Interdisciplinary Materials最新文献

{"title":"Defect-Rich Ir Single-Atom/NiMnOx Catalyst: From Surface Reconstruction to Practical PEM Electrolysis","authors":"Jingjing Zhang,&nbsp;Qiong Zeng,&nbsp;Meiliang Ma,&nbsp;Yafu Wang,&nbsp;Yan Wang,&nbsp;Huan Ren,&nbsp;Zhaoxian Qin,&nbsp;Qingyi Qian,&nbsp;Zhong-Kang Han,&nbsp;Jiangwei Zhang,&nbsp;Gao Li","doi":"10.1002/idm2.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/idm2.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Developing highly active and durable catalysts for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a key challenge for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). Herein, we report an efficient OER catalyst constructed via a low-temperature calcination-hydrothermal ion-exchange method. A defect-rich amorphous NiMnO_<i>x</i> support, derived from spinel NiMnO₃, is employed due to its abundant surface dangling bonds and oxygen vacancies, which enable effective anchoring of Ir single atoms and activation of lattice oxygen. The engineered amorphous structure with abundant surface defects, together with strengthened Ir─O coordination, stabilizes isolated Ir sites and promotes charge transfer. Density functional theory calculations reveal that efficient electron transfer channels were established between Ir and NiMnO_<i>x</i>, enabling precise regulation of d-band centers through p–d orbital coupling, optimizing oxygen intermediate binding energies. As a result, the Ir_SA-NiMnO_<i>x</i> catalyst exhibits exceptional performance in acidic OER, requiring only 193 mV overpotential at 10 mA cm⁻², outperforming commercial IrO₂ (290 mV), and demonstrating outstanding stability for 800 h at 200 mA cm⁻². More importantly, the Ir_SA-NiMnO_<i>x</i> exhibits a potential-dependent OER mechanism (oxide pathway mechanism, OPM, at low potentials and synergistic oxide pathway mechanism-lattice oxygen mechanism, OPM-LOM, at higher potentials) and delivers improved performance in practical PEMWE systems (1 A cm⁻²@1.85 V) with the advantage of spray-coating fabrication. This work provides a strategy for designing efficient OER catalysts and offers insights into the relationship between surface reconstruction and single-atom catalysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":100685,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Materials","volume":"5 5","pages":"868-878"},"PeriodicalIF":24.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/idm2.70072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inside Back Cover: Volume 5 Issue 5","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/idm2.70090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/idm2.70090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Inside Back Cover</b>: The cover of doi: 10.1002/idm2.70075 illustrates a luminous electrolytemediated ion bridge connecting a magnesium metal anode and a sulfur cathode, highlighting regulated Mg²⁺ solvation, interfacial stabilization, and reversible Mg plating/stripping as central themes in advanced electrolyte design. This review presents how rational electrolyte engineering bridges fundamental mechanistic understanding and practical high-performance Mg-S battery development.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":100685,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Materials","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/idm2.70090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confinement Effects in High‑Efficiency Electrocatalysis: Design, Mechanisms, and Applications","authors":"Congcong Yang,&nbsp;Zhihang Liu,&nbsp;Jingshuo Liu,&nbsp;Chuang Chen,&nbsp;Zhiqun Lin,&nbsp;Likun Gao","doi":"10.1002/idm2.70071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/idm2.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The continued dominance of fossil energy has led to severe environmental pollution and resource depletion, underscoring the urgent need for sustainable energy conversion technologies to achieve carbon neutrality. Electrocatalysis has emerged as a promising solution, and confinement engineering has proven to be an effective strategy for enhancing electrocatalytic performance by precisely regulating the structure of active species, tailoring reaction microenvironments, and accelerating mass and charge-transfer kinetics. Despite these advantages, the rational design of confined electrocatalytic systems remains challenging due to ambiguous structure–activity relationships, limited mechanistic understanding of confined reaction processes, and the difficulty of precisely controlling confinement effects in complex architectures. This review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis strategies, functional mechanisms, and structure–property relationships of confinement‑engineered electrocatalysts, with a particular emphasis on the role of zero‑ to three‑dimensional confined spaces in modulating electronic structures, promoting reactant adsorption, and lowering reaction energy barriers. Finally, critical challenges and future opportunities in confined electrocatalysis are discussed, including precise synthetic control, mechanistic elucidation, and practical implementation. This review aims to provide in‑depth insights to guide the rational design of high‑efficiency electrocatalysts and accelerate their translation into practical energy applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":100685,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Materials","volume":"5 5","pages":"728-748"},"PeriodicalIF":24.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/idm2.70071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carrier Mobility Enhancement in Two-Dimensional Semiconductor","authors":"Huchanghui Zuo,&nbsp;Yuehao Li,&nbsp;Xiangkai Liu,&nbsp;Chao Tan,&nbsp;Guohua Hu,&nbsp;Mingdong Dong,&nbsp;Zegao Wang","doi":"10.1002/idm2.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/idm2.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Continued dimensional scaling of silicon-based CMOS technology is approaching fundamental physical limits, with degraded carrier mobility and increasingly severe short-channel effects posing major challenges to further device scaling. Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, characterized by atomically thin bodies and chemically passivated, dangling-bond-free surfaces, provide exceptional electrostatic gate control and have thus emerged as compelling candidates for channel materials in next-generation integrated circuits. Yet, experimentally measured carrier mobility in 2D FETs often remains far below their phonon-limited theoretical values because carrier transport is strongly affected by extrinsic scattering sources, including charged impurities, surface optical phonons, dielectric disorder, trap states, and Fermi-level-pinned contact barriers. This review provides a systematic and critical assessment of recent advances in mobility enhancement strategies for 2D semiconductor-based field-effect transistors (FETs). We begin by elucidating the distinctive carrier transport physics inherent to the strict 2D limit. We then examine six major classes of strategies: (i) defect suppression and atomic-scale repair, (ii) contact interface engineering, including work-function tuning and van der Waals integration, (iii) charged impurity passivation combined with high-<i>κ</i> dielectric integration, (iv) controlled uniaxial and biaxial strain engineering, (v) heterostructure design and band alignment optimization, and (vi) emerging device architectures and electrostatic or doping modulation schemes. For each strategy, we summarize the underlying physical mechanisms, discuss representative experimental and theoretical advances, and compare key performance metrics, including peak field-effect mobility, on-state current density, and so forth. Finally, we discuss remaining scientific and technological challenges, including wafer-scale material uniformity, scalable and CMOS-compatible processing, reliable low-resistance contact, and heterogeneous integration, and we outline future directions toward the practical deployment of 2D semiconductors in high-performance and energy-efficient electronic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":100685,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Materials","volume":"5 5","pages":"796-833"},"PeriodicalIF":24.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/idm2.70081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outside Front Cover: Volume 5 Issue 5","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/idm2.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/idm2.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Outside Front Cover</b>: The cover of doi: 10.1002/idm2.70071 illustrates a three-dimensional hierarchically porous material serving as an electrocatalytic nanoreactor. Driven by renewable energy, the porous confined structure facilitates electrocatalytic water splitting in aqueous electrolyte.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":100685,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Materials","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/idm2.70088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking Ferroelectricity in Hafnia: From Phase Origins to Device Integration","authors":"Jiangzhen Niu,&nbsp;Xichen Tang,&nbsp;Wenhui Shi,&nbsp;Yunrui Xiu,&nbsp;Huimin Mao,&nbsp;Ye Tao,&nbsp;Xiaoning Zhao,&nbsp;Ya Lin,&nbsp;Zhongqiang Wang,&nbsp;Haiyang Xu,&nbsp;Yichun Liu","doi":"10.1002/idm2.70073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/idm2.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This review provides a systematic overview of the critical factors governing the emergence of ferroelectricity in hafnia-based systems, covering fundamental physical mechanisms, material modification routes, device integration schemes, and state-of-the-art application scenarios. The theoretical advances in crystalline phase evolution, phase transition energetics, and intrinsic ferroelectric origins of hafnia-based systems are comprehensively elaborated from a physical perspective. Key strategies for triggering ferroelectric phase formation and optimizing functional performance in hafnia ferroelectrics are thoroughly analyzed, including elemental doping, oxygen vacancy regulation, thermal modulation, epitaxial/electrode strain engineering, as well as interfacial design via seed layers, capping layers and interlayers. In terms of device implementation, representative components such as ferroelectric capacitors, diodes, tunnel junctions and transistors are overviewed, with a further discussion on their CMOS-compatible integration and prospective applications in nonvolatile memory and neuromorphic computing. The current progress and core challenges of hafnia-based ferroelectrics are summarized concerning phase origin clarification, performance optimization and practical device integration. Furthermore, this review outlines potential research frontiers in such material systems, offering rational insights to guide subsequent exploration of this fast-developing research field.</p>","PeriodicalId":100685,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Materials","volume":"5 5","pages":"749-771"},"PeriodicalIF":24.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/idm2.70073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging Fundamentals and Practice: Advances in Electrolyte Chemistry for Rechargeable Magnesium-Sulfur Batteries","authors":"Jinlong Hu,&nbsp;Ziwei Que,&nbsp;Xinyi Huang,&nbsp;Chen Li,&nbsp;Rui Huang,&nbsp;Chaohe Xu","doi":"10.1002/idm2.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/idm2.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Magnesium-sulfur (Mg-S) batteries are emerging as promising next-generation energy storage systems in view of their ultrahigh volumetric energy density, abundant magnesium/sulfur resources, and enhanced safety characteristics. Despite these advantages, the practical development of Mg-S batteries remains largely constrained by electrolyte limitations. This review provides an overview of recent advances in Mg-S electrolytes, focusing on synthesis strategies, anion-cation chemistry, solvation regulation, and electrochemical properties of both non-nucleophilic and nucleophilic systems. We highlight progress in non-nucleophilic electrolytes, covering chloride-containing, chloride-free, and polymer-based (gel/solid-state) systems, and discuss how functional additives and interphase engineering can stabilize the Mg anode, tune sulfur redox pathways, and mitigate the shuttle effect. The remaining challenges and research gaps in Mg-S electrolytes are outlined, and future directions are proposed to advance practical Mg-S electrolyte development.</p>","PeriodicalId":100685,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Materials","volume":"5 5","pages":"772-795"},"PeriodicalIF":24.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/idm2.70075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inside Front Cover: Volume 5 Issue 5","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/idm2.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/idm2.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Inside Front Cover</b>: The cover image of doi: 10.1002/idm2.70074 visualizes how the number of possible configurations expands rapidly as the number of available states increases, while structured low-irregularity pathways persist within that larger space. Rendered as a spiral, the image maps this growth into an intuitive geometry: color reflects the abundance of configurations, and the luminous trajectories trace especially ordered families embedded within an expanding landscape of possibilities. The work it represents develops the idea of selective imperfection, showing how broken symmetry can generate new local order in music and, more broadly, in materials and other complex systems.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":100685,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Materials","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/idm2.70089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuromorphic Hardware Materials for Intelligent Artificial Perception and Multimodal Fusion: From Sensing to Cognition","authors":"Yixin Zhu,&nbsp;Yuqing Hu,&nbsp;Changjin Wan,&nbsp;Qing Wan","doi":"10.1002/idm2.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/idm2.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biological sensory systems are characterized by the tightly integrated execution of perception, memory, and computation, thereby providing an important model for the development of next-generation artificial-intelligence hardware. In contrast, conventional perception systems based on the von Neumann architecture are often limited by intensive data transfer, high-power consumption, and insufficient real-time adaptability. To overcome these constraints, neuromorphic devices have been widely explored as a promising hardware platform, because synaptic plasticity and neuron-like spiking dynamics can be physically emulated, enabling in-sensor and near-sensor computing. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in intelligent artificial perception systems based on neuromorphic hardware. The operating principles, material systems, and functional characteristics of two-terminal memristive devices, three-terminal neuromorphic transistors, and related integrated architectures are first discussed. Representative progress in neuromorphic visual, tactile, auditory, and chemical perception is then reviewed. Particular attention is also given to multimodal fusion systems, in which heterogeneous sensory information can be temporally coordinated, physically coupled, and jointly processed at the hardware level. Finally, the key challenges that still restrict practical deployment are discussed, including device nonidealities, array-level uniformity, large-scale integration, external power dependence, and hardware-algorithm co-optimization. Future progress is expected to rely on coordinated advances in materials, devices, circuits, and algorithms. Such efforts will drive neuromorphic artificial perception from single-function biomimicry toward scalable multimodal cognitive systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":100685,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Materials","volume":"5 5","pages":"699-727"},"PeriodicalIF":24.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/idm2.70070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Materials and Music: Selective Imperfection as a Generative Framework for Analysis, Creativity and Discovery","authors":"Markus J. Buehler","doi":"10.1002/idm2.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/idm2.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We introduce materiomusic as a generative framework linking the hierarchical structures of matter with the compositional logic of music. Across proteins, spider webs, and fluid or flame dynamics, vibrational and architectural principles recur as tonal hierarchies, harmonic progressions, and long-range musical form. Using reversible mappings, from molecular spectra to musical tones and from three-dimensional networks to playable instruments, we show how sound functions as a scientific probe (an epistemic inversion where listening becomes a mode of seeing), while musical composition becomes a blueprint for matter. These mappings also excavate deep time: patterns originating in femtosecond molecular vibrations or billion-year evolutionary histories become audible and composable in the present. We propose a physics of invention: novelty in science and art emerges when constraints cannot be satisfied within existing degrees of freedom, forcing expansion of the space of viable configurations. Selective imperfection provides the mechanism restoring balance between coherence and adaptability. Quantitative support comes from exhaustive enumeration of all <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>12</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </semantics></math> musical scales, revealing that culturally significant systems cluster in a mid-entropy, mid-defect corridor, directly paralleling the Hall-Petch optimum where intermediate defect densities maximize material strength. Iterating these mappings creates productive collisions between human creativity and physical law, generating new information as musical structures encounter evolutionary constraints in folding, mechanics, and flow. Extending to artificial intelligence, swarm-based agentic models compose music exhibiting human-like structural signatures such as small-world connectivity, modular integration, long-range coherence, suggesting a route beyond interpolation toward invention. Finally, we advance an epistemology of creation: science and art are generative acts of world-building under constraint (physical, chemical, informational, and cultural), with vibration as a shared grammar organizing structure across scales. The framework supports multimodal <i>de novo</i> protein design, performance-based interrogation of natural architectures, and AI systems that invent through collective dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":100685,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Materials","volume":"5 5","pages":"834-867"},"PeriodicalIF":24.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/idm2.70074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}