{"title":"Thermodynamic design data for absorption heat pump systems operating on water-carrol. Part III: Simultaneous cooling and heating","authors":"R. Best, W. Rivera, A. Oskam","doi":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90053-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0890-4332(95)90053-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Gibbs phase rule and thermodynamic properties of the working pair limit the choice of operating temperatures. For any combination of temperatures, the concentrations in the absorber and the generator and hence the flow ratios are fixed. For any particular working pair, the coefficient of performance is related to the flow ratio.</p><p>Tables of possible combinations of operating temperatures and concentrations, including flow ratics, Carnot coefficients of performance and enthalpy based coefficients of performance have been presented for water-carrol (lithium bromide-ethylene glycol, ratio 4.5) absorption systems for simultaneous cooling and heating. The interactions of operating temperatures have been illustrated graphically.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100603,"journal":{"name":"Heat Recovery Systems and CHP","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 445-456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0890-4332(95)90053-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92008290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Software survey section","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90060-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0890-4332(95)90060-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100603,"journal":{"name":"Heat Recovery Systems and CHP","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages I-II"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0890-4332(95)90060-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92078540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A.R. Lukitobudi , A. Akbarzadeh, P.W. Johnson , P. Hendy
{"title":"Design, construction and testing of a thermosyphon heat exchanger for medium temperature heat recovery in bakeries","authors":"A.R. Lukitobudi , A. Akbarzadeh, P.W. Johnson , P. Hendy","doi":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90057-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90057-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using water as the working fluid, air-to-air heat exchangers using thermosyphon heat pipes were designed, constructed and tested under medium temperature (below 300°C) operating conditions. A heat exchanger test rig has been constructed and developed wherein the heated air is recycled to the counterflow heat exchanger. The lengths of both the evaporator section and the condenser section of the heat exchangers were 300 mm and the central adiabatic section was 150 mm. The heat exchangers which were tested used (1) continuous plate finned copper tubes, (2) circular, spirally-finned steel tubes and (3) bare copper tubes for their respective heat pipes. The working fluid was water with a fill ratio of 60% of the evaporator section length. The air face velocity range was from 1.5 to 5 m/s and the heat input into the evaporator section inlet was varied between 4 and 20 kW using electric heating elements. The heat exchangers showed high effectiveness compared with similar heat exchangers using other working fluids, such as Freon 22 (R22). The rectangular plate finned copper thermosyphon heat exchanger had the best performance but there was a limitation on testing this configuration that the adiabatic section temperature operating condition did not exceed 200°C, in order not to exceed the safe working pressure. A steel pipe heat exchanger will be used in the industrial application to which the project is directed.</p><p>This heat exchanger has been designed, manufactured and tested for heat recovery in industry with medium temperatures (lower than 300°C), for example in bakeries to recover flue gas energy from the oven to heat up the proofing oven or other low temperature heating functions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100603,"journal":{"name":"Heat Recovery Systems and CHP","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 481-491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0890-4332(95)90057-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75611318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermodynamic design data for absorption heat pump systems operating on water-carrol. Part I: Cooling","authors":"R. Best, W. Rivera, A. Oskam","doi":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90051-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0890-4332(95)90051-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Gibbs phase rule and thermodynamic properties of the working pair limit the choice of operating temperatures. For any combination of temperatures, the concentrations in the absorber and the generator and hence the flow ratios are fixed. For any particular working pair, the coefficient of performance is related to the flow ratio.</p><p>Tables of possible combinations of operating temperatures and concentrations, including flow ratios, Carnot coefficients of performance and enthalpy based coefficients of performance have been presented for water-carrol (lithium bromide-ethylene glycol, ratio 4.5) absorption systems for cooling. The interaction of operating temperatures have been illustrated graphically.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100603,"journal":{"name":"Heat Recovery Systems and CHP","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 425-434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0890-4332(95)90051-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92078538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J.C. Ho, N.E. Wijeysundera, S. Rajasekar, T.T. Chandratilleke
{"title":"Performance of a compact, spiral coil heat exchanger","authors":"J.C. Ho, N.E. Wijeysundera, S. Rajasekar, T.T. Chandratilleke","doi":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90054-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90054-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A spiral coil heat exchanger consists of a number of horizontal layers of spirally wound, finned tubes connected to vertical manifolds at the inner and outermost turns of each coil. This design has advantages in heat recovery and air-conditioning applications. Two theoretical models to predict the performance of this compact heat exchanger are presented based upon unmixed and mixed air-flow considerations. Results of experimental studies on a laboratory model of the spiral coil heat exchanger agree well with the predicted performance of the theoretical models. Charts of effectiveness vs <em>NTU</em> suitable for design are presented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100603,"journal":{"name":"Heat Recovery Systems and CHP","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 457-468"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0890-4332(95)90054-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78353042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An investigation of the factors that determine the attractiveness of cogeneration","authors":"J.E.A. Roy-Aikins","doi":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90056-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90056-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The attractiveness of a cogeneration proposal is determined by a number of factors, some of which may be site specific. The cost of the electricity generated by the plant is a strong indication of the economic viability of the proposal and the level of this cost is set by the minimum attractive rate of return expected by the owner, although other factors, such as the utilisation factor of the plant and the effectiveness with which the by-product of the plant is used, cause slight variations in electricity cost. The paper concludes that with a proper sizing of a cogeneration plant and with a good electric/thermal load match it is possible for a project to be economically viable, even when the proposal demands a high rate of return on the investment. The analysis takes as an example a case study in Kenya.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100603,"journal":{"name":"Heat Recovery Systems and CHP","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 473-480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0890-4332(95)90056-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72551641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermodynamic design data for absorption heat pump systems operating on water-carrol. Part II: Heating","authors":"R. Best, W. Rivera, A. Oskam","doi":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90052-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90052-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Gibbs phase rule and thermodynamic properties of the working pair limit the choice of operating temperatures. For any combination of temperatures, the concentrations in the absorber and the generator and hence the flow ratios are fixed. For any particular working pair, the coefficient of performance is related to the flow ratio.</p><p>Tables of possible combinations of operating temperatures and concentrations, including flow ratios, Carnot coefficients of performance and enthalpy based coefficients of performance have been presented for water-carrol (lithium bromide-ethylene glycol) absorption systems for heating. The interactions of operating temperatures have been illustrated graphically.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100603,"journal":{"name":"Heat Recovery Systems and CHP","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 435-444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0890-4332(95)90052-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82103494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does postponed retrofitting save money?","authors":"Stig-Inge Gustafsson","doi":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90055-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90055-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>When a building is to be retrofitted, or refurbished, it is always of importance to study the building as a complete energy system. At least in Sweden, the building process is divided between different professional categories, such as HVAC and ordinary building contractors. It is therefore not surprising that the HVAC contractor wants to maximise his profit by installing large and sophisticated equipment at the same time as the builder or architect wants to design a house with very thick walls and high performing windows. These competing interests will often result in a building where the heating system is not adjusted to the rest of the house, but is instead far too powerful. The recommendation from life-cycle cost analyses has therefore always been to study the building as a whole system and to apply an optimal solution at one specific base year; this is probably always the best solution in order to minimise the life cycle cost, but experience shows that the proprietor of the building often hesitates in doing so. The reason for this is his lack of money. Changing the building into an optimal energy system frequently requires a heavy investment in any one specific year, albeit the best solution in the long run. This paper will discuss what happens to the life-cycle cost when retrofits are postponed so as to fit into the proprietor's “10 yr budget”.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100603,"journal":{"name":"Heat Recovery Systems and CHP","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 469-472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0890-4332(95)90055-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88959163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fuel cost charged to desalters in co-generation power-desalting plants","authors":"M.A. Darwish","doi":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90005-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90005-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In combined power-desalting (plants, high available steam (at high pressure temperature) is expanded first in a steam turbine (and thus produces work) before its extraction (from the turbine) as a heat source to the desalters. The amount of energy consumption charged to the predominantly used multi-stage flash (MSF) desalter in this combined heat and power plant is a question of great concern in the Gulf area. The following are among the methods used to answer this questions (i) the available energy of the heat supplied to the desalter; (ii) work loss from the lower pressure stages of the steam turbine due to steam extracted to the desalter; (iii) energy charged if a separate boiler was used to supply the desalter with its required heat; and (iv) the excess energy supplied to the combined power desalting plant as compared to a single purpose power plant producing the same power output. There would be a different rating method of the power producing process associated with any of the above mentioned charging methods. In this paper, the MSF desalting method and its power consumption are outlined, together with the rating method of the power-desalting plants and the energy charged to the desalter methods. These rating methods are applied to real cases of dual purpose plants working in Kuwait.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100603,"journal":{"name":"Heat Recovery Systems and CHP","volume":"15 4","pages":"Pages 357-368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0890-4332(95)90005-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86638000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal conductivity of wet composite porous media","authors":"M.K. Sarwar, P. Majumdar","doi":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90006-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90006-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A model for the thermal conductivity of two-phase composite porous media, such as adsorbing desiccant bed with inert material, is presented. The unit cell model is extended to account for the inert materials and moisture sorbed in pores; and the effect of porosity, water content and presence of inert material is determined. The prediction of the effective thermal conductivity from this proposed model is compared with that given by other available models and experimental data and the proposed model is used to investigate the effect of porosity, water content and presence of inert material.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100603,"journal":{"name":"Heat Recovery Systems and CHP","volume":"15 4","pages":"Pages 369-381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0890-4332(95)90006-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82588788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}