-rich clusters and Cu-rich phases. The current study shows a cost reduction of ∼1/10 compared with the alloys formed by pure elements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of quenching temperature on the mechanical properties of Fe-25Cr-5Al-Ti-RE ferritic stainless steel","authors":"Xiaojian Du ,&nbsp;Zhen Lin ,&nbsp;Taotao Li ,&nbsp;Fei Yang ,&nbsp;Chengzhi Liu ,&nbsp;Jianghua Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, in order to solve the brittle fracture dilemma that occurs during the production and application of Fe-25Cr-5Al-Ti-RE ferritic stainless steel, the mechanical properties of materials under different quenching temperatures and rolling states were analyzed. After being subjected to quenching heat treatments at temperatures of 600°C, 700°C, 800°C, 900°C, and 1000°C, the Fe-25Cr-5Al-Ti-RE alloy showed minimal differences in tensile strength among the treatments at 600°C, 700°C, 800°C, and 900°C. The values were around 580 MPa, which was slightly higher than the tensile strength of 541 MPa in the rolled state. However, at 1000°C, the tensile strength significantly decreased to 510 MPa, representing a reduction of 12.62 % compared to the treatment at 900°C. Regarding elongation, it increased with rising temperature and reached its peak at 800°C. Beyond this temperature, it decreased as the temperature continued to rise. The elongation at 800°C was 27.5 %, which was a 245 % increase compared to that in the rolled state, where it was 7.96 %. The effect of precipitation on the relative elongation was relatively minor. In contrast, the grain size and orientation had the most significant impact on the mechanical properties. At 600 °C and 700 °C, the grains exhibited a relatively small size, and their orientation was markedly dispersed. When the temperature reached 800 °C, large grains were generated, accompanied by a highly consistent grain orientation. At 900 °C and 1000 °C, large grains were formed, and a certain degree of deviation in grain orientation became apparent. For the Fe-25Cr-5Al-Ti-RE ferritic stainless-steel composition in this study, the equilibrium quenching temperature was approximately 800°C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic and corrosion properties of Co35Cr5Fe10Ni30Ti5Al7.5Mn7.5 high entropy alloy","authors":"Priyanka Kumari ,&nbsp;Shashi Kant Mohapatra ,&nbsp;U.K. Goutam ,&nbsp;Rohit R. Shahi","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High Entropy Alloys (HEAs) exhibit exceptional mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, better high temperature stability, and higher electrical resistivity than conventional alloys due to the presence of multiple principal elements. In this study, we synthesized Co₃₅Cr₅Fe₁₀Ni₃₀Ti₅Al_7.5Mn_7.5 HEA through the mechanical alloying technique and investigated the effect of Mn addition for Al on the phase formation, magnetic, and corrosion properties. A single fcc phase has formed for Co₃₅Cr₅Fe₁₀Ni₃₀Ti₅Al_7.5Mn_7.5 HEA. After vacuum annealing at 700 °C for 2 h followed by RT cooling, a slight amount of new σ phase is formed along with the initial fcc phase for Co₃₅Cr₅Fe₁₀Ni₃₀Ti₅Al_7.5Mn_7.5 HEA. The saturation magnetization and coercivity value is 83 emu/g and 6 Oe for as-synthesized Co₃₅Cr₅Fe₁₀Ni₃₀Ti₅Al_7.5Mn_7.5 HEA. After annealing at 700 °C, the saturation magnetization significantly increased to 109 emu/g, whereas the value of coercivity remains the same. We also found good corrosion resistance for synthesized Co₃₅Cr₅Fe₁₀Ni₃₀Ti₅Al_7.5Mn_7.5 HEA in 1 M NaCl solution, and the corrosion rate is found to be 0.028 mm/y. Thus, the found the high value of Ms and extremely low corrosion rate makes the developed Co₃₅Cr₅Fe₁₀Ni₃₀Ti₅Al_7.5Mn_7.5 HEA a promising soft magnetic material for industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and evaluation of superhydrophobic carbon nanotube coatings onmaraging steel: Corrosion protection, and anti-fouling characteristics","authors":"F.abdel Mouez ,&nbsp;H. Halfa ,&nbsp;Ahmed Yahia ,&nbsp;H.M. Hussien ,&nbsp;Mohab Gaber ,&nbsp;Heba H. Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel and environmentally sustainable method for synthesizing high-quality carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from orange peel biomass for enhanced corrosion protection of maraging steel in marine environments. Using a one-step, catalyst-free chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process at a relatively low temperature of 600 °C, a dense and vertically aligned CNT coating was successfully deposited on the steel surface. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the structural integrity and high graphitization of the CNTs, while scanning electron microscopy revealed their uniform nanoscale architecture. Wettability analysis showed a significant transformation from the hydrophilic nature of untreated steel (water contact angle ∼50°) to a superhydrophobic state (contact angle ∼130°) after CNT deposition. Atomic force microscopy indicated a substantial increase in surface roughness, contributing to the superhydrophobic behavior. Electrochemical tests, including potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), demonstrated that the CNT-coated surface exhibited a corrosion current density three times lower and corrosion resistance five times higher than bare steel. Additionally, the impedance response increased by three orders of magnitude, confirming the coating’s effectiveness in mitigating electrochemical degradation. Long-term immersion testing in seawater containing fouling microorganisms further validated the antifouling capabilities of the CNT coating, with no visible biofouling observed after three months. These results highlight the potential of bio-derived CNT coatings as multifunctional, eco-friendly solutions for marine corrosion protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing micro-EDM drilling performance in titanium alloys: A fuzzy logic approach with comparative electrode analysis","authors":"Praveen Vundrajavarapu ,&nbsp;R. Madhusudhan ,&nbsp;Jush Kumar Siddani","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the enhancement of Micro Electric Discharge Machining Drilling (mEDMD) performance on Titanium 6Al-4V using brass tubular electrodes (BTE) and silver-coated brass tubular electrodes (SCBTE). Focusing on the material removal rate (MRR) and tubular electrode wear rate (TEWR), the research applies a Taguchi experimental design complemented by a modified Taguchi method and fuzzy logic for optimized precision in results. Findings reveal that SCBTE significantly increases MRR and reduces TEWR compared to BTE, indicating its potential to enhance machining efficiency, reduce tool wear, and improve productivity in demanding industrial applications. This work highlights the advantages of SCBTE for high-precision manufacturing, particularly in sectors requiring stringent material and dimensional accuracy, such as medical implants and aerospace components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High strength zinc composite with tungsten reinforcements as a potential biomaterial","authors":"A. Viswakalpa ,&nbsp;S. Nilawar ,&nbsp;K. Chatterjee ,&nbsp;R. Suman ,&nbsp;M. Ramakrishna ,&nbsp;K.K. Sahu ,&nbsp;S. Gollapudi","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There has been a significant interest in Zinc-based biomaterials on account of their biocompatibility as well as biodegradability. The low mechanical strength of pure Zinc has however limited its widespread application. In this work we report improvement in the strength of Zn brought about by the introduction of W as reinforcement. By employing a combination of powder metallurgy, casting and thermo-mechanical processing, bulk Zn-20 wt% W composite bearing a relative density of 98 % and flexural strength 100 % higher than that of pure Zn was produced. Potentiodynamic polarization tests in Hanks balanced salt solution revealed that the i_corr value of the composite was almost similar to that of Zn at 2.23 × 10⁻³ A/cm². X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies on the samples exposed to the electrolyte revealed the presence of a Zn based passivation layer in both Zn and the Zn-20W samples. In-vitro cytotoxicity tests revealed a similar cell response in Zn and Zn-20W samples. In the absence of a binary phase diagram for Zn and W, Miedema’s model was employed to understand the phase formation tendencies in the Zn-W system. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the Zn and W retained their elemental form within the composite despite the plethora of processing steps employed for its production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143890886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulating thermo-mechanical properties of lead-free Sn-30Bi TIM by adding In-3Ag alloy","authors":"Munim Shahriar Jawad ,&nbsp;Md. Asif Mahmud Noman ,&nbsp;Ridwan Radit Ahsan,&nbsp;Md. Muktadir Billah","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research work is focused on studying the effect of indium (In) and silver (Ag) addition on the thermo-mechanical properties of lead-free Sn-Bi solder alloy. Sn-30B is a potential solder to be used as thermal interface material; however, its enhanced thermo-mechanical properties are yet to be explored. In this study, authors therefore investigated the effect of In-3Ag alloy addition to tailoring the thermo-mechanical properties of the Sn-30Bi solder alloy. The microstructural evolution with progressive alloying was studied using both optical and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Elemental analysis to confirm the alloying was done using the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (STA/TG-DSC) was used to study the thermal behavior of all the solder alloys. To assess the mechanical properties, microhardness and tensile properties were also measured. Finally, the effect of low-temperature ageing was also studied to evaluate the performance of the newly developed solder alloy as thermal interface material at the operating temperature. From these results, it was found that the Sn-30Bi-3(In-3Ag) alloy has superior properties among all the solder alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics of silicon extraction into alloy from a mixture of amorphous rocks","authors":"V.M. Shevko,&nbsp;N.M. Mirkayev,&nbsp;A.D. Badikova","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Potential technologically effective raw materials for producing silicon-containing ferroalloys are sedimentary rocks – diatomite, opoka, tripoli, in which silica is predominantly in amorphous form. The article presents the results of studying the kinetics of silicon extraction into alloy from a mixture of amorphous rocks. It was found that in the isothermal mode, the maximum degree of silicon extraction into alloy is 91.4 % at 1800 ⁰C for 60 min. An empirical (experimental-statistical) model of the degree of silicon extraction into alloy was created based on the data of a series of experiments using the second order rotatable experimental design (Box-Hunter design). The model represents a regression dependence on two variables – time (in the range of 20–80 min) and temperature (in the range of 1700–1800 °C). This dependence is obtained as a second degree polynomial. The polynomial’s coefficients are the control parameters of the model. The absolute discrepancy between the experimental and calculated results is from 0.27 % to 2.04 %. The model was validated using the Fisher criterion, which showed that the model adequately reflects the experimental data at a confidence level of 95 %. It was established that when the melting the amorphous rocks, with an increase in the degree of silicon extraction into the alloy, the apparent activation energy decreases, that is a manifestation of diffusion processes, obviously associated with the formation of a silicon carbide layer on the coke surface. The rate of silicon extraction into the alloy when the melting the amorphous rocks is higher than when the melting quartzite. From the amorphous rocks’ mixture, 80 % of silicon is extracted into the alloy at 1800 ⁰C in 50 min, and from quartzite – only in 60 min. The 50 % extraction of silicon into the alloy from the amorphous rocks is characterized by the apparent activation energy E_app equal to 366.5 kJ, and for quartzite, this energy is higher and is 386 kJ. The similar pattern is observed for the period of inception of the process of silicon extraction into the alloy: E_app for the amorphous rocks is 422 kJ, and 461 kJ for quartzite. A noticeable improvement in the kinetic parameters of producing a ferroalloy from a mixture of amorphous rocks, in comparison with using quartzite, increases the competitiveness of the technology in the ferroalloy market. This is also facilitated by the significant reserves of amorphous silicon-containing rocks, accessible mining conditions and low prices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the microstructure on the premature fatigue failure of decarburized SAE 9254 spring steel","authors":"Jéssica Cristina Costa de Castro Santana ,&nbsp;Silvano Leal dos Santos ,&nbsp;Renato Altobelli Antunes ,&nbsp;Sydney Ferreira Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fatigue life is a key issue on the performance of alloys employed in mechanical components manufacturing such as Si-Mn spring steels used in the automotive industry. In these alloys, the fatigue life is strongly affected by surface defects and microstructure. In this paper, the effect of total decarburization depth and nanohardness profile on the premature fatigue failure of the SAE 9254 spring steel is reported. Decarburization layer was developed during heat treatment (austenitization at 850 °C and oil quenching). Heat treated specimens with different decarburized layer thickness and controlled surface roughness were investigated to evaluate the interplay between the decarburized layer depth and fatigue behavior. Stress-controlled fatigue tests up to 400,000 cycles and fractographic analysis allowed determining that fully decarburized layers (ferrite layers) with thickness up to 25 μm did not fracture. Above this critical thickness, premature fatigue fracture took place. Microstructural characterization and nanohardness profile measurements indicated that premature crack nucleation during the fatigue tests is associated with an abrupt hardness variation at the interface between total and partial decarburization regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new experimental result indicating 3 separate phase fields of ε, ε1, ε2 and the estimation of diffusion coefficients in the Mn–Zn system","authors":"Shubhangini Yadav,&nbsp;Varun A. Baheti","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Mn–Zn system, technologically crucial for galvanized Mn–containing steels and potential ZnMn–based biomaterials, has been studied using the conventional diffusion couple technique. The first experimental evidence has been presented to indicate the presence of 3 separate phases, as <span><math><mi>ε</mi></math></span>, <span><math><mi>ε</mi></math></span>₁ and <span><math><mi>ε</mi></math></span>₂, together in the interdiffusion zone. By taking advantage of local equilibrium present at interphase interfaces in a diffusion couple, the controversial <span><math><mi>ε</mi></math></span>–phase region has been resolved after almost more than 6 decades. Incorporating new experimental results of 3 separate phases could be beneficial in refining the present thermodynamic optimization of the Mn–Zn system. Furthermore, MnZn₉ and MnZn₁₃ have also grown in the Mn/Zn diffusion couple, such that there are 5 distinct phase layers, including <span><math><mi>ε</mi></math></span>, <span><math><mi>ε</mi></math></span>₁ and <span><math><mi>ε</mi></math></span>₂. Diffusion parameters such as integrated diffusion coefficients and the ratio of tracer diffusivities, which are currently unavailable, are also determined considering ideal molar volumes. It helps to understand the atomic mechanism of diffusion and the probable defects present in phase(s).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}