Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems最新文献

{"title":"Experimental and process modelling of chemical composition and thermal ageing of Ti-doped cast Cu-Ni alloy for microstructural, conductivity, and mechanical properties","authors":"Cynthia C. Okechukwu ,&nbsp;Francis O. Edoziuno ,&nbsp;Adeolu A. Adediran ,&nbsp;Silas O. Okuma ,&nbsp;Augustine B. Okoubulu","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effects of titanium (Ti) content and thermal aging on the mechanical properties, microstructure, and electrical conductivity of Ti-doped Cu-10Ni alloy. Both as-cast and heat-treated alloys were subjected to comprehensive mechanical testing, electrical conductivity measurements, and microstructural analysis. A response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for statistical analysis, predictive modeling, and optimization, with Ti concentration (0.1–3.5 wt%) and aging temperature (400°C–500°C) as the independent variables, and tensile strength, elongation, hardness, impact strength, and electrical conductivity as response variables. The results indicate that Ti addition, particularly in the range of 1.5–3.5 wt%, refined the as-cast microstructure of Cu-10Ni alloys, leading to modest improvements in mechanical properties compared to the base alloy. Aging treatments promoted the formation of precipitates and second phases, notably β-Ni₃Ti, β-Ti₂, and δ-Ti₂Ni, which contributed significantly to property enhancement. The alloy's ultimate tensile strength (UTS) reached 659 MPa with 2.5 wt% Ti aged at 500°C for 2 h. At 3.5 wt% Ti and 450°C aging, the alloy exhibited the highest values for elongation (24.23 %), hardness (193.4 BHN), and impact strength (157 J). Electrical conductivity also improved across all Ti concentrations after aging, with conductivity increasing with higher aging temperatures, though the rate of increase diminished as Ti content rose. Statistical analysis demonstrated good agreement between experimental and predicted values, with the regression models being statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05). Optimal alloy composition and aging conditions were identified, yielding the best combination of mechanical properties and electrical conductivity for the Cu-10Ni alloy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ab-initio, empirical and experimental study of phase stability of HfTiVYZr refractory high entropy alloy","authors":"Vivek Kumar Pandey ,&nbsp;B. Nageswara Sarma ,&nbsp;N.K. Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phase evolution and stability in an equiatomic quinary HfTiVYZr refractory high entropy alloy (RHEA) was studied. Prediction of phases that may form on the synthesis of the above alloy was made by using (i) Semi-empirical/empirical methods (based on extended Hume-Rothery rules), (ii) CALPHAD and (iii) <em>ab-initio</em> methods. Enthalpy of mixing of HfTiVYZr high entropy alloy calculated using the Miedema model (<span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> = 7 kJ.mol⁻¹) was close to the proposed range favouring the formation of single-phase solid solution (<span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>10</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≤</mo><mn>7</mn><mi>k</mi><mi>J</mi><mo>.</mo><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><msup><mrow><mi>l</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>). However, the size mismatch factor <span><math><mi>δ</mi></math></span>(10.37 %) was unfavourable for forming the single-phase solid solution. As per the prediction of the CALPHAD approach, three disordered HCP solid solutions and one C15 type Laves phase (ZrV₂) were found to be stable at room temperature, whereas the ordered BCC_B2 phase was identified to be stable above 1273 K. The DFT approach using a variation of the cluster expansion method with fixed composition and cell size was adopted to study the phase stability of this refractory alloy. Enthalpies of mixing of BCC and HCP structures were calculated for the distinct configuration of atoms on the atomic sites using a ten-atom cell. The annealed alloy was examined by XRD, SEM and SEM-EDS. The annealed sample shows the presence of two disordered HCP phases, namely, HCP1 (a = 3.18 ± 0.02 Å, c/a = 1.58) and HCP2 (a = 3.67 ± 0.02 Å, c/a = 1.55), along with a BCC phase (a = 3.16 ± 0.02 Å) and an ordered intermetallic phase (Hf, Zr)V₂ (C15 type Laves phase, a = 7.41 ± 0.02 Å), which is in accordance with the theoretical predictions. The SEM-EDS mapping of the annealed sample shows that the major HCP1 phase contains Hf and Zr predominantly along with some Ti.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of phase evolution and phase stability in a novel FCC based Al30Ti35Mg5V10Fe8Cr12 lightweight high-entropy alloy processed by mechanical alloying","authors":"Ayush Sourav ,&nbsp;Ankit Singh Negi ,&nbsp;Pranjal Chauhan ,&nbsp;T. Sudeep Kumar ,&nbsp;Shanmugasundaram Thangaraju","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have gained significant attention from researchers due to their exceptional mechanical properties. While most the reported lightweight high-entropy alloys have Body Centered Cubic (BCC), Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP), and complex intermetallic phases, there is growing interest in development of Face Centered Cubic (FCC) based Lightweight High-Entropy Alloys (LWHEA) for applications prioritizing energy efficiency. In this study, a design strategy for synthesizing a stable FCC-based LWHEA through multivariate optimization of elements and thermodynamic parameters was presented. A novel Al₃₀Ti₃₅Mg₅V₁₀Fe₈Cr₁₂ LWHEA was designed and processed through a mechanical alloying route with a theoretical density of 4.5 g/cc. The compaction of the alloy was performed by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 890 ℃ and 60 MPa for 15 minutes. The hardness of sintered sample was found to be 550 ± 18 HV (5.3 GPa). Microstructural evolution of the alloy was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microstructural analysis of alloy revealed that a combination of FCC and BCC phases are present in milled sample as well as sintered sample. The phase stability was explained through Gibbs free energy calculations of competing phases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of austenitic stainless-steel sheets, deformed at sub-zero temperatures","authors":"M. Krishnam Raju ,&nbsp;Peeyush Mahajan ,&nbsp;Pavan Kumar ,&nbsp;K. Narasimhan","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stainless steels are better than carbon steels for structural applications due to their optimal blend of strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance. Austenitic stainless steels, such as AISI304, are extensively utilized in cryogenic applications owing to their remarkable formability and corrosion resistance, even at sub-zero temperatures. In this study, the deformation behaviour of austenitic stainless steel (AISI304) sheet of thickness 1.2 mm was examined through tensile testing at room temperature (25°C) and sub-zero temperatures (0ºC, −40ºC, −80ºC, −120ºC) at strain rates such as 0.01 s⁻¹,0.001 s⁻¹,0.0001 s⁻¹. Mechanical properties, microstructure, and texture evolution were analysed and interrelated across these temperature and strain rate conditions. Tensile strength exhibited an upward trend with decreasing temperature and strain rate, while yield strength decreased with decreasing strain rate and increased with lowering temperature. Microstructural changes indicated a phase transformation from parent austenite phase, with martensite fraction escalating alongside decreasing strain rate and temperature. Micro texture analysis revealed a rise in the fraction of the cube texture component corresponding to an increase in martensite fraction across materials deformed at varying temperatures and strain rates. This paper gives complete insight into the microstructure and the texture evolution during the uniaxial deformation of AISI 304 sheet at room temperature and at sub-zero temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of minor addition of silicon on deformation behaviour and texture evolution in CrFeNi medium entropy alloy","authors":"Swati Mahato ,&nbsp;Tirupati Dhidhi ,&nbsp;Nilesh P. Gurao ,&nbsp;Krishanu Biswas","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present investigation systematically explores the effect of a minor addition of silicon on the microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of FCC CrFeNi medium entropy alloy during rolling at room temperature. The addition of 2 at% Si in CrFeNi alloy results in the reduction of stacking fault energy from 22.4 mJ/m² for CrFeNi to 18.6 mJ/m² for (CrFeNi)₉₈Si₂ alloy. Bulk texture analysis reveals the presence of Brass and Goss texture components in the 90 % rolled samples. Microtextural study reveals that in CrFeNi and (CrFeNi)₉₈Si₂ alloy, Goss-orientated grains exhibit greater stability throughout the deformation compared to Cu-oriented grains. In addition to twinning, profuse shear banding was observed in both alloys at 90 % rolling reduction. The mechanical properties of homogenised (CrFeNi)₉₈Si₂ alloy demonstrate the enhanced combination of yield strength and hardness due to improved solid solution strengthening and dislocation strengthening accompanied by a marginal decrease in ductility due to twinning-induced strain hardening. While in 90 % rolled CrFeNi and (CrFeNi)₉₈Si₂ alloy, both yield strength and ultimate tensile strength increase drastically due to enhanced solid solution and dislocation strengthening though with a significant decrease in ductility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of heat treatment time on microstructure evolution of austempered nodular cast iron evaluated by image segmentation","authors":"P.A. Ramos ,&nbsp;I.N.R. Melo ,&nbsp;V.H.M Medeiros ,&nbsp;P.P. Brito","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the microstructural characteristics of a pearlitic austempered nodular cast iron (ADI) prepared with different austempering times. In austempering of ductile irons, the material is austenitiezed and rapidly cooled to temperatures typically between 420 and 290°C in a salt bath to allow the formation of a microstructure composed of graphite nodules dispersed in a residual austenitic matrix, stabilized with a high carbon content, and acicular ferrite, known as “ausferrite”. Presently, microstructure characterization by optical and scanning electron microscopy were carried out after different austempering times. Neural network image segmentation using ImageJ® software was employed to perform quantitative phase analysis, and the results were compared with volume fractions obtained by XRD measurements, one of the traditional methods for determining the residual austenite content in ferrous alloys. It was found that both carbon content in austenite and austenite fraction increase with austempering time and that graphite nodule geometry becomes gradually more irregular. The proposed methodology for quantitative analysis allowed classification of microstructure constituents with high accuracy in comparison to the XRD results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructural design opportunities and phase stability in the spray-formed AlCoCr0.75Cu0.5FeNi high entropy alloy","authors":"Vikas Shivam ,&nbsp;Shubhada Kar ,&nbsp;Gopi K. Mandal ,&nbsp;N.K. Mukhopadhyay ,&nbsp;V.C. Srivastava","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Designing a microstructure with controlled morphology is one of the determining factors for the optimum performance of a material. High entropy alloys (HEAs) have gained significant attention due to their enhanced mechanical and functional properties compared to conventional alloys, particularly based on opportunities for microstructural design. In this fast-developing field, varied thermal treatments can be applied to engineer a material as per the requirements. In the present work, we have studied the effect of thermal treatment on the microstructural modifications in the spray-formed AlCoCr_0.75Cu_0.5FeNi HEA. The alloy was characterized by using a light microscope, scanning electron microscope equipped with EDS detector and electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA). The elemental distribution and microstructural evolution of the alloy were studied by giving the heat treatments at different time-temperature spaces. The evolution of phases and their composition were correlated with the CALPHAD predicted property diagram and phase composition. It is observed that at a higher temperature of 1300°C, the alloy shows the simple solid solution phases to be more stable due to the high entropy effect, which brings down the Gibbs free energy of the system. The formation of the disordered BCC, FCC and their derivatives along with the sigma phase were observed in the temperature range of 600–1000°C. This work also draws attention to why understanding the microstructural evolution and solidification behaviour is important in designing the HEAs to meet the industrial promises and in this context, the role of entropy, enthalpy and slow diffusion kinetics are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to “Application of machine learning methods for the prediction of roll force and torque during plate rolling of micro-alloyed steel” [J. Alloys Metal. Syst. 4C (2023) 100044]","authors":"Suman Kant Thakur ,&nbsp;Alok Kumar Das ,&nbsp;Bimal Kumar Jha","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Comparative review and experimental validation of Tribological and Mechanical Properties of Zinc Aluminium Alloy (ZA27) and Aluminium Zinc Alloy (Al-25Zn)” [J. Alloy. Metall. Syst. 7 (2024) 100099]","authors":"Parmeshwar P. Ritapure ,&nbsp;Rashmi G. Yadav ,&nbsp;Vivek T. Rasal ,&nbsp;Adinath V. Damale ,&nbsp;Yashwant R. Kharde","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of B2 phase and its stability in equiatomic Al-Cu-Fe-Ni-Ti high entropy alloy","authors":"Yogesh Kumar Yadav ,&nbsp;Mohammad Abu Shaz ,&nbsp;Nilay Krishna Mukhopadhyay ,&nbsp;Thakur Prasad Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present investigation, we synthesized a single-phase high-entropy alloy in Al-Cu-Fe-Ni-Ti system by melting of the individual metals using a radiofrequency induction furnace under an argon environment. The as-synthesized alloy showed the formation of a B2-type ordered phase with a lattice parameter of 0.289 nm. The mechanical stability of this single phase high-entropy alloy was investigated under high-energy ball milling. The milling was performed at a speed of 400 rpm for 10, 20, and 40 h under a hexane medium with a ball-to-powder ratio of 40:1. The formation of nano crystallites (∼ 10 nm sizes) body centered cubic (BCC) phase (disordered B2) has been observed after 40 h of ball milling, which has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopic investigation. The equiatomic Al-Cu-Fe-Ni-Ti high entropy alloy structure is observed to be quite stable during mechanical milling up to 40 h; only grain refinements and lattice strain accumulation were observed with milling time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}