iLIVER最新文献

{"title":"Liver transplantation and immune tolerance: Setting the stage for optimal post-transplant status","authors":"Jiaying Cao, Qi Ling","doi":"10.1016/j.iliver.2024.100097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iliver.2024.100097","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100657,"journal":{"name":"iLIVER","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100097"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772947824000227/pdfft?md5=88237d48481d600184c150e90112c29a&pid=1-s2.0-S2772947824000227-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141138982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical outcomes of cessation of nucleoside/nucleotide analogues in Chinese patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B","authors":"Fengyi Li ,&nbsp;Yadong Zhang ,&nbsp;Chao Liu ,&nbsp;Juan Li ,&nbsp;Dali Zhang ,&nbsp;Yinjie Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.iliver.2024.100093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iliver.2024.100093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Cessation of nucleoside/nucleotide analogue (Nuc) therapy in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains controversial.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this prospective, single-center cohort study, we recruited 45 patients with HBeAg-negative CHB from The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital in mainland China. Patients were classified into a Nuc cessation group (<em>n</em> = 27) and Nuc continuation group (<em>n</em> = 18) and followed-up for 36 months. Nuc were stopped after being inactive for at least 4 years (normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT), undetectable hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA), with liver fibrosis ≤ Stage1 (S1) and inflammation ≤ Grade (G1).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Within 3 years of follow-up, 51.9% patients with Nuc cessation had virological relapse and 14.8% had ALT elevation, while all patients with Nuc continuation had undetectable HBV DNA and normal ALT. The rate of HBsAg loss after Nuc cessation was 22.2% compared with no seroconversion in patients with Nuc continuation. The hepatitis flare rate was 11.1% and there were no cases of hepatic decompensation after Nuc cessation. End of treatment (EOT) HBsAg, HBV RNA, and decline in HBV core-related antigen (HBcrAg) rate were predictive markers for HBsAg seroconversion at 6 months post-Nuc cessation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study showed favorable HBsAg loss and low hepatitis flare rates after Nuc cessation. EOT HBsAg, HBV RNA, and decline in HBcrAg rate were predictive markers for HBsAg seroconversion at 6 months post-Nuc cessation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100657,"journal":{"name":"iLIVER","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100093"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772947824000185/pdfft?md5=281d1e196ead862d400d47395ba25156&pid=1-s2.0-S2772947824000185-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140398463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of efficacy and safety for the combination of regorafenib and PD-1 inhibitor in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A real-world clinical study","authors":"Zhongchao Li,&nbsp;Jingtao Zhong,&nbsp;Chengsheng Zhang,&nbsp;Bo Zhang,&nbsp;Xuetao Shi,&nbsp;Lei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.iliver.2024.100092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iliver.2024.100092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent and deadly disease with limited treatment options. Regorafenib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has shown promise in HCC treatment but faces limitations as a monotherapy. Combining regorafenib with PD-1 inhibitor may improve efficacy and survival outcomes for patients. This retrospective analysis was conducted to explore its efficacy and safety, providing reference experience for better application of this combination therapy.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This retrospective single-center study evaluated the efficacy and safety of combining regorafenib with PD-1 blockade for patients with HCC. Efficacy was evaluated according to the RECIST 1.1 evaluation criteria. Safety was assessed using CTCAE 4.0. Data was analyzed to compare survival status in different subgroups.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Generally, there were 76 patients with HCC elected to receive the regorafenib plus PD-1 blockade treatment during the study period. The objective response rate was 21.1% (<em>n</em> = 16), and the disease control rate was 56.6% (<em>n</em> = 43). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6.8 months, and median overall survival had not yet been reached. All patients suffered of at least 1 adverse event. Grade ≥3 adverse events occurred in 31.6% of patients (<em>n</em> = 24), with the most common being hand-foot syndrome, decreased appetite, and abdominal distension. Subgroup analyses showed no significant differences in PFS based on cirrhosis status or previous treatment lines.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>With manageable safety, regorafenib combined PD-1 inhibitor could bring survival benefits for advanced HCC who have received systemic treatment. Further, the Cox analysis showed that HBV infection, metastasis, etc. did not have significant effects on the survival benefits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100657,"journal":{"name":"iLIVER","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772947824000173/pdfft?md5=714108c0991fc3608cf1d3f3d027572c&pid=1-s2.0-S2772947824000173-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140405142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the future of liver disease research: A roadmap for iLIVER","authors":"Lei Cai,&nbsp;Ming-Da Wang,&nbsp;Tian Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.iliver.2024.100084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iliver.2024.100084","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100657,"journal":{"name":"iLIVER","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100084"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772947824000094/pdfft?md5=118dead8c509dfd177b9b6c0e5ee1c03&pid=1-s2.0-S2772947824000094-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140096204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for esophagogastric variceal-related poor outcomes in primary biliary cholangitis: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Lin Han ,&nbsp;Huan Xie ,&nbsp;Xue-Mei Ma ,&nbsp;Xiao-Long Lu ,&nbsp;Jun Zhao ,&nbsp;Qing-Sheng Liang ,&nbsp;Zheng-Sheng Zou ,&nbsp;Jing-Feng Bi ,&nbsp;Bo Jin ,&nbsp;Ying Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.iliver.2024.100081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iliver.2024.100081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><p>Esophagogastric varices (EGV) are common complications of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). We examined the risk factors for variceal bleeding-related liver transplantation (LT) or death.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This prospective observational cohort study involved PBC in our hospital from 1 January 2005 to 1 January 2020. The clinical endpoints were variceal bleeding-related LT and death. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier estimate, cox regression analysis was performed to investigate risk factors.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>PBC with EGV had significantly shorter survival than those without (<em>p</em> = 0.002). Endoscopic prophylaxis significantly improved poor outcomes in PBC with EGV (<em>p</em> <em>&lt;</em> 0.001). Risk factors in patients with EGV included: cholinesterase (CHE) of &lt;1.0 × upper limit of normal (ULN), international normalized ratio (INR) of &gt;1.2 × ULN at baseline, total bilirubin of &gt;1.2 × ULN, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of &gt;2.3 × ULN after 1 year of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment, non-biochemical responders according to the Paris criteria, and no history of endoscopic therapy. In PBC without EGV, risk factors included AST of &gt;2.3 × ULN, INR of &gt;1.2 × ULN at baseline, CHE of &lt;1.0 × ULN after 1 year of UDCA treatment, and GLOBE score of &gt;1.125.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study provides evidence that AST, INR and CHE are major risk factors for variceal bleeding-related poor outcomes in PBC. For PBC with EGV, a good biochemical response to UDCA and endoscopic prophylaxis may improve survival. These findings can aid for guiding initial PBC risk stratification and screening endoscopy in patients without EGV.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100657,"journal":{"name":"iLIVER","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100081"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772947824000069/pdfft?md5=b86f241c6c5e865ce844c195f7d4042e&pid=1-s2.0-S2772947824000069-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139813751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiomic features on contrast-enhanced images of the remnant liver predict the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma after partial hepatectomy","authors":"Meilong Wu ,&nbsp;Liping Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Wang ,&nbsp;Ying Xiao ,&nbsp;Shizhong Yang ,&nbsp;Jiahong Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.iliver.2024.100079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iliver.2024.100079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><p>Radiomic features extracted from preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) images have been shown to predict the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the prognostic role of radiomic features obtained from postoperative contrast-enhanced CT images of the remnant liver remains unclear. This study explored the prognostic value of radiomic features extracted from postoperative contrast-enhanced CT images in patients with HCC.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Robust radiomic features were obtained from postoperative contrast-enhanced CT images for 78 patients with primary HCC and used to construct a radiomics score. A clinical model and a combined model that integrated clinicopathological indicators and the radiomics score were established. The predictive performance of the model was assessed using the concordance index and net reclassification index.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The postoperative radiomics score for the remnant liver was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The combined model was not inferior to the clinical model in predicting DFS but was superior in predicting OS. The net reclassification index confirmed that the combined model was more accurate and efficient in predicting OS and DFS. The radiomics score for DFS was significantly associated with tumor thrombus in the portal vein and the postoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio. The radiomics score for OS was associated with multiple tumors, microvascular invasion, and tumor thrombus in the portal vein.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Postoperative contrast-enhanced CT radiomic features of the remnant liver were valuable prognostic indicators that could potentially reflect tumor burden and postoperative inflammatory status and provide more information for clinical decision-making.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100657,"journal":{"name":"iLIVER","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100079"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772947824000045/pdfft?md5=c065aba55254c61a1225a54fc0d41961&pid=1-s2.0-S2772947824000045-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139820567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic role of selection criteria for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Review and bibliometric","authors":"Pamela Scarlett Espinoza Loyola ,&nbsp;Diana Laura Muratalla Bautista ,&nbsp;Karen Adela Hernández Bautista ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Gil White ,&nbsp;José Antonio González Moreno ,&nbsp;Daniel Angel Torres del Real ,&nbsp;Víctor Manuel Páez Zayas ,&nbsp;Carla Escorza-Molina ,&nbsp;Fernando Mondragón Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Omar Vásquez Gómez ,&nbsp;Luis Jorge Fernández López ,&nbsp;Paul Santiago Mogrovejo Vázquez ,&nbsp;Isidoro Aczel Sánchez-Cedillo ,&nbsp;Víctor Jose Visag Castillo","doi":"10.1016/j.iliver.2024.100077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iliver.2024.100077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world and is one of the leading indications for liver transplantation, liver transplantation is the gold standard treatment for end stage liver disease. Diagnosis is based up on radiological characteristics and rarely biopsy results. However treatment must be individualized to each patient to improve recurrences and outcomes. In this article, we focus on the different selection criteria for liver transplantation. This study aimed to investigate the distribution laws and research frontiers of international literature, so as to present holistic bibliometric evaluation of the studies on 5-year survival and disease-free recurrence in 5 years, according to hepatocarcinoma criteria for liver transplantation. The paper aims to review and analyze 5-year survival and disease-free recurrence based on hepatocarcinoma criteria for liver transplantation. It systematically examines and summarizes distribution characteristics and research frontiers through bibliometric analysis. A bibliographic search was implemented in PubMed/Medline, Clinical Key, Science Direct and Index Medicus with MESH terms, from the year 1996–2022. Patients selected for transplantation using the Metroticket 2.0 (MT2) criteria had the highest overall survival along with patients selected for transplantation using the Milan Criteria had the best 5-year disease-free recurrence. The Metroticket 2.0 criteria (MT2) and Milan Criteria (MC) have shown the most favorable post-transplant outcomes for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, MC demonstrated the best 5-year disease-free recurrence rate, underscoring the significance of taking into account tumor morphology and biology when determining the eligibility of HCC patients for liver transplantation. The distribution characteristics and research frontiers by bibliometrics concerning prognostic role of selection criteria for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma the collaborations are sufficient to reach a consensus that the Milan criteria are the best criteria.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100657,"journal":{"name":"iLIVER","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100077"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772947824000021/pdfft?md5=9a6497898d12245cd13ea8b00292d9d2&pid=1-s2.0-S2772947824000021-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140042498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging role of molecular diagnosis and personalized therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma","authors":"Ming-Da Wang ,&nbsp;Yong-Kang Diao ,&nbsp;Lan-Qing Yao ,&nbsp;Zhong-Qi Fan ,&nbsp;Ke-Chun Wang ,&nbsp;Han Wu ,&nbsp;Li-Hui Gu ,&nbsp;Jia-Hao Xu ,&nbsp;Chao Li ,&nbsp;Guo-Yue Lv ,&nbsp;Tian Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.iliver.2024.100083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iliver.2024.100083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignancy worldwide, ranking as the sixth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Late diagnosis, limited management options, and its complex etiology contribute to the poor prognosis and high mortality rates. Recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of HCC and innovations in high-throughput sequencing technologies have led to the development of molecular diagnostics and personalized therapies for this challenging malignancy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of research on the molecular diagnosis and individualized treatment for HCC. We highlight key advances and potential future directions and discuss the application of next-generation sequencing technologies to identify and characterize genetic and epigenetic alterations in HCC patients. These technologies may aid in the selection of targeted therapies, prediction of treatment response, and monitoring disease progression. Furthermore, we explore the role of liquid biopsy in HCC diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and treatment monitoring, focusing on circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, and extracellular vesicles. We also explore the evolving landscape of personalized therapy for HCC, including targeted therapies against key oncogenic signaling pathways, immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor-agnostic therapies, and innovative cell-based therapies. We discuss the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead in the quest to improve HCC patient outcomes through the integration of molecular diagnostics and individualized precision therapies. We emphasize the need for multi-interdisciplinary collaboration, refinement of predictive and prognostic biomarkers, and the development of more effective combination strategies for HCC management in the new area of precision medicine.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100657,"journal":{"name":"iLIVER","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772947824000082/pdfft?md5=bd51dc230c2eaf9accdb3562d7e30e85&pid=1-s2.0-S2772947824000082-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139873264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence-based pathological analysis of liver cancer: Current advancements and interpretative strategies","authors":"Guang-Yu Ding ,&nbsp;Jie-Yi Shi ,&nbsp;Xiao-Dong Wang ,&nbsp;Bo Yan ,&nbsp;Xi-Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Qiang Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.iliver.2024.100082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iliver.2024.100082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, significant advances have been achieved in liver cancer management with the development of artificial intelligence (AI). AI-based pathological analysis can extract crucial information from whole slide images to assist clinicians in all aspects from diagnosis to prognosis and molecular profiling. However, AI techniques have a “black box” nature, which means that interpretability is of utmost importance because it is key to ensuring the reliability of the methods and building trust among clinicians for actual clinical implementation. In this paper, we provide an overview of current technical advancements in the AI-based pathological analysis of liver cancer, and delve into the strategies used in recent studies to unravel the “black box” of AI's decision-making process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100657,"journal":{"name":"iLIVER","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772947824000070/pdfft?md5=066fabb4fd4ae8d1a5a1663b2066d90e&pid=1-s2.0-S2772947824000070-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139875057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovations in 3D bioprinting and biomaterials for liver tissue engineering: Paving the way for tissue-engineered liver","authors":"Qi Wang ,&nbsp;Yutian Feng ,&nbsp;Anqi Wang ,&nbsp;Yuelei Hu ,&nbsp;Yannan Cao ,&nbsp;Jingjing Zheng ,&nbsp;Yinpeng Le ,&nbsp;Juan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.iliver.2024.100080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iliver.2024.100080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The liver is a pivotal organ that maintains internal homeostasis and actively participates in multiple physiological processes. Liver tissue engineering (LTE), by which <em>in vitro</em> biomimetic liver models are constructed, serves as a platform for disease research, drug screening, and cell replacement therapies. 3D bioprinting is used in tissue engineering to create microenvironments that closely mimic authentic tissues with carefully selected functional biomaterials. Ideal functional biomaterials exhibit characteristics such as high biocompatibility, mechanical strength, flexibility, processability, and tunable degradability. Biomaterials can be categorized into natural and synthetic biomaterials, each with its own advantages and limitations, and their combinations serve as a primary source of 3D bioprinting materials. It is noteworthy that the liver decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM), obtained by removing cellular components from tissues, possesses traits such as bioactivity, biocompatibility, and non-immunogenicity, making it a common choice among functional biomaterials. Furthermore, crosslinking of biomaterials significantly impacts the mechanical strength, physicochemical properties, and cellular behavior of the printed structures. This review covers the current utilization of biomaterials in LTE, focusing on natural and synthetic biomaterials as well as the selection and application of crosslinking methods. The aim is to enhance the fidelity of <em>in vitro</em> liver tissue models by providing a comprehensive coverage of functional biomaterials, thereby establishing a versatile platform for tissue-engineered livers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100657,"journal":{"name":"iLIVER","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772947824000057/pdfft?md5=65053d389a689ac1379d75200952feb4&pid=1-s2.0-S2772947824000057-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139830212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}