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International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry最新文献

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On some fundamental reactions in radiation chemistry: Nanosecond pulse radiolysis 辐射化学中的一些基本反应:纳秒脉冲辐射分解
International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry Pub Date : 1976-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7055(76)90030-9
Yael Ilan , Joseph Rabani
{"title":"On some fundamental reactions in radiation chemistry: Nanosecond pulse radiolysis","authors":"Yael Ilan ,&nbsp;Joseph Rabani","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90030-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90030-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Several fundamental reactions have been investigated using nanosecond pulse radiolysis. The following reaction rate constants were measured: <em>k</em>(<sub>N2O<sup>−</sup>→N2+O<sup>−</sup></sub>)&gt;10<sup>8</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>, <em>k</em>(<sub>H<sup>+</sup>+O2<sup>−</sup></sub>)= (5 ± 1) × 10<sup>10</sup> dm<sup>3</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. <em>k</em>(<sub>HO2→H<sup>+</sup>+O2<sup>−</sup></sub>) = (7 ± 2) × 10<sup>5</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, <em>k</em>(<sub>CO2<sup>−</sup>+O2</sub>) = (4.2 ± 0.4) × 10<sup>9</sup> dm<sup>3</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 5","pages":"Pages 609-611"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90030-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83222005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 40
Scanning electron microscope studies of γ-irradiated purine and pyrimidine bases γ辐照嘌呤和嘧啶碱基的扫描电镜研究
International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry Pub Date : 1976-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7055(76)90043-7
M.A. Slifkin, Y.M. Suleiman
{"title":"Scanning electron microscope studies of γ-irradiated purine and pyrimidine bases","authors":"M.A. Slifkin,&nbsp;Y.M. Suleiman","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90043-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90043-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Scanning electron microscopy has been used to examine γ-irradiated purine and pyrimidine bases in dry powder form. Channelling is observed in some of the samples. Surface changes appear to be correlated with radiosensitivity as measured by other techniques.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 6","pages":"Pages 697-698, in1-in4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90043-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83968954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of 60Co-γ on the melting behaviour of single and poly-crystalline polyethylene 60Co-γ对单晶和多晶聚乙烯熔融行为的影响
International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry Pub Date : 1976-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7055(76)90026-7
S. Rafi Ahmad, A. Charlesby
{"title":"Effect of 60Co-γ on the melting behaviour of single and poly-crystalline polyethylene","authors":"S. Rafi Ahmad,&nbsp;A. Charlesby","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90026-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90026-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of ionizing radiation on high density poly (HD) and single (SC) crystals of polyethylene samples were investigated by DSC. For HD material the heat of fusion (<em>ΔH</em><sub><em>f</em></sub>) was found to drop by only ∼ 17% at about 700 Mrad of radiation dose with no detectable corresponding change in the melting temperature <em>T</em><sub><em>m</em></sub>. In contrast approximately 67% drop in <em>ΔH</em><sub><em>f</em></sub> and 18 K in <em>T</em><sub><em>m</em></sub> was observed for SC specimen. Such drastic differences in the melting behaviour were ascribed to greater sensitivity of the SC material to irradiation as far as effecting the crystal structure is concerned. Crosslinking taking place in the fold surface of the SC specimen (amorphous region) increases the strain energy at the fold and progressively affects the nearby crystal lattices. The amorphous region in HD material is different in morphology, and crosslinking taking place in that region does not affect the crystal structure substantially.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 5","pages":"Pages 585-588"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90026-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89337671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
Vacuum ultraviolet radiation physics 真空紫外辐射物理学
International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry Pub Date : 1976-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7055(76)90048-6
{"title":"Vacuum ultraviolet radiation physics","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90048-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90048-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 6","pages":"Page 721"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90048-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136603663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Volume 8 contents list and author index 卷8目录表和作者索引
International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry Pub Date : 1976-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7055(76)90001-2
{"title":"Volume 8 contents list and author index","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90001-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90001-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages iii-ix"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90001-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136929850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dissociative electron attachment to methylhalides in 3-methylhexane glassy matrix 3-甲基己烷玻璃基质中甲基卤化物的解离电子附着
International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry Pub Date : 1976-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7055(76)90076-0
Katsuyoshi Harada, Masahiro Irie , Hiroshi Yoshida
{"title":"Dissociative electron attachment to methylhalides in 3-methylhexane glassy matrix","authors":"Katsuyoshi Harada,&nbsp;Masahiro Irie ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Yoshida","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90076-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90076-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dissociative electron attachment reaction to CH<sub>3</sub>I, CH<sub>3</sub>Cl and CH<sub>3</sub>F in a 3-methylhexane glassy matrix was studied by determining the yield of trapped electrons and that of methyl radicals immediately after <em>γ</em>-irradiation at 77 K as a function of the scavenger concentration. The efficiency of conversion from the trapped electrons to the methyl radicals was also studied by photobleaching the trapped electrons. The results obtained are (1) the dissociative electron attachment occurs to CH<sub>3</sub>F, for which the gas phase data indicate that the reaction is endothermic by 1·2 eV, during either the <em>γ</em>-irradiation or the photobleaching, and (2) CH<sub>3</sub>F is relatively less efficient in scavenging photo-liberated electrons than in scavenging the electrons during the <em>γ</em>-irradiation, whereas CH<sub>3</sub>I and CH<sub>3</sub>Cl are efficient scavengers for both the electrons. The dependence of the yields of the trapped electrons and the methyl radicals is discussed in terms of the electron-tunneling mechanism and the epithermal electron-scavenging mechanism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 331-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90076-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74692167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The nature of the precursors of radiolytic molecular hydrogen in water, and the mechanism of positronium formation in liquids 水分子氢的放射性分解前体的性质，以及液体中正电子的形成机制
International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry Pub Date : 1976-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7055(76)90071-1
V.M. Byakov
{"title":"The nature of the precursors of radiolytic molecular hydrogen in water, and the mechanism of positronium formation in liquids","authors":"V.M. Byakov","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90071-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90071-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The dependence of H<sub>2</sub> yields on the concentration of certain solutes indicates that molecular hydrogen is formed via recombination of its precursors in spurs. The order of efficiency of solutes in decreasing the formation of H<sub>2</sub> does not correlate with the rate constants of their reactions with e<sub>aq</sub><sup>−</sup> or H.</p><p>Due to their diffusive motion at energies ⩽10<sup>2</sup>eV and to their comparatively long lifetimes in the subvibrational energy range at the end of their tracks, positrons may form positronium by a reaction with (epi) thermal electrons. The order of the reactivity of solutes towards the precursors of positronium is the same as that towards precursors of the molecular hydrogen yield and is in agreement with the order of their relative rate constants towards the non-solvated electron.</p><p>It seems that the non-solvated electron takes part in the formation of positronium and of radiolytic H<sub>2</sub>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 283-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90071-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78964289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 36
Reaction of hydrogen atoms with hydroxide ions to give solvated electrons 氢原子与氢氧根离子发生反应，产生溶剂化电子
International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry Pub Date : 1976-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7055(76)90088-7
Martyn C.R. Symons, Donald N. Zimmerman
{"title":"Reaction of hydrogen atoms with hydroxide ions to give solvated electrons","authors":"Martyn C.R. Symons,&nbsp;Donald N. Zimmerman","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90088-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90088-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exposure of aqueous alkaline glasses to <sup>60</sup>Co <em>γ</em>-rays followed by photobleaching to remove e<sub>t</sub><sup>−</sup> resulted in E.S.R. spectra dominated by O<sub>t</sub><sup>-</sup> and H·<sub>t</sub><sup>-</sup>, but at <em>ca</em>. 110 K H·<sub>t</sub> was lost and e<sub>t</sub><sup>−</sup> reappeared.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 3","pages":"Page 395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90088-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90591750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Electron scavenging in ethylene glycol-water glass at 4 and 77K: Scavenging of trapped vs mobile electrons 乙二醇-水玻璃在4和77K下的电子清除:捕获电子和移动电子的清除
International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry Pub Date : 1976-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7055(76)90046-2
Ding-ping Lin, Larry Kevan, Harald B. Steen
{"title":"Electron scavenging in ethylene glycol-water glass at 4 and 77K: Scavenging of trapped vs mobile electrons","authors":"Ding-ping Lin,&nbsp;Larry Kevan,&nbsp;Harald B. Steen","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90046-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90046-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electron scavenging efficiencies have been measured at 77 and 4 K in ethylene glycol-water glass for the following scavengers which span a 250-fold range of scavenger efficiencies at 77 K: HCl, NaNO<sub>3</sub> and K<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub>. The range of scavenging efficiencies decreases to 62 at 4 K with the largest relative change occurring for the less efficient scavengers. These results are suggested to be most consistent with a model in which scavenging occurs by tunneling from shallowly and deeply trapped electrons at 4 and 77 K, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 6","pages":"Pages 713-717"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90046-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73570511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Radiolysis of halogenated aromatic compounds in aqueous solutions—I conductometric pulse radiolysis and steady-state studies of the reaction of eaq− 水溶液中卤代芳香族化合物的辐射分解——电导脉冲辐射分解和eaq−反应的稳态研究
International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry Pub Date : 1976-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7055(76)90037-1
J. Lichtscheidl, N. Getoff
{"title":"Radiolysis of halogenated aromatic compounds in aqueous solutions—I conductometric pulse radiolysis and steady-state studies of the reaction of eaq−","authors":"J. Lichtscheidl,&nbsp;N. Getoff","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90037-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90037-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The reaction of e<sub>aq</sub><sup>−</sup> with halogenated aromatic compounds (fluoro-, chloro-, bromobenzene, and 2-, 3-, 4-chloro-aniline) was studied by conductometric pulse radiolysis and under steady-state conditions. It was established that in the pH range from 4 to 10 all e<sub>aq</sub><sup>−</sup> are reacting with the compound in question by quantitative splitting of the halide anion (X<sup>−</sup>). Considering certain experimental factors <em>G</em>(X<sup>−</sup>)=2.7 was obtained by both methods for all investigated substances. This fact is in disagreement with previous observations on various halogenated compounds. However, it can be explained taking all possible reactions for each system into account.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 6","pages":"Pages 661-665"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90037-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80956025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 28
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