{"title":"Determination of the characteristics of solvated electrons from optical absorption data","authors":"A.M. Brodskiy, A.V. Tsarevskiy","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90008-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90008-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As difficulties are encountered with model theories in describing the nature of solvated electrons, it is suggested that possible non-model relations in the theory of solvated electrons be used. In the present work the results that follow from the sum rules, virial theorem and threshold formulae of the quantum theory of scattering are examined. In this way it is possible to establish relationships that can be used for determining some of the physical characteristics of solvated electrons directly from optical data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 455-460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90008-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91629343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katsuyoshi Harada, Masahiro Irie , Hiroshi Yoshida
{"title":"Dissociative electron attachment to methylhalides in 3-methylhexane glassy matrix","authors":"Katsuyoshi Harada, Masahiro Irie , Hiroshi Yoshida","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90076-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90076-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dissociative electron attachment reaction to CH<sub>3</sub>I, CH<sub>3</sub>Cl and CH<sub>3</sub>F in a 3-methylhexane glassy matrix was studied by determining the yield of trapped electrons and that of methyl radicals immediately after <em>γ</em>-irradiation at 77 K as a function of the scavenger concentration. The efficiency of conversion from the trapped electrons to the methyl radicals was also studied by photobleaching the trapped electrons. The results obtained are (1) the dissociative electron attachment occurs to CH<sub>3</sub>F, for which the gas phase data indicate that the reaction is endothermic by 1·2 eV, during either the <em>γ</em>-irradiation or the photobleaching, and (2) CH<sub>3</sub>F is relatively less efficient in scavenging photo-liberated electrons than in scavenging the electrons during the <em>γ</em>-irradiation, whereas CH<sub>3</sub>I and CH<sub>3</sub>Cl are efficient scavengers for both the electrons. The dependence of the yields of the trapped electrons and the methyl radicals is discussed in terms of the electron-tunneling mechanism and the epithermal electron-scavenging mechanism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 331-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90076-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74692167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An E.S.R. investigation of scavenging yields in a γ-irradiated ethylene glycol-water glass at 77 K","authors":"O. Kaalhus, J. Moan","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90003-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90003-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"2 1","pages":"417-424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77096654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Etude de la radiolyse du pentane normal a 77 K par capture des radicaux apres l'irradiation","authors":"J. Allaert, P. Claes, B. Tilquin","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90086-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90086-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>n</em>-Pentane was irradiated in the solid phase at 77 K. Post-irradiation scavenging of radicals by dissolving at 110 K the irradiated pentane in a propane-oxygen mixture lowers the decanes and pentenes <em>G</em>-values to an extent of 40–60%. The principal experimental results are: (1) a radical <em>G</em>-value of 2·76; (2) a radicalar distribution of 30% in primary radicals and 70% in secondary radicals; (3) a rough dismutation-combination ratio of 2·1 at 120 K.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 387-390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90086-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88075358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diffusion kinetics of radical intermediates in radiation chemistry","authors":"Wolfgang Naumann, Wolfgang Stiller","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90002-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90002-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Almost all theoretical papers on the mechanism of radical reactions in the tracks of ionizing particles implicitly assume the independence of the radical distributions. In this paper the effect of correlations arising between the radical distributions in the course of the reaction process on its change in time and the product yields is studied. The problem has been formulated in terms of the joint probabilities of radical pairs according to a one-spur-one-radical model. It is found that the combination and recombination processes in real spurs must be more effective than prescribed by one-radical models assuming the independence of the distributions of the reacting particles. The results of those theories correspond with the results from our model only for local concentrations which are too low to be realistic. On the other hand, for the relative lowering of the molecular yield with increasing scavenger concentration this model gives the same deviations from the experiment for higher scavenger concentrations as other one-radical models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 407-415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90002-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91680377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A pulse radiolysis study of electrons in 1-propanol at low temperatures","authors":"J.H. Baxendale, P.H.G. Sharpe","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90032-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90032-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous observations on the spectral changes due to electrons in 1-propanol have been extended to 77 K. It is found that down to 118 K the decay in the I.R. and growth in the visible are first order and that from 118 to 313 K the rate constants fit the modified Arrhenius expression of Tamman and Hesse, as do the relaxation times obtained from dielectric dispersion measurements and the alcohol viscosity. These changes are considered to arise from molecular reorientation around the electrons. Below 118 K, the kinetics are no longer first order, the changes are much more extended in time and are also much faster than expected from an extrapolation of the observations at the higher temperatures. Electron loss, presumed due to ion recombination, also occurs. It is concluded that the mechanism responsible for the spectral shifts is different at these lower temperatures and that here thermal excitation from shallow traps and retrapping by deeper ones occurs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 5","pages":"Pages 621-624"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90032-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88806034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Excitation transfer in the radiolysis of alkanes in the solid phase at 77 K","authors":"Tetsuo Miyazaki","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90060-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90060-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The role of excited molecules and excitation transfer in the radiolysis of solid alkanes at 77 K is described. Studies of the effect of electron scavengers in the radiolysis of solid alkanes show that hydrogen formation is mainly due to a nonionic process. Though the yield of hydrogen in the radiolysis of solid isobutane at 77 K is not affected by the addition of N<sub>2</sub>O or SF<sub>6</sub>, it decreases sharply upon the addition of CCl<sub>4</sub>. Similarly, the yield of C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>9</sub> radical in the radiolysis of isobutane at 77 K is not changed by the presence of conventional electron scavengers; however, it decreases remarkably upon the addition of CCl<sub>4</sub> or toluene. When 2,3-dimethylbutane (23DMB) containing a small amount of toluene (To) is irradiated with γ-rays or nanosecond pulses of X-rays in the solid phase at 77 K, luminescence from excited toluene is observed. The emission spectrum from 23DMB-To (2 mol%)-N<sub>2</sub>O(2 mol%) during γ-irradiation at 77 K is similar to that from 23DMB-To (2 mol%) during U.V.-illumination. The formation of the singlet-excited toluene is not affected by the addition of electron scavengers and hole scavengers. These results are explained by excitation transfer from alkane to additives. The possibility of exciton migration in the radiolysis of solid alkanes is discussed by a simple theoretical treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 57-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90060-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80747161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Some studies on the formation of excited states of aromatic solutes in hydrocarbons and other solvents","authors":"G. Arthur Salmon","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90057-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90057-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper reviews the work of the author and his co-workers on the radiation-induced formation of excited states of aromatic compounds in solution. The experimental methods used are surveyed and in particular the method of measuring the yields of triplet and singlet excited states of the solute are described. The problems discussed are: (1) the effect of solvent on the yields of excited states, (2) formation of excited states in cyclohexane and other alicyclic hydrocarbons, (3) the formation of excited states in benzene and (4) the identification of <em>T</em>-<em>T</em> absorption spectra.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 13-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90057-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88869947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Free radicals on photolysis and radiolysis of polystyrene","authors":"S.I. Kuzina, A.I. Mikhailov, V.I. Gol'danskii","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90014-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90014-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The e.p.r. method has been used to study the radical stages of low-temperature photolysis and radiolysis of polystyrene and to demonstrate the difference in them due to the photoconversion of the cyclohexadienyl radical. The authors have determined the quantum yield of the reaction of radical formation (ø ≅ 10<sup>−5</sup>) which weakly depends on the wavelength of the absorbed light at 230<λ<340 nm and the mean depth (<em>l</em>) at which radicals form (<em>l</em>≅9 ohms m for λ = 254 nm, i.e. in the region of inherent absorption of PS, and <em>l</em> ≅350 ohms m at λ≅300 nm). A shift is observed in the absorption band of polystyrene to the long-wave region owing to the secondary photoreactions of the cyclohexadienyl and peroxide radicals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 503-510"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90014-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73924446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ion-molecule reactions in the vapour-phase radiolysis of 1-chloropropane, with cyclohexene as an additive","authors":"André Geurts, Jan Ceulemans","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90080-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90080-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>1-Choloropropane has been irradiated in the presence of cyclohexene and the formation of hydrogen chloride and of products derived from cyclohexene has been studied as a function of the concentration of this additive. The irradiations, which were performed with accelerated electrons, were characterized by very high absorbed dose rates. Under such experimental conditions, transfer of excitation energy and radical addition to cyclohexene appear to be only of minor importance. The formation of products derived from cyclohexe is initiated predominantly by ion-molecule reactions between cyclohexene and the positive 1-chloropropane ions. The mechanisms of the subsequent reactions are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 353-357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90080-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76357889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}