Green Technologies and Sustainability最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing combustion and emission characteristics of CI engines through atomization and fuel–air mixing using non-circular orifices: A path towards sustainable biodiesel utilization","authors":"Mukesh Yadav ,&nbsp;Ashok Kumar Yadav ,&nbsp;Aqueel Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2024.100161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2024.100161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental concerns, energy security and requirements motivate the researcher to consider biodiesel as a renewable and sustainable substitute for compression ignition (CI) engines in comparison to commercial diesel. Fuel modification and spray process are important parameters for engine combustion, performance and emissions of CI engines. The fundamental physics of spray atomization processes from various injectors, emphasizing recent research findings. Biodiesel sprays demonstrate faster penetration with a narrower spray plume angle and larger droplet sizes when compared to diesel. The build-up of a fuel-rich mixture in the combustion chamber can lead to reduced performance and increased emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), particulate matter (PM), and nitrogen oxide (NOx). Moreover, the use of alternative fuels, such as biodiesel based on vegetable oils, animal fats and algae, often falls short of meeting desired performance standards due to their lower heating (calorific) value and high rheological properties such as viscosity, density and surface tension. This can result in poor atomization, uneven fuel–air mixture and alter spray penetration leading to incomplete combustion. Therefore, researchers are looking for techniques and modifications that can enhance the spray characteristics and atomization of fuel. This article evaluates the impact of non-circular orifices on atomization and fuel–air mixing and how they affect the performance and emissions of CI engines. The study analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of injection parameters and fuel modification, considering their respective effects on performance and emissions. This research found that non-circular orifices, especially elliptical orifices, showed superior atomization and fuel–air mixing compared to circular orifices. Furthermore, the simultaneous implementation of non-circular orifices and fuel modification techniques exhibited the potential for enhancing thermal efficiency and decreasing emissions in CI engines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bibliometric analysis of carbon and water footprints in renewable energy: The post-COVID-19 landscape","authors":"Khashayar Fardnia,&nbsp;Hossein Yousefi,&nbsp;Mahmood Abdoos","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2024.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2024.100162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recent energy crisis in Europe has underscored the urgent need for renewable energy sources to meet growing energy demands and mitigate environmental impacts. This study investigates the Carbon Footprint (CF) and Water Footprint (WF) associated with renewable energies, considering the effects of COVID-19. Data was sourced from Scopus documents published after 2019, using keywords such as “carbon footprint ”, “water footprint ”, “renewable energies” and “COVID-19.”</div><div>Recent research increasingly focuses on the interplay between energy, environment, and water. Using data extracted from the Scopus database on countries, keywords, highly cited publications, and trending research topics, the bibliometric software VOS viewer has been employed to evaluate bibliographic entries. The findings reveal that the United States leads in the volume of publications within this field, with significant research also originating from China, the United Kingdom, and European Union countries. Among the 1834 articles analyzed, keywords associated with environmental impact, climate change, sustainable development, and fossil fuels were frequently linked to our search terms.</div><div>This paper synthesizes literature on the correlation between CF and WF, identifies prevalent themes, and outlines potential directions for future research in this domain. The study addresses the urgent need for sustainable energy solutions amidst the ongoing energy crisis in Europe. The goals are to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impacts of renewable energy specially the environmental impacts, while highlighting the most researched areas and emerging trends in the field, and identify potential gaps in the existing literature to suggest areas for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management strategies and recycling technologies: Lessons learned and roadmap for sustainable circular battery waste management in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Md Tasbirul Islam ,&nbsp;Amjad Ali ,&nbsp;Sikandar Abdul Qadir ,&nbsp;Muhammad Shahid","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2024.100160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2024.100160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Waste battery generation is a global challenge, particularly in the absence of a structured policy and regulatory framework. However, this waste stream presents a significant opportunity to recover critical metals that are limited in supply worldwide, such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, graphite, and manganese. This study provides the first academic assessment of waste battery generation, policy initiatives, and management practices in Saudi Arabia. Currently, there is no concrete policy framework or systematic assessment addressing waste battery management in the country, which poses significant challenges for implementing sustainable solutions. This study aims to guide policymakers, government organizations, businesses, and academic researchers by offering management strategies and technology options tailored to the Saudi context. It begins by assessing the current state of waste battery generation, policy initiatives, and management practices, identifying critical bottlenecks in the existing system. The study then conducts an in-depth evaluation of best-practice policies and management strategies, such as the EU Battery Regulation, case studies (e.g., INOBAT, Switzerland; BEBAT, Belgium), and the technologies employed by 49 global commercial recycling companies, including pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. Based on these insights, the study proposes a roadmap for waste battery management in Saudi Arabia. Additionally, several future research directions are suggested to foster interdisciplinary collaboration, offering valuable guidance to academic researchers. Policymakers, businesses, and stakeholders can utilize these findings to develop sustainable and efficient waste battery management and recycling strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renewable portfolio standards, energy efficiency and air quality in an energy transitioning economy: The case of Iowa","authors":"Akinwale Omowumi Ishola","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2024.100159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2024.100159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the short-run and long-term relationship between solar energy consumption, energy efficiency, economic growth, human capital, and carbon emissions from fossil fuel sources in Iowa, as the state transitions to a low-carbon economy. Employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model along with Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Canonical Cointegration Regression (CCR) for robustness checks, the analysis provides important findings. The results show that increased solar energy consumption, used as a proxy for Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS), significantly cuts carbon emissions, consistent with the Porter Hypothesis, which contends that​ environmental regulations can foster innovation and economic competitiveness. Furthermore, improvements in energy efficiency also contribute to lower carbon emissions, supporting the Energy Ladder Hypothesis which posits a climb to less polluting energy alternatives as an economy transitions. However, the effects of economic growth and human capital on carbon emissions are mixed, highlighting the complex dynamics between economic development and environmental sustainability. This study stresses the critical role of integrating renewable energy policies with broader economic strategies to attain sustainable​ environmental outcomes in Iowa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encouraging Safety 4.0 to enhance industrial culture: An extensive study of its technologies, roles, and challenges","authors":"Abid Haleem ,&nbsp;Mohd Javaid ,&nbsp;Ravi Pratap Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2024.100158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2024.100158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This decade, workplace safety has emerged as a priority area for research and development. In the evolving global landscape, businesses are trying to establish a secure work environment to enhance employee morale, reduce absenteeism, improve productivity and stimulate innovation and progress. This can be accomplished by adopting Safety 4.0, incorporating advanced digital technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), robotics, blockchain, virtual reality, the Internet of Things (IoT), and more. These technologies significantly enhance manufacturing productivity, industrial growth, and workplace safety. The implementation of Safety 4.0 is poised to improve worker safety and reduce workplace accidents. However, one of the critical issues facing industries implementing Safety 4.0 is the integration of advanced technologies like IoT, AI, and robotics into the existing safety systems while maintaining cybersecurity. Global industrial businesses have taken proactive measures to integrate workplace safety into their organisational culture across various sectors, such as manufacturing, utilities, and the resources industry. Employees actively contribute to creating and maintaining a safe work environment. This study extensively reviewed safety 4.0 and its associated technologies by exploring relevant literature from platforms such as Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. This paper examines the critical technologies of Safety 4.0, discusses their features, and identifies potential and significant roles in manufacturing and sustainability. Safety 4.0 is a comprehensive platform with user-friendly interfaces, enabling thorough safety management. Safety 4.0 offers integrated monitoring, reporting, and signal identification features, facilitating streamlined case management and producing verified outputs for prompt and periodic reports. These technologies can proactively identify and forecast potential safety hazards, such as machine malfunctions before scheduled maintenance or the accumulation of materials leading to operational disruptions. Wearables and other Safety 4.0 technologies can also alert staff to potential safety risks, such as overexertion or approaching hazardous work areas. Managing data-driven safety measures and training employees to use these technologies efficiently can be challenging. This study-based article emphasises real-time, proactive solutions and the revolutionary influence of Safety 4.0 technologies on industrial safety. Safety 4.0 combines real-world applications with insightful analysis of current issues and potential future developments for safer, more intelligent workplaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving areas with a circular economy approach for plastic from the target environment. A case study","authors":"Marius Köder ,&nbsp;Pedro Fuentes-Durá Dr. ,&nbsp;Fernando Casado Bonet","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2024.100157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2024.100157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmentally friendly upgrading of urban areas can enhance human living in cities all around the world. Circular economy is a game-changer in almost all economies. Looking into plastics and the broad usage of different kinds of plastics in daily living, especially this resource provides a high potential to implement resource-saving approaches like circular economy, cleaner production, sustainable materials and recycling. Taking the public part of the port of Valencia in Spain as an example, this work discusses the added value of the re-usage of bottle caps and fishing nets found in this area to create plastic slaps as a raw material to build up products for public usage in the port of Valencia. The overall objective of the work is to create a modern and convenient product designed from recycled plastics in the marina area of Valencia. Goal is to take the peoples opinion into account be designing the product for public usage and show off the impact factors and different stakeholders who can have an influence on product development when operating in the field of circular economy. Creating something new from the old requires taking into account various parameters. Value chain, production, energy consumption, logistics and availability of materials are contrasted by the social and environmental added value, sustainable designs, safety and benefits in cleaner waste systems. The versatility of parameters and influencing factors in circular economy yields into multiple solutions. A survey, dialogues with the local administration and discussions with the production company as well as prototyping products in the workshop are part of the approach. Three final products were developed enhancing the urban surroundings of the showcase area. These products were evaluated considering the identified key indicators for suitable and sustainable products as outcome of the circular economy approach. Suitable products for a target environment hinge on a variety of different aspects identified in this study. A universally applicable approach depends on the marginal conditions of the target area where circular economy takes place. An example for the port of Valencia is provided with this work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on future 6G green wireless networks","authors":"Lanlan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2024.100156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2024.100156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 6G technology is expected to revolutionize wireless networks by enabling intelligent connectivity of all devices. The concept of a 6G green network aims for ubiquity, intelligence, simplicity, environmental friendliness, and carbon reduction. This paper delves into the essential energy-saving technologies for 6G radio access networks within an energy-efficient framework and proposes a multi-tiered cloud-enabled endogenous intelligent architecture for 6G wireless networks. It provides a design case for an intelligent endogenous wireless network architecture in the context of 6G. Building upon this intelligent network architecture, the paper introduces novel ideas for protocol stack design and multi-rate signaling transmission semantic transmission model. Furthermore, it analyzes the relationship between AI model deployment and energy efficiency while presenting an example of hierarchical deployment of federated learning models. The paper suggests deploying a hierarchical federated learning model within the network architecture to enhance energy efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, characterization and mechanical properties evaluation of muntingia calabura fibre reinforced epoxy composites: Fibre treatment comparison with NaOH and KOH","authors":"D. Mohana Krishnudu ,&nbsp;P. Venkateshwar Reddy ,&nbsp;R.V. Saikumar Reddy ,&nbsp;R. Meenakshi Reddy","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2024.100155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2024.100155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerous studies demonstrate that the alteration in the fibre surface caused by the alkali treatment enhances the mechanical capabilities. Muntingia calabura is the novel fibre was used in the present study. The present work illustrates the mechanical and characterization of NaOH and KOH treated muntingia calabura fibre reinforced epoxy composites. Muntingia calabura fibre is extracted from the bark of muntingia calabura plant. The collected fibres are treated with 10% alkali solution and then fibre–epoxy composites are fabricated with different fibre loadings, evaluated the mechanical properties of the Muntingia calabura fibre–epoxy composites. The interfacial bonding between the Muntingia calabura fibre and epoxy (LY-5052) observed with the morphological study. Using thermo gravimetric and infrared spectroscopy, the degradation behaviour and thermal stability of the Muntingia calabura fibre composites and the functional chemicals included in them are investigated respectively. The composites exhibit maximum tensile and flexural strengths of 84 MPa and 185 MPa, respectively, at 20 weight percent of the fibre content treated with NaOH. At 15 weight percent of the fibre content treated with NaOH, the composites have a maximum impact strength of 19.5 J/m². It was found that the thermal stability of fibre composites treated with KOH and NaOH ranged from 250 to 400 degrees Celsius.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of a cyclone combustor in a flameless combustion using producer gas","authors":"Ibrahim Rasaq ,&nbsp;K.A. Al-Attab ,&nbsp;Ibrahim I. Enagi ,&nbsp;M. Yusof Idroas ,&nbsp;Abdul Rahman Mohamed","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2024.100154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2024.100154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flameless combustion of producer gas offers significant environmental and efficiency advantages, but its implementation requires careful optimization of both the combustor design and operating conditions. This article is aimed to design a combustion chamber utilizing producer gas for achieving flameless combustion using SOLID-WORKS, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ANSYS-FLUENT simulation and Design of Experiment (DOE) from Minitab software. The design varied inlet nozzle diameters from 20 to 50 mm and combustor heights from 500 to 800 mm. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations is utilized to explore the impact of altering chamber height and inlet diameter in order to achieve efficiency in flameless combustion. The producer gas composition and simulation parameters were based on prior studies. The evaluation is focused on CO, NOx emissions and the Damköhler number, and using Design of Experiment (DOE) methodology for optimization. Results showed that chamber height and inlet diameter had limited effects on combustion and CO emission. Therefore, increasing chamber height raised NOx emissions due to prolonged fuel exposure to high temperatures, while varying inlet nozzle diameter has no effect on Damköhler number, but chamber’s height does. Finally, Minitab optimization suggested a chamber with 30 mm inlet nozzle diameter and 600 mm height for desirable flameless combustion, and operating on an equivalence ratio of <span><math><mrow><mi>φ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow></math></span> which resulted in the lowest CO and NOx emissions, with values of 71.5 ppm and 5.05 ppm, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomaterials for energy storage: Synthesis, properties, and performance","authors":"Md. Shakil Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Md. Shah Oliullah ,&nbsp;Rifah Tasnim Islam ,&nbsp;Md Abu Hurayra ,&nbsp;Md. Zobair Al Mahmud ,&nbsp;Nazmul Hasan ,&nbsp;Md Khaledur Rahman ,&nbsp;Md Saiful Islam ,&nbsp;Julhas Khan ,&nbsp;Nayem Hossain","doi":"10.1016/j.grets.2024.100152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.grets.2024.100152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The performance, synthesis, and characteristics of bio-based systems are the main topics of this study, which investigates the possibilities of biomaterials as energy storage devices. Biomaterials like chitin, chitosan, and other biopolymers have demonstrated promise as next-generation energy storage technologies, particularly as the world’s need for sustainable energy solutions continues to rise. In batteries and supercapacitors, they are appealing substitute for conventional materials due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and minimal environmental effect. The review highlights advances in biomaterial-based energy storage technologies, including improvements in conductivity, structural stability, and scalability. By integrating biomaterials into energy storage, researchers aim to create environmentally friendly systems with high performance and longevity. This review attempts to provide a thorough understanding of biomaterials’ potential in enhancing energy storage technologies toward a more sustainable future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100598,"journal":{"name":"Green Technologies and Sustainability","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}