Hybrid Advances最新文献

{"title":"Theoretical and experimental investigation for enhanced thermo-mechanical and microstructural behavior of glass/carbon hybrids for automotive applications","authors":"David Olusola Fakorede ,&nbsp;Friday Odohi Ebit ,&nbsp;Adeniyi Emmanuel Daodu ,&nbsp;Ekanem Benedict Agbonko ,&nbsp;Kamaldeen Adekunle Bello ,&nbsp;Abideen Temitayo Oyewo","doi":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The optimal combination of Glass (G) and Carbon fibres (C) in epoxy composites remains challenging due to the complexities in determining the maximum mechanical, thermal, and microstructural properties. This study investigates the effects of hybrid reinforcement to enhance performance for advanced engineering applications. Hand lay-up lamination method was employed in which the reinforcement was constant at 40 wt% for all the composition. The study examined three key processing factors: (i) Reinforcement (R) with six variations of 0 wt%, 40 wt% G, 40 wt% C, 10G/30 wt% C, 10C/30 wt% G 20G/20 wt% C; (ii) Nature of Fibre (NF) in woven, unidirectional, and chopped forms; and (iii) Temperature (T) at 30 °C, 50 °C, and 70 °C. Using the Taguchi optimization method, L₁₈ experimental samples were prepared, with tensile strength selected as the response parameter. Validation tests including microstructural, thermal and mechanical tests were conducted on the best four samples from the optimization The experimental results identified sample R₅NF₂T₇₀ as having the highest tensile strength (160 MPa). This was corroborated by the Taguchi optimization, which also predicted R₅NF₂T₇₀ (10C/30G woven fibre cured at 70 °C) as the optimal combination. Reinforcement emerged as the most significant processing facto, followed by Nature of Fibre and Temperature. Further validation of the top four optimized samples (R₅NF₁T₅₀, R₆NF₁T₇₀, R₆NF₂T₃₀, and R₅NF₂T₇₀) revealed that while R₅NF₂T₇₀ exhibited superior tensile strength, thermal stability, hardness and flexural strength among the selected samples. Microstructural analysis of R₅NF₂T₇₀ indicated a well-integrated composite structure. The consistent identification of R₅NF₂T₇₀ as the best overall performing composite, considering its balance of properties, suggests its suitability for high-strength applications in various industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100614,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Advances","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100546"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of accelerated growth of Ce–ZnO NPs photocatalysts forged by laser decomposition technique; dual-functional for swift MO dye elimination","authors":"Awras H. Ajil ,&nbsp;F.K. Yam ,&nbsp;Naser M. Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study considered the manufacturing of undoped and cerium (Ce) doped ZnO NPs products using solution-based methods via continuous wave (CW) infrared (IRL) and blue (BL) lasers with wavelength and high power (10.6 μm 60 W) and (450 nm, 20 W), respectively. Characterization conducted through UV–VIS spectroscopy, FE-SEM with EDX, XRD, and ImageJ software by analysing FESEM image, confirmation the effective incorporation while doping of Rare earth-Ce into ZnO structure and 3D spherical nanoparticles formation. The photocatalytic efficiencies of the produced samples were evaluated through MO dye degradation, showing high degradation performance. The optimal and best results were 95 % degradation rate for 1 wt% Ce doped ZnO (IRL) under sunlight (outdoor) earlier than 70 min and 93 % for 1 wt% Ce doped ZnO (BL) under UV light (indoor) within 90 min. So far, the efficiency of photocatalytic systems is mainly reported as turnover frequencies TOF. The product samples exhibited dual-functionality ability as a photocatalyst under illuminated and adsorbent in dark conditions. As a comparison to conventional methods, laser decomposition solution-based techniques of cost-effectiveness, greater precision, and environmentally friendly, producing nanoparticles with lower energy consumption and without chemical additives. Overall, the photocatalysts that synthesised present and considered eco-friendly, simple, and efficient economical options for environmental remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100614,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Advances","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable protection for mild steel (S235): Anti-corrosion effectiveness of natural Paraberlinia bifoliolata barks extracts in HCl 1 M","authors":"Liliane Nga ,&nbsp;Benoit Ndiwe ,&nbsp;Jean Jalin Eyinga Biwolé ,&nbsp;Armand Zébazé Ndongmo ,&nbsp;Achille Desiré Omgba Béténé ,&nbsp;Yvan Sandy Nké Ayinda ,&nbsp;Joseph Zobo Mfomo ,&nbsp;Cesar Segovia ,&nbsp;Antonio Pizzi ,&nbsp;Achille Bernard Biwolé","doi":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzed tannin extract from the bark of the tropical tree <em>Paraberlinia bifoliolata</em> as an anticorrosion agent for S235 mild steel immersed in a 1 M hydrochloric acid solution. A factorial experimental strategy was designed to analyze the effect of three key variables: temperature, immersion time and inhibitor level. We varied the temperature at three levels: 298, 313 and 328 K, while immersion time was determined at 4, 14 and 24 h. We adjusted the inhibitor concentration to 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/L. Design Expert software was used for optimization and statistical analysis to discover the optimum conditions for corrosion prevention. Data revealed that corrosion inhibition reached its maximum efficacy of 75.2 % at a temperature of 298 K, after a 4 h immersion and with an inhibitor concentration of 1.5 g/L. The remarkable effectiveness of tannin extract was attributed to the creation of a monovalent protective barrier on the steel surface via a physical adsorption process. This adsorbed layer reduced the active sites accessible to corrosive agents while strongly limiting mass transfer at the metal-solution junction. In addition, Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis of the surface showed a significant reduction in surface porosity after application of the inhibitor. These observations support the idea of using tannin extract from <em>Paraberlinia bifoliolata</em> as an effective, environmentally-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100614,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Advances","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100526"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative and best practices in sustainable strategies for waste reduction in additive manufacturing","authors":"Kazeem Aderemi Bello,&nbsp;Rendani Wilson Maladzhi","doi":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing adoption of additive manufacturing (AM) to replace the traditional subtractive manufacturing process has gained traction owing to its numerous advantages. However, despite the transformative potential across industries, there has been a growing concern about the impact of the generation and management of the significant volume of waste during the AM process. This study aims to explore the innovative and best practices in sustainable waste reduction within AM. The study highlights key strategies such as design optimization and material selection, technology and process optimization, recycling and circular economy, on-demand production, and smart manufacturing to achieve sustainable waste reduction in AM processes. Additionally, the integration of recyclable materials and the application of advanced technologies like artificial intelligence, machine learning, digital twins, etc., are examined as pivotal tools in reducing waste while maintaining efficiency and functionality. By analyzing these strategies, the research underscores the critical role of sustainability in the evolution of AM. While providing a roadmap for aligning AM practices with global sustainability goals, the study highlights challenges and case studies of sustainable waste reduction strategies in AM. The study concludes that by embracing opportunities and best practices in sustainable waste reduction in AM, we can unlock the full potential of additive manufacturing as a driver for sustainability, ensuring that its benefits extend beyond the immediate sphere of production to contribute to global ecological goals. This transformative journey will undoubtedly redefine the landscape of modern manufacturing and lead us toward a sustainable and resource-efficient future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100614,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Advances","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined experimental and computational evaluation of Mentha pulegium L., for sustainable corrosion protection","authors":"Sara Rached ,&nbsp;Khaoula Mzioud ,&nbsp;Mohammed Er-rajy ,&nbsp;Amar Habsaoui ,&nbsp;Redouane Lachhab ,&nbsp;Belkheir Hammouti ,&nbsp;Mohamed Ebn Touhami","doi":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing eco-friendly alternatives to toxic synthetic corrosion inhibitors is crucial for advancing sustainable industrial practices. In this study, the crude hydromethanolic extract of <em>Mentha pulegium</em> L<em>.,</em> (EMMP) was evaluated as a green inhibitor for copper corrosion in 0.5 M H₂SO₄. GC-MS analysis revealed 29 compounds with glucose (33.74 %), mannose (16.40 %), and <span>d</span>-galactofuranose (15.91 %) as the predominant constituents, representing 66.05 % of the extract's composition. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that EMMP achieved a maximum inhibition efficiency of 96.5 % at 2.0 g/L, lowering the corrosion current density from 29.0μA/cm² to 1.0 μA/cm². EIS analysis confirmed the formation of a compact protective film, consistent with the adsorption study, while thermodynamic parameters (ΔG_ads) indicated that the adsorption process mainly physical. Temperature studies (298–328 K) further showed that the inhibitor maintained high efficiency (&gt;92 %), in agreement with adsorption isotherm analysis. In addition, SEM/EDX analysis provided direct morphological and elemental evidence of the protective layer formed on the copper surface. Complementary Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations of glucose, mannose, and <span>d</span>-galactofuranose supported the experimental findings by confirming their strong interfacial reactivity. This integrated experimental computational evaluation establishes EMMP as a highly effective, eco-friendly, and locally available copper corrosion inhibitor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100614,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Advances","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100551"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical characterization of carbon fiber composite materials with different reinforcement and thickness cured in autoclave","authors":"Lorenzo Canaroli ,&nbsp;Niccolò Baldi ,&nbsp;Francesco Del Pero ,&nbsp;Vincenzo La Battaglia ,&nbsp;Gabriele Arcidiacono ,&nbsp;Paolo Citti","doi":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study quantifies the influence of fiber architecture and laminate areal weight on the tensile response of autoclave-cured carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates. The materials used were high-strength unidirectional (UD) prepreg (150 g/m²) andtwo woven fabrics: plain (200 g/m²) and 2 × 2 twill (630 g/m²). All materials were co-cured at 130 °C and 6 bar. Tension tests were performed according to ISO 527-5 for UD and ISO 527-4 for woven laminates. Six samples were tested for each condition. Variability, normality andfailure modes were documented. The UD laminate achieved an ultimate strength of 4734 MPa, a modulus of 235 GPa anda strain at break of 2.01 %. The 630 g/m² twill achieved an ultimate strength of 856 MPa, a modulus of 41 GPa anda strain at break of 2.62 %. The 200 g/m² plain achieved an ultimate strength of 530 MPa, a modulus of 38 GPa anda strain at break of 1.31 %. Thus, 0° alignment dominates tensile performance. UD maximizes strength and stiffness, whereas 0/90 weaving trades strength and modulus for higher ductility. Among the fabrics, the heavier 2 × 2 twill outperforms the lighter plain. Unlike prior comparisons that confound resin systems or cure schedules, this work provides a homogeneous benchmark that links architecture and areal weight to strength, stiffness andfracture deformation. The results are statistically sound andthe failure modes are documented. These findings will guide the selection of unidirectional (UD) versus woven laminates for lightweight, tensile, load-bearing components in aerospace and automotive applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100614,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Advances","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100550"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental, mathematical modeling and simulation of corrosion inhibition of mild steel pickling bath","authors":"Khaoula Alaoui ,&nbsp;Moussa Ouakki ,&nbsp;Zakia Aribou ,&nbsp;Mohamed Rbaa ,&nbsp;Mohamed Ebn Touhami ,&nbsp;Younes El Kacimi","doi":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal corrosion inhibition performance depends imperatively on the controllable acid pickling bath process conditions such as temperature, immersion and corrosion inhibition addition which are called factors “X”. So, this work represents a significant contribution to the field of metal protection, especially in the context of corrosion inhibition. The combination of experimental methods and mathematical modeling enables a deeper understanding of inhibition mechanisms and optimization of process conditions. A combination of chemical and electrochemical techniques is used to evaluate the effectiveness of 1,2,4,5-tetraphenyl-1H-imidazole in acidic pickling bath mixture of 7 % HCl and 20 % H₂SO₄.</div><div>The experimental design is based on the Doehlert matrix, which enables efficient optimization of the process parameters. Mathematical modeling was used to simulate the behavior of the system, and the results showed a high correlation with the experimental data. Furthermore, we have also determined the optimal conditions using canonical analysis to ensure cost reduction by optimizing the time and resources deployed. Design of Experimental confirmation was assessed through weight loss measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization curves measurement. It is revealed that the 1,2,4,5-tetraphenyl-1H-imidazole compound are good corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acid pickling bath mixture which act as mixed-type inhibitors. The predicted inhibition efficiency (<em>Y</em>_cal%) compared to residual values shows and a quadratic model showing the relationship between inhibition efficiency and pickling bath process parameters was generated. Moreover, the low values of significance of regression coefficients indicate that the corresponding independent variable has a statistically significant relationship with the dependent variable so the fitted data obtained trails have nearly the same pattern as the experimental results and the optimum inhibition efficiency of 75.8 % is obtained for mild steel treatment at 318 K for 6 h in acid pickling bath containing 500 μM of 1,2,4,5-tetraphenyl-1H-imidazole <em>(IMH)</em> compound.</div><div>Finally, the work stands out for the integration of experimental and simulation approaches, which enables not only the validation of results but also the prediction of system behavior in different conditions. This approach is particularly useful for industrial applications, where process optimization is key to reducing costs and increasing efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100614,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Advances","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100544"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145009951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of multi-factor coupling on microbiologically induced corrosion of oil/gas pipeline steel: A review of mitigation strategies and challenges","authors":"Victor Malachy Udowo ,&nbsp;Maryann C. Ebeagwu ,&nbsp;Alexander I. Ikeuba ,&nbsp;Peter C. Okafor","doi":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>From subsea to under-ground pipeline steel, microbiologically induced corrosion (MIC) poses significant threats, undermining material integrity and engineering efforts aimed at curbing the menace. Although many sophisticated alloys have been developed to resist MIC, research shows that the finished steel pipes are still prone to degradation on the long run as corrosive species still evade recalcitrant surface films to facilitate corrosion. Furthermore, certain environmental, structural, and operational conditions have been found to couple with microbial activities to worsen MIC steel pipes. This review is uniquely aimed at unraveling the interplay between these factors and microbial activities, highlighting how they undermine MIC mitigation strategies in steel pipes. Among such factors are dynamic environmental chemistries, coating/insulation disbondment and failure, and scale/deposit accumulation in steel pipes, and so on. Whereas degradable carbon sources from agricultural and industrial activities provide alternate nutrients boosting microbial cell metabolism and proliferation, local environments under failed coatings and sediments form galvanic micro-cells, thus exacerbating MIC in steel pipes. Furthermore, the synergistic effects between hydrogen permeation, cathodic overprotection, and stray AC current on MIC of steel pipes are also discussed. Finally, future outlook on research direction and engineering priorities for industry adoption in MIC management is proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100614,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Advances","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100566"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable geopolymer concrete evaluation using machine learning and PDP analysis: Comparative insights into strength prediction","authors":"Prashant G. Sawarkar ,&nbsp;Amol Pote ,&nbsp;Mohammad Amir Khan ,&nbsp;Mukhtar Hamid Abed ,&nbsp;Ahmed Adnan Hadi ,&nbsp;Aseel Smerat ,&nbsp;Mohammad Khishe","doi":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The imperative to mitigate the carbon emissions associated with cement production has accelerated the development of geopolymer concrete (GPC) as a sustainable alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). This study benchmarks widely used machine learning models (DT, RF, ANN, and LR) for predicting the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete (GPC) and integrates Partial Dependence Plot (PDP) analysis to connect predictions with binder chemistry and curing dynamics. A dataset comprising 400 experimental samples was compiled, incorporating six critical variables: coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), sodium silicate, superplasticizer, and curing temperature. Four ML algorithms Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Linear Regression (LR) were systematically evaluated. The models were trained and tested on 70/30 ratio, with performance assessed using the coefficient of determination (R²), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The results indicated that DT outperformed all models, achieving R² = 0.97 (training) and 0.94 (testing) with minimal errors (RMSE = 1.85–2.45 MPa, MAE = 1.20–1.70 MPa, MAPE = 0.058–0.118). RF also demonstrated high reliability, R² = 0.94, whereas ANN exhibited moderate predictive capacity (R² = 0.91-0.89) but was prone to overfitting. LR consistently underperformed (R² = 0.88-0.85), reflecting its limitations in capturing the nonlinearities. Partial Dependence Plot (PDP) analysis confirmed that GGBS (Δ = 55 MPa) and curing temperature (Δ = 23 MPa) were the most influential factors, followed by sodium silicate and superplasticizer, whereas excess aggregates reduced CS. This study highlights the practical advantages of tree-based models in AI-driven mix optimization which provides an interpretable and robust framework for sustainable GPC design, thereby promoting the adoption of low-carbon binders in structural applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100614,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Advances","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100569"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring the synthesis, structural, thermal, magnetic and morphological properties of Cu0.9Cr0.1Fe2-xCoxO4 (x = 0.1–0.2) spinel ferrites by the substitution of cobalt ions using sol-gel method","authors":"Yusuf Sani ,&nbsp;Raba'ah Syahidah Azis ,&nbsp;Ismayadi Ismail ,&nbsp;Yazid Yaakob","doi":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study effectively modifies the structural, thermal, magnetic, and morphological characteristics of Cu_0.9Cr_0.1Fe_2-xCo_xO₄ (x = 0.1–0.2) nano-structured spinel ferrites by substituting Co²⁺ ions. The materials were synthesized using the sol-gel auto-combustion process, and they were characterized using XRD, TGA-DTA, RAMAN, FTIR, VSM, FESEM, and HRTEM investigations. The existence of a single-phase spinel nanostructure devoid of secondary phases was verified by the XRD data. The impact of Co²⁺ ions on crystallite size, grain size, and lattice constant was analyzed, revealing that the lattice constant increased with a Co²⁺ ion concentration of x = 0.2. FTIR results showed two absorption bands at V_I = 1641 cm⁻¹ and V₂ = 3413 cm⁻¹, corresponding to ions moving from tetrahedral to octahedral sites in the spinel structure. VSM analysis revealed the soft magnetic behavior of all samples, with Co²⁺ substitution, the coercivity shows a rising trend <strong>by 2.25</strong> <span><math><mrow><mo>%</mo></mrow></math></span>, which is associated with the significant magnetic anisotropy feature of Co²⁺ species in B sites. At room temperature, cobalt improves the material's ferromagnetic properties, as seen by the 4.6 % improvement in saturation magnetization. These benefits may spark a lot of interest in using this ferrite in loudspeakers, sensors, memory, high-density data storage devices and high-density magnetic recording, among other applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100614,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Advances","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100568"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}