{"title":"Assessment of Economic Surplus Generated at the European Balancing Platforms","authors":"Ulf Kasper;Andreas Kindsmüller;David Steber;Simon Remppis;Dominik Schlipf;Alexander Warsewa","doi":"10.1109/TEMPR.2024.3400902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMPR.2024.3400902","url":null,"abstract":"Load frequency control is a well-established concept in AC-operated power systems. Balancing services are used to continuously keep the equilibrium between feed-in and withdrawal of electrical energy. In recent years, significant harmonization efforts took place in Europe to create a common domestic market for balancing energy. Beside alignment of market rules and product definitions, the establishment of European balancing platforms has been one cornerstone in this development. In 2022, the last two platforms went live enabling all connected countries to commonly activate balancing energy. This paper introduces the general concept of balancing platforms as well as the relevant elements of economic surplus resulting from the exchange of balancing energy. Based on the actual submitted bids, the economic surplus generated at the European balancing platforms for Frequency Restoration Reserves during the first year of operation is assessed. Without additional surplus due to unsatisfied demand, the economic surplus resulting from the exchange of balancing energy sums up to 174.6 m. € in the considered period. The experience from setting up and operating European balancing results in an outlook on further opportunities to foster competition by extending the European balancing platforms into balancing capacity cooperations.","PeriodicalId":100639,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation","volume":"2 4","pages":"570-578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Blank Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TEMPR.2024.3369356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMPR.2024.3369356","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100639,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation","volume":"2 1","pages":"C4-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10472735","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140135258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy, and Regulation Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TEMPR.2024.3369350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMPR.2024.3369350","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100639,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation","volume":"2 1","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10472734","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140135278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluating Offshore Electricity Market Design Considering Endogenous Infrastructure Investments: Zonal or Nodal?","authors":"Michiel Kenis;Vladimir Dvorkin;Tim Schittekatte;Kenneth Bruninx;Erik Delarue;Audun Botterud","doi":"10.1109/TEMPR.2024.3399611","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMPR.2024.3399611","url":null,"abstract":"Policy makers are formulating offshore energy infrastructure plans, including wind turbines, electrolyzers, and HVDC transmission lines. An effective market design is crucial to guide cost-efficient investments and dispatch decisions. This paper jointly studies the impact of offshore market design choices on the investment in offshore electrolyzers and HVDC transmission capacity. We present a bilevel model that incorporates investments in offshore energy infrastructure, day-ahead market dispatch, and potential redispatch actions near real-time to ensure transmission constraints are respected. Our findings demonstrate that full nodal pricing, i.e., nodal pricing both onshore and offshore, outperforms the onshore zonal combined with offshore nodal pricing or offshore zonal layouts. While combining onshore zonal with offshore nodal pricing can be considered as a second-best option, it generally diminishes the profitability of offshore wind farms. However, if investment costs of offshore electrolyzers are relatively low, they can serve as catalysts to increase the revenues of the offshore wind farms. This study contributes to the understanding of market designs for highly interconnected offshore power systems, offering insights into the impact of congestion pricing methodologies on investment decisions. Besides, it is useful towards understanding the interaction of offshore loads like electrolyzers with financial support mechanisms for offshore wind farms.","PeriodicalId":100639,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation","volume":"2 4","pages":"476-487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141114012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Testing Alternative Electricity Market Design Performances: Methodology and Case Study","authors":"Adam Suski;Debabrata Chattopadhyay;Claire Nicolas","doi":"10.1109/TEMPR.2024.3375645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMPR.2024.3375645","url":null,"abstract":"Wholesale market design choices continue to be debated after four decades, especially as they are being scrutinized in light of the decarbonization goals. This paper shows how a Nash-Cournot equilibrium model can combine capacity, energy, and ancillary services. The model integrates multi-year capacity expansion with dispatch decisions to capture the gaming behavior of generators in the long term, including entry and short-term capacity withdrawal decisions with and without carbon constraints. The model is deployed for Georgia, a hydro-dominated system in Eastern Europe where a new market will be introduced in 2024. The modeling analysis examines how alternative design options perform to support the country's power sector decarbonization. The results show that, in such a system, the proposed energy-only (EO) marke design performs well, yielding the lowest prices without exacerbating volatility both with and without emission constraints. Although the EO design brings in less capacity, leading to higher expected unserved energy (EUE), it does not breach the incumbent reliability standard, albeit we show that it does expose the system to power shortage in extreme low hydro availability scenarios. On the contrary, the options with a capacity market may lead to significant excess capacity, albeit curbing price volatility as well as EUE. While these findings are specific to Georgia, the modeling framework can be deployed in other systems/countries to evaluate market design proposalst.","PeriodicalId":100639,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation","volume":"2 3","pages":"407-422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Temporal-Aware Deep Reinforcement Learning for Energy Storage Bidding in Energy and Contingency Reserve Markets","authors":"Jinhao Li;Changlong Wang;Yanru Zhang;Hao Wang","doi":"10.1109/TEMPR.2024.3372656","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMPR.2024.3372656","url":null,"abstract":"The battery energy storage system (BESS) has immense potential for enhancing grid reliability and security through its participation in the electricity market. BESS often seeks various revenue streams by taking part in multiple markets to unlock its full potential, but effective algorithms for joint-market participation under price uncertainties are insufficiently explored in the existing research. To bridge this gap, we develop a novel BESS joint bidding strategy that utilizes deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to bid in the spot and contingency frequency control ancillary services (FCAS) markets. Our approach leverages a transformer-based temporal feature extractor to effectively respond to price fluctuations in seven markets simultaneously and helps DRL learn the best BESS bidding strategy in joint-market participation. Additionally, unlike conventional “black-box” DRL model, our approach is more interpretable and provides valuable insights into the temporal bidding behavior of BESS in the dynamic electricity market. We validate our method using realistic market prices from the Australian National Electricity Market. The results show that our strategy outperforms benchmarks, including both optimization-based and other DRL-based strategies, by substantial margins. Our findings further suggest that effective temporal-aware bidding can significantly increase profits in the spot and contingency FCAS markets compared to individual market participation.","PeriodicalId":100639,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation","volume":"2 3","pages":"392-406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140411622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Network Tariffs and Electricity Prices on the Investment Decisions for PV-Battery Systems","authors":"Jolien Despeghel;Johan Driesen","doi":"10.1109/TEMPR.2024.3367546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMPR.2024.3367546","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to assess the impact of a volumetric and a capacity-based network tariff, as well as the impact of a substantial electricity price increase on the decision of a household to invest in a PV-battery system. Therefore, a convex optimization model is implemented which returns the optimal sizing and operation from the households' perspective by minimizing the equivalent annual cost. Based on the analysis of the optimal PV-battery system for 200 households under four scenarios, this study found that the investment driver of a household changes from minimizing grid withdrawal to maximizing grid feed-in when the feed-in remuneration increases, as well as the maximization of the installed PV capacity. In addition, the price increase leads to a net profit as opposed to a reduced cost. The shift from a volumetric to a capacity-based tariff leads to a smaller gap between the consumers' and prosumers' contribution to the distribution grid costs, increasing fairness. However, the contributions could be insufficient to ensure adequate cost recovery, requiring possible adjustment of the tariff height by the DSO. Finally, policy makers need to be aware that a capacity-based tariff leads to a lower reduction of carbon emissions as opposed to a volumetric tariff.","PeriodicalId":100639,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation","volume":"2 2","pages":"175-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141319612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electricity Retail Plan Recommendation Method Based on Multigranular Hesitant Fuzzy Sets and an Improved Non-Negative Latent Factor Model","authors":"Yuanqian Ma;Ruinan Zheng;Yuhao Lu;Zhi Zhang;Yunchu Wang;Zhenzhi Lin;Li Yang;Hongle Liang;Peter Xiaoping Liu","doi":"10.1109/TEMPR.2024.3366528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMPR.2024.3366528","url":null,"abstract":"Electricity retail companies can derive significant benefits from precise recommendations of electricity retail plans (ERPs). However, existing recommendation methods often assume that customers are proficient in evaluating all the attributes of ERPs, and overlook the fact that the accuracy of predicting missing information is closely tied to the objective function of customers’ satisfaction, which degrades the recommendation results significantly. In light of the challenge, an ERP recommendation method based on multigranular hesitant fuzzy sets (MHFSs) and an improved non-negative latent factor model (INLFM) is proposed. First, a quantitative model for customer satisfaction based on MHFSs is established, which provides a foundation for estimating target customers’ satisfaction. Secondly, an INLFM-based prediction model is developed to fill in the missing values of customers’ satisfaction. Additionally, an estimation model for target customer satisfaction based on a customer portrait label system and a dual-layer affinity propagation (DLAP) clustering algorithm is proposed, and a top-H ERPs recommendation method is developed, facilitating precise ERP recommendation tailored to the needs of electricity retail company. Finally, case studies on customers in a high-tech development zone in eastern China show that the proposed method can characterize customers’ satisfaction more accurately and equitably, meanwhile reduce the recommendation deviation effectively.","PeriodicalId":100639,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation","volume":"2 2","pages":"146-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141319683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elina Spyrou;Ben Hobbs;Deb Chattopadhyay;Neha Mukhi
{"title":"How to Assess Uncertainty-Aware Frameworks for Power System Planning?","authors":"Elina Spyrou;Ben Hobbs;Deb Chattopadhyay;Neha Mukhi","doi":"10.1109/TEMPR.2024.3365977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMPR.2024.3365977","url":null,"abstract":"Computational advances along with the profound impact of uncertainty on power system investments have motivated the creation of power system planning frameworks that handle long-run uncertainty, large number of alternative plans, and multiple objectives. Planning agencies seek guidance to assess such frameworks. This article addresses this need in two ways. First, we augment previously proposed criteria for assessing planning frameworks by including new criteria such as stakeholder acceptance to make the assessments more comprehensive, while enhancing the practical applicability of assessment criteria by offering criterion-specific themes and questions. Second, using the proposed criteria, we compare two widely used but fundamentally distinct frameworks: an ‘agree-on-plans’ framework, Robust Decision Making (RDM), and an ‘agree-on-assumptions’ framework, centered around Stochastic Programming (SP). By comparing for the first time head-to-head the two distinct frameworks for an electricity supply planning problem under uncertainties in Bangladesh, we conclude that RDM relies on a large number of simulations to provide ample information to decision makers and stakeholders, and to facilitate updating of subjective inputs. In contrast, SP is a highly dimensional optimization problem that identifies plans with relatively good probability-weighted performance in a single step, but even with computational advances remains subject to the curse of dimensionality.","PeriodicalId":100639,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation","volume":"2 4","pages":"436-448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Strengthened Primal-Dual Decomposition Algorithm for Solving Electricity Market Pricing With Revenue-Adequacy and FFR Constraints","authors":"Hamed Goudarzi;Mohammad Reza Hesamzadeh;Derek Bunn;Mahmud Fotuhi-Firuzabad;Mohammad Shahidehpour","doi":"10.1109/TEMPR.2024.3363371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMPR.2024.3363371","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops a new decomposition algorithm for solving Electricity Market Pricing (EMP) problem, taking into account both revenue-adequacy and Fast Frequency Reserve (FFR) constraints. Due to revenue-adequacy constraint, a bilevel model of the EMP problem is introduced (BL-EMP). The upper level of the BL-EMP model represents the non-convex unit commitment (UC) decisions as well as the revenue-adequacy constraints of the market participants (generators, loads, and battery-storage owner). The lower level is a convex economic dispatch model with FFR constraint. To tackle the computational complexity of the considered BL-EMP model, this paper develops, tests, and proposes a Strengthened Primal-Dual Decomposition (SPDD) algorithm, which takes benefits from both Benders-like and Lagrange Dual-like algorithms. The new SPDD algorithm has a series of interesting computational properties, which are theoretically discussed in the paper. The SPDD algorithm has better computational performance than standard Benders decomposition algorithm and it also does not need tuning of the Big-M (or disjunctive) parameters for solving the proposed BL-EMP problem. Results from the modified IEEE 24-bus, the IEEE 118-bus, and the IEEE 300-bus system show the superiority of proposed SPDD algorithm over the classic Benders algorithm.","PeriodicalId":100639,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation","volume":"2 3","pages":"379-391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}