JFO Open Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Clinical characterization of ocular trauma: a six-month multi-center analysis from Ministry of Health hospitals in Malaysia","authors":"Haizul Ikhwan Murat ,&nbsp;Pei Xuan Kuan ,&nbsp;Mohamad Aziz Salowi ,&nbsp;Mohan Dass Pathmanathan ,&nbsp;Siti Nurhafizah Saharudin ,&nbsp;Mohamad Asyraf Jamilol Nasir ,&nbsp;Nor Fariza Ngah ,&nbsp;Malaysian Ocular Trauma Research Study Group (MOTR)","doi":"10.1016/j.jfop.2026.100190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfop.2026.100190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Ocular trauma is a leading cause of preventable monocular blindness worldwide and imposes significant socioeconomic burdens. This study aims to describe the demographic patterns, trauma profiles, mechanisms of injury, and spectrum of ocular injuries across Malaysia's Ministry of Health (MOH) ophthalmology services.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>We prospectively collected data from MOH facilities with ophthalmology services on patient demographics, trauma profiles, mechanisms of injury, baseline eye assessment, use of eye protection, foreign bodies, and details of patients with various ocular injuries. The spectrum of ocular injuries was classified as trivial or severe based on presenting visual acuity, further complications, the need for surgical intervention, frequent follow-up, and ward admission.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 2,347 ocular trauma cases were reported across six regions in Malaysia. Ocular trauma predominantly affected males (over 80%), with a mean age of approximately 35 years. Workplace injuries were the most common in trivial cases (36.0%), while domestic injuries were more frequently associated with severe cases (30.3%). Most injuries were accidental, often involving metallic or sharp objects. The use of eye protection was low, at 13.1% in trivial cases and 5.5% in severe cases. Severe injuries were significantly associated with poorer initial visual acuity, relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), and higher likelihood of requiring surgery (55.5%). Common presentations included corneal foreign bodies (trivial) and lid lacerations, full-thickness corneal wounds, and orbital fractures (severe).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This first nationwide study of ocular trauma in Malaysia identifies key risk groups and injury patterns, highlighting needs for focused public health interventions. These findings support the creation of a national ocular trauma registry and reinforce the importance of public education and occupational eye safety measures for preventable vision loss. However, these findings need to be interpreted cautiously, as private hospital cases were not included, and our findings may not reflect the whole picture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100740,"journal":{"name":"JFO Open Ophthalmology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147399611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of Rebamipide in the treatment of dry eye disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Mohamed Abo Zeid ,&nbsp;Amr Elrosasy ,&nbsp;Ahmad Alkheder ,&nbsp;Raghad Samha ,&nbsp;Ahmed W. Abbas ,&nbsp;Shrouk F Mohamed ,&nbsp;Faisal Naqadan ,&nbsp;Hashem Abu Serhan","doi":"10.1016/j.jfop.2026.100189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfop.2026.100189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Rebamipide 1% and 2% in the management of dry eye disease (DED) compared to placebo or artificial tears (My Tears, Sodium Hyaluronate, or Diquafosol).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Systematic review and meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This meta-analysis, adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of Rebamipide, a medication known for gastric ulcer treatment, as an treatment for DED. A comprehensive literature search encompassed various databases. Inclusion criteria focused on high-quality evidence, namely RCTs, with a primary focus on outcomes such as tear film break-up time (TBUT), fluorescein staining score (FCS), and lissamine green conjunctival staining (LGCS) score.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen studies were included, with diverse outcomes reported at 2, 4, and 8–12 weeks. Rebamipide demonstrated significant improvement compared to the control group in TBUT (MD = 0.47, 95% CI [0.15 to 0.79]), FCS (MD = −1.17, 95% CI [−1.81 to −0.53]), LGCS (MD = −1.73, 95% CI [−2.53 to −0.93]), and Schirmer’s test (MD = 1.05, 95% CI [0.16–1.95]). The overall risk ratio for adverse events favored the control group (RR = 1.39, 95% CI [1.10–1.77], P = 0.21).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Rebamipide is emerging as an effective treatment for DED, demonstrating improvements in various outcome measures. This meta-analysis provides valuable insights for all clinicians and researchers supporting informed decision-making and guiding future research endeavors in the management of DED.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100740,"journal":{"name":"JFO Open Ophthalmology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146015664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an Artificial Intelligence Algorithm to Estimate Tear Meniscus Height Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography and a Smartphone-Based Slit-Lamp Microscope","authors":"Eisuke Shimizu ,&nbsp;Takahiro Mizukami ,&nbsp;Yuya Hori ,&nbsp;Takanobu Inoue ,&nbsp;Hiroki Nishimura ,&nbsp;Shintaro Nakayama ,&nbsp;Shinri Sato ,&nbsp;Risa Hokama ,&nbsp;Masatoshi Hirayama ,&nbsp;Kazuno Negishi","doi":"10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and purpose</h3><div>To enable tear meniscus height measurement independently of the clinical setting, we developed an artificial intelligence-based estimation model using a smartphone-mounted slit-lamp microscope (Smart Eye Camera) and anterior segment optical coherence tomography data.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>In this prospective study, we analyzed data from 533 eyes of 298 patients who visited Keio University Hospital between March 2021 and January 2025. On the same day, both anterior segment optical coherence tomography and Smart Eye Camera video recordings were obtained. Machine learning was performed using the Light Gradient Boosting Machine to estimate tear meniscus height based on these datasets.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After appropriate preprocessing, the artificial intelligence model estimated tear meniscus height with a mean absolute error of 0.113 ± 0.094 mm and a mean squared error of 0.021 ± 0.035 mm, indicating moderate accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We successfully developed an artificial intelligence algorithm capable of estimating tear meniscus height from Smart Eye Camera video and anterior segment optical coherence tomography data by identifying relevant anatomical landmarks. Although the results are promising, the current estimation accuracy remains limited. Future work will focus on improving performance by incorporating additional features such as iris segmentation, increasing the number of training samples, and applying more advanced machine learning techniques. As the present study was conducted in a Japanese cohort, the findings should be interpreted within the context of an Asian population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100740,"journal":{"name":"JFO Open Ophthalmology","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum regarding previously published articles","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100184","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100740,"journal":{"name":"JFO Open Ophthalmology","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of smoking on the ocular surface and tear film: A systematic review","authors":"Reshu Yadav ,&nbsp;Dayashankar Rastogi ,&nbsp;Vishwdeep Mishra ,&nbsp;Pooja Gautam ,&nbsp;Shivam Kumar ,&nbsp;Santosh Kumar Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the influence of active smoking, secondhand smoke, and the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) on tear film stability and the health of the ocular surface with a goal of determining their role in Dry Eye Disease (DED).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A thorough literature search was conducted in prominent databases to yield clinical studies that have documented tear film parameters (Tear Break-Up Time, Schirmer test, tear osmolarity) and ocular surface changes in smokers, individuals exposed to secondhand smoke, and electronic cigarette users. Pooled using random-effects meta-analysis, eligible studies were identified, and heterogeneity was analyzed using the I² statistic.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The aggregated data revealed that active and passive smokers exhibited significantly lower TBUT (SMD = −2.87) and Schirmer values (SMD = −2.79) and higher tear osmolarity (SMD = +12.55), reflective of severe tear film instability. Structural changes, such as greater central corneal staining, central corneal thinning, and lower corneal sensitivity, were also commonly observed. Similar but inhomogeneous patterns of ocular surface damage were found in e-cigarette users. Comparisons were made with other studies, such as those of Putri (2024), Harjanti and Indrawati (2024), Miglio et al. (2021), Dabas et al. (2025), and Zaib et al. (2023)—broadly consistent with these results, although variations in methodology and groups were responsible for some variation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Tobacco exposure, in the form of conventional smoking, secondhand smoke, or e- cigarette use, has been linked to severe tear film dysfunction and ocular surface injury. These observations underscore the importance of early ophthalmic examination and smoking cessation counseling, particularly in high-risk individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100740,"journal":{"name":"JFO Open Ophthalmology","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Study of Unilateral Benign Lobular Inner Nuclear Layer Proliferations (BLIP) with Coexisting Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium","authors":"Micheline Verhaegen,&nbsp;Vincent De Man,&nbsp;Ivo De Clerck,&nbsp;Julie Jacob","doi":"10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Retinal tumors emerging from the intrinsic cell types of the neurosensory retina are a rare entity. They are subdivided in benign retinal astrocytoma or -astrocytic hamartoma and malignant retinoblastoma, the latter of which requires immediate intervention. Recently, a fourth type of retinal tumor named Benign Lobular Inner Nuclear Layer Proliferations (BLIP) was described by Sanfilippo et al. based on its characteristic findings on optical coherence tomography (OCT) [<span><span>1</span></span>]. Only very few cases have been reported and its pathophysiology remains unclear to date. We report the clinical findings and multimodal imaging of a rare case of unilateral BLIP associated with a Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (CHRPE) lesion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100740,"journal":{"name":"JFO Open Ophthalmology","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical visual prostheses: A future paradigm shift in ophthalmology and vision restoration","authors":"Michael Balas ,&nbsp;David T. Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100178","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100740,"journal":{"name":"JFO Open Ophthalmology","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-infrared video: A technique for dynamic documentation of vitreous floaters","authors":"Mireia Roca-Cabau ,&nbsp;Edward Bloch ,&nbsp;Thomas H. Williamson","doi":"10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The purpose of this study is to describe a technique using near-infrared (NIR) video for the diagnosis and documentation of symptomatic floaters.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Subjects with symptomatic floaters were identified through electronic case notes review, in which there was a primary diagnosis of floaters, secondary to PVD or syneresis.</div><div>The presence of vitreous floaters was evaluated with both 30° NIR or fundus autofluorescence images and short, dynamic 30° NIR videos, in which subject is asked to briefly look away and refixate on the target. Three retinal specialists assessed both unseen still images and videos to determine the presence or absence of vitreous floaters. Group descriptive statistics and inter/interobserver percentage agreement were calculated using SPSS.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ninety-three eyes from 51 subjects (30 males and 21 females, mean age (±SD) 54 ± 14.7 years and baseline visual acuity 0.13 ± 0.49) were analysed. An underling diagnosis of PVD was noted in 31 eyes and syneresis in 62 eyes.</div><div>Floaters were observed in 43% of the still images versus 96% of videos. Interrater agreement was 0.75 for still images and 0.96 for videos. Intraobserver agreement was 0.84–0.96 for still images and 1.0 for videos.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Dynamic NIR video is an objective imaging test for the detection and recording of floaters in symptomatic patients, demonstrating both superior interobserver and intraobserver test-retest reliability to static fundal imaging.</div><div>This technique helps visualize and assess symptomatic vitreous floaters, offering objective documentation of their presence or absence. It aids in pre-operative decisions, patient education, and post-operative comparisons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100740,"journal":{"name":"JFO Open Ophthalmology","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery: Incidence and visual outcomes at ECWA Eye Hospital, Kano, Nigeria","authors":"Mayor Orezime Atima ,&nbsp;Ayodele Jacob Orugun ,&nbsp;Ugbede Idakwo ,&nbsp;Oyeronke Komolafe ,&nbsp;Eisuke Shimizu ,&nbsp;Nakayama Shintaro ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Oluwadare Balogun ,&nbsp;Emeka John Dingwoke ,&nbsp;Douglas Jah Pam ,&nbsp;Michael Ediruke Ajolomufiah ,&nbsp;Olalekan Adebayo Ogundare ,&nbsp;Emamoke Atima-Ayeni","doi":"10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the incidence and visual outcomes of postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery at ECWA Eye Hospital, Kano.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Retrospective chart review.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study reviewed 9,782 cataract surgeries performed between January 2021 and December 2023, encompassing extracapsular cataract extraction, small-incision cataract surgery, and phacoemulsification. Data collected included patient demographics, surgical details, time to onset of endophthalmitis, visual acuity outcomes, and microbiological findings. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the findings, and incidence rates were calculated with confidence intervals using the Wilson Score Interval. Chi-Square tests were used to assess associations between surgical techniques and visual outcomes, and logistic regression to identify predictors of improved visual acuity. A significance threshold of <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05 was applied, ensuring rigorous evaluation of the relationships between surgical techniques, patient characteristics, and visual recovery.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis was 0.17% (17/9,782; 95% CI: 0.10%–0.26%). The highest incidence was recorded in 2022 (0.22%, 8/3,625). Visual acuity improved in 52.9% of patients post-treatment, while 23.5% showed no change, and 23.5% experienced worsened outcomes. Earlier onset of infection (OR: 0.72, <em>p</em> = 0.01) and surgeries performed by experienced full-time staff (OR: 2.50, <em>p</em> = 0.03) significantly predicted better outcomes. No statistically significant association was observed between procedure type and visual outcomes (<em>p</em> = 0.12). No microbial growth was detected in vitreous cultures, likely due to prior antibiotic use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis at ECWA Eye Hospital aligns with global benchmarks, highlighting the critical importance of adhering to preventive strategies, surgical precautions, and robust training programs. Visual outcomes are significantly influenced by early diagnosis and surgeon expertise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100740,"journal":{"name":"JFO Open Ophthalmology","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Lens Extraction versus Laser Peripheral Iridotomy on Anterior Segment Parameters in Primary Angle Closure Suspects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Muhammad M. Elsharkawy ,&nbsp;Mohamed Elnagar ,&nbsp;Ahmed Sermed Al Sakini ,&nbsp;Ahmed Kareem Al-Badiri ,&nbsp;Alhasan Ali Al-Magsousi ,&nbsp;Ahmed Taha Abdelsattar ,&nbsp;Fatma Mohammed Mostafa ,&nbsp;Alaa R. AL-Ihribat ,&nbsp;Yahya A. Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Mohammed A. Fenjan ,&nbsp;Hashem Abu Serhan","doi":"10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfop.2025.100174","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Primary angle closure suspect (PACS) is characterized by an anatomically narrow anterior chamber angle, predisposing individuals to angle closure and subsequent glaucomatous damage. Prophylactic interventions including laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and lens extraction (LE) can be employed to mitigate this risk, especially in high-risk patients. While both procedures aim to widen the iridocorneal angle, their comparative efficacy in improving anterior segment parameters remains a subject of ongoing investigation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the comparative effects of lens extraction (LE) and laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) on anterior segment parameters in primary angle closure suspects (PACS). The analysis encompassed a range of metrics, including angle opening distance (AOD), trabecular iris space area (TISA), trabecular iris angle (TIA), iris curvature (I-CURV), trabecular-ciliary process distance (TCPD), lens vault (LV), and mean Shaffer gonioscopy grading.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Method&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and Cochrane Library to identify studies comparing the effects of laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and lens extraction (LE) on anterior segment morphology. Studies of all original design were included except case reports and case series. Effect estimates for continuous outcomes were expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager (version 5.4). The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) tool.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Four studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. LE demonstrated consistently greater improvements compared to LPI in both short-term (1 month) and long-term (2 years) follow-up across all evaluated metrics. At one month, LE resulted in significantly larger anterior chamber angle metrics, including AOD500 and AOD750 (mean differences: −0.19 mm and −0.26 mm, respectively; both p &lt; 0.00001), with these effects persisting at two years. Similarly, TISA500 and TISA750 were notably larger after LE (mean differences: −0.07 mm² and −0.21 mm²; both p &lt; 0.00001). LE also achieved a greater reduction in TIA (−21.85 °; p &lt; 0.00001), while I-CURV and TCPD improvements significantly favored LE (both p &lt; 0.00001). Additionally, LV increased more substantially following LE (0.86 mm; p &lt; 0.00001). Mean Shaffer gonioscopy grading also showed superior outcomes with LE (Standardized mean difference (SMD): −2.49; p &lt; 0.00001).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;LE consistently enhances anterior chamber dimensions, including AOD, TISA, and TIA, with benefits sustained for up to two years in patients with PACS. These anatomical improvements suggest a more effective long-term approach to reducing intraocular pressure and prevent","PeriodicalId":100740,"journal":{"name":"JFO Open Ophthalmology","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}