Green Carbon最新文献

{"title":"Towards greener polymers: Trends in the German chemical industry","authors":"Adam W. Franz ,&nbsp;Stefan Buchholz ,&nbsp;Rolf W. Albach ,&nbsp;Rolf Schmid","doi":"10.1016/j.greenca.2024.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greenca.2024.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Global plastics production is expected to exceed 400 million tons and reach 600 million tons by 2060. Their synthesis currently accounts for approximately 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Approximately 60% of all polymers are produced for single-use. Examples include shopping bags, packaging materials, mulch films, and soluble polymers for cosmetics and other purposes. Currently, only a portion of single-use plastic is recycled or disposed of in incinerators or landfills. An estimated 20% is not disposed of properly and pollutes the global environment, especially the oceans. In response to these challenges, the United Nations, European Union, and many nation-states are developing regulatory frameworks that encourage the chemical industry to produce plastics with a smaller environmental footprint and often support this through research funding. Possible solutions include: (1) the use of green energy, green hydrogen, bio-based feedstocks, or CO₂ in synthesis; (2) the reuse or recycling of plastics through conversion or pyrolysis; and (3) the production of biodegradable polymers. The German chemical industry contributes approximately one-third of polymer production in the EU. It is embedded in the EU regulatory and research landscape and anchored in the European Green Deal, which aims for carbon neutrality by 2050. In this paper, we describe how BASF and Evonik, two leading German chemical companies with strong but different polymer portfolios, respond to the call for greener polymers and how technologies are being developed to make polyurethanes, a particularly important and difficult-to-recycle family of elastomers and duromers, renewable and circular. Reducing the environmental footprint of plastics requires not only innovative materials but also proper governance, regulatory and collection systems, and public willingness to cooperate. In an international comparison of these competencies, expressed by the \"polymer management index\" (PMI), Germany achieved a top position.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100595,"journal":{"name":"Green Carbon","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 33-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950155524000132/pdfft?md5=48fb4c59f99f1c4baaedeee05cb5fe22&pid=1-s2.0-S2950155524000132-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140276595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zeolites for the environment","authors":"Qiaolin Lang ,&nbsp;Peng Lu ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Yang ,&nbsp;Valentin Valtchev","doi":"10.1016/j.greenca.2024.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greenca.2024.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Zeolites are characterized by their microporous, crystalline structures with a four-connected framework with variable compositions, predominantly aluminosilicates. They are extensively utilized as adsorbents, catalysts, and ion exchangers across domestic and industrial sectors. With the ongoing energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable sources and the pursuit of environmentally sustainable development, zeolites are increasingly being explored beyond their traditional application fields. They are investigated for their adsorption and catalytic capabilities in the protection and restoration of air, water, and soil quality, as well as in the environmentally friendly “green” production of chemicals. This review article details these novel and potential applications of zeolites, emphasizing the unique properties that render them suitable for each specific use case and discussing how these properties can be fine-tuned through material selection or tailored synthesis methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100595,"journal":{"name":"Green Carbon","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 12-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950155524000181/pdfft?md5=153c2a30f25f82cee85d5bdd529b5bcc&pid=1-s2.0-S2950155524000181-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140282976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple routes toward engineering efficient cyanobacterial photosynthetic biomanufacturing technologies","authors":"Jinyu Cui ,&nbsp;Huili Sun ,&nbsp;Rongze Chen ,&nbsp;Jiahui Sun ,&nbsp;Guanlan Mo ,&nbsp;Guodong Luan ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.greenca.2023.11.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.greenca.2023.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Developing efficient CO₂ utilization technologies can alleviate the urgent pressure on energy and the environment. Moreover, these technologies are crucial for achieving the goal of net zero emissions. Microalgae are photoautotrophic microorganisms that are the main sources of primary productivity in the biosphere. Cyanobacteria, the only prokaryotic microalgae, have also been considered as promising chassis for photosynthetic biosynthesis, directly converting solar energy and CO₂ into various bio-based products. This technological route is called photosynthetic biomanufacturing, and is advantageous to simultaneous carbon fixation and clean production. This review focuses on development mode, application and suggests trends related to the further development of photosynthetic biomanufacturing. With regard to the link between photosynthetic CO₂ fixation and the production of desired metabolites, we summarized and compared three widely adopted strategies. “Screening to find”, screening a large number of high-quality cyanobacterial resources and analyzing their intracellular metabolites are of significance for screening novel cyanobacterial species with high-value chemicals and properties of industrial relevance. “Engineering to modify”, the emergence and application of synthetic biological tools and metabolic engineering strategies have enhanced the ability to modify different cyanobacterial species to reshape more carbon to flow toward synthetic tailored chemicals. “Stressing to activate”, through special culture conditions and strategies, combined with omics analysis techniques, silent metabolic pathways and functional modules are activated to induce the accumulation of high-value chemicals. This review provides valid and updated information to facilitate the development of photosynthetic biosynthesis route with carbon fixation and clean production, providing specific feasible solutions for net zero emissions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100595,"journal":{"name":"Green Carbon","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 210-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950155523000290/pdfft?md5=f4fcd96b724553408fbd5c16e48e1f93&pid=1-s2.0-S2950155523000290-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139050154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NiCu-based catalysts for the low-temperature hydrodeoxygenation of anisole: Effect of the metal ratio on SiO2 and γ-Al2O3 supports","authors":"Tom Vandevyvere ,&nbsp;Maarten K. Sabbe ,&nbsp;Pedro S.F. Mendes ,&nbsp;Joris W. Thybaut ,&nbsp;Jeroen Lauwaert","doi":"10.1016/j.greenca.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greenca.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effects of the metal ratio of NiCu catalysts on the low-temperature hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of anisole were assessed on a neutral SiO₂ and an acidic γ-Al₂O₃ support. The activity of SiO₂-supported catalysts increases with the Ni content in the NiCu phase, related to Ni’s hydrogenation capacity. In contrast, on a γ-Al₂O₃ support, the activity decreases with the Ni content. Overall, Al₂O₃-supported catalysts, exhibiting a smaller NiCu alloy particle size, are more active than SiO₂-supported ones. In terms of selectivity, SiO₂-supported catalysts mainly hydrogenate anisole to methoxycyclohexane, while, particularly at higher conversions, γ-Al₂O₃-supported catalysts are able to further convert methoxycyclohexane to cyclohexane, demonstrating the importance of acid sites for low-temperature HDO. The Ni/Cu ratio also steers the selectivity, but not the catalyst stability. Deactivation phenomena are only support dependent: while on SiO₂-supported catalysts, active site sintering occurs, attributed to weak stabilization of metal particles by the support, acid catalyzed coking is the main cause of deactivation on the γ-Al₂O₃-supported catalysts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100595,"journal":{"name":"Green Carbon","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 170-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950155523000204/pdfft?md5=6a7bb12a71ab448225e06d085f677ca5&pid=1-s2.0-S2950155523000204-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135761235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zeolitic germanosilicate analogue to pharmacosiderite crystallized in an acidic medium","authors":"Guangying Fu ,&nbsp;Qiaolin Lang ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Liu ,&nbsp;Haonuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Yiqing Sun ,&nbsp;Lei Zhao ,&nbsp;Ahmed Omran ,&nbsp;Peng Lu ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Yang ,&nbsp;Bing Yu ,&nbsp;Valentin Valtchev","doi":"10.1016/j.greenca.2023.11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.greenca.2023.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Zeolites are typically synthesized in alkaline or fluoride-containing near-neutral media. Sophisticated organic structure-directing agents have been investigated for such systems with the aim of discovering materials with unprecedented structures and properties for novel technical applications. In contrast, zeolite crystallization in strongly acidic media has yet to be explored. This study demonstrates that a zeolitic silicate phase crystallizes from acidic gels using trimethylamine as an organic additive with the composition 1 SiO₂:0.3 TMA:0.3 HCl: 0.15 HF:55 H₂O:(0.1–0.4) GeO₂. This phase has an interrupted four-connected framework analog to the octahedron/tetrahedron-mixed framework of the mineral family pharmacosiderite. In comparison to the pharmacosiderite-type HK₃(Ge₇O₁₆)(H₂O)₄, the four GeO₆-octahedra forming the central [HGe₄O₄O₁₂]-cluster are replaced by four SiO₄-tetrahedra in a [Si₄O₆(OH)_2.89]-unit in the new phase. However, the structure is distorted and may contain connectivity and point defects; thus, healing by the occasional incorporation of GeO₆-units is necessary. The refined unit cell has a cubic symmetry, space group P-43m (#215), with a = 7.7005(1) Å. Acidic-medium synthesis is a useful way to find new zeolites that move in a fundamentally different direction from sophisticated organic structure-directing agents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100595,"journal":{"name":"Green Carbon","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 185-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950155523000289/pdfft?md5=85fcb055829c36726fee69c4fa06930e&pid=1-s2.0-S2950155523000289-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138656623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Textile waste – an opportunity as well as a threat","authors":"James H. Clark","doi":"10.1016/j.greenca.2023.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greenca.2023.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Clothing and textiles are very challenging to recycle due to the fact that they are nearly always a blend of fibres from different types of polymers. There are some promising early indications that new green solvents including Cyrene^TM and TMO as well as some simple ionic liquids can be used to aid recycling of complex fabrics by selective dissolution of one of the component polymers. A viable process for the future valorisation of many waste fabrics should be designed to maximise the creation of valuable product streams while also minimising any waste.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100595,"journal":{"name":"Green Carbon","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 146-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950155523000216/pdfft?md5=999ec264caeaa84cdad2f9ecc3c21b02&pid=1-s2.0-S2950155523000216-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136010209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in reactive co-precipitation technology for preparing high-performance cathodes","authors":"Zhenzhen Wang ,&nbsp;Li Yang ,&nbsp;Chunliu Xu ,&nbsp;Jingcai Cheng ,&nbsp;Junmei Zhao ,&nbsp;Qingshan Huang ,&nbsp;Chao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.greenca.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greenca.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reactive crystallization plays an essential role in the synthesis of high-quality precursors with a narrow particle size distribution, dense packing, and high sphericity. These features are beneficial in the fabrication of high-specific-capacity and long-cycle-life cathodes for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries. However, in industrial production, designing and scaling-up crystallizers involves the use of semi-empirical approaches, making it challenging to satisfactorily meet techno-economic requirements. Furthermore, there is still a lack of in-depth knowledge on the theoretical models and technical calculations of the current co-precipitation process. This review elaborates on critical advances in the theoretical guidelines and process regulation strategies using a reactive crystallizer for the preparation of precursors by co-precipitation. The research progress on the kinetic models of co-precipitation reactive crystallization is presented. In addition, the regulation strategies for the reactive crystallization process of lithium-ion ternary cathodes are described in detail. These include the influence of different reactive crystallizer structures on the precursor's morphology and performance, the intelligent online measurement of efficient reactive crystallizers to ensure favorable conditions of co-precipitation, and preparing the precursor with a high tap density by increasing its solid holdup. A controllable reactive crystallization process is described in terms of the structural design with concentration gradient materials and bulk gradient doping of advantageous elements (such as magnesium ion) in lithium-ion cathodes and the fabrication of sodium-ion cathodes with three typical materials—Prussian blue analogues, transition metal oxides, and polyanionic phosphate compounds being involved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100595,"journal":{"name":"Green Carbon","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 193-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950155523000307/pdfft?md5=d3ebd44e19fa057b79c5a2ea4cd189aa&pid=1-s2.0-S2950155523000307-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139023373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microtubular solid oxide fuel cells with a two-layer LSCF/BSCFM5 cathode","authors":"Vladislav Sivtsev,&nbsp;Elizaveta Lapushkina,&nbsp;Ivan Kovalev,&nbsp;Rostislav Guskov,&nbsp;Mikhail Popov ,&nbsp;Alexander Nemudry","doi":"10.1016/j.greenca.2023.11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.greenca.2023.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we present the development of microtubular solid oxide fuel cells (MT-SOFC) with a two-layer cathode: a composite cathode functional layer (CFL) adjacent to the buffer layer (BL) and a cathode current-collecting layer (CCCL). CFL consists of a mixture of BL material Ce_0.9Sm_0.2O_1.95 (SDC) and perovskite Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Co_0.75Fe_0.2Mo_0.05O_{3-<em>δ</em>} (BSCFM5), which has a high exchange rate with oxygen. The widely used cathode material La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.2Fe_0.8O_{3-<em>δ</em>} (LSCF) with high electrical conductivity was used as the CCCL. A significant increase in the peak power density of the MT-SOFC to 1.2 W/cm² at 850 °C was achieved using the proposed two-layer cathode.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100595,"journal":{"name":"Green Carbon","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 154-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950155523000277/pdfft?md5=4f875749fa63b4c303bff7d15e8ecd9c&pid=1-s2.0-S2950155523000277-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138549279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recycling is not enough to make the world a greener place: Prospects for the circular economy","authors":"Jing Guo ,&nbsp;Saleem Ali ,&nbsp;Ming Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.greenca.2023.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greenca.2023.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100595,"journal":{"name":"Green Carbon","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 150-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950155523000253/pdfft?md5=e3168ddbe749c3f89d2dc38bad0c33ba&pid=1-s2.0-S2950155523000253-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135221326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mirror, mirror on the wall, which is the greenest of them all? A critical comparison of chemo- and biocatalytic oxyfunctionalisation reactions","authors":"Yinqi Wu,&nbsp;Caroline E. Paul,&nbsp;Frank Hollmann","doi":"10.1016/j.greenca.2023.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greenca.2023.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review article critically compares two widely used types of catalysis, chemo- and biocatalysis, and provides insights on their greenness according to specified parameters. A comparative analysis of the environmental impact of chemo- and biocatalytic oxyfunctionalisation reactions based on published experimental data reveals that both methods produce comparable amounts of waste, with the majority stemming from the solvent used. However, it is emphasised that the synthesis of the catalysts themselves, including biocatalysts, should also be considered when assessing their environmental impact. The review underscores the complexity of assessing the environmental impact of catalytic oxyfunctionalisation reactions. The article also discusses the relationship between solvent properties and the energy demands for chemical transformations and downstream processing, underlining that the choice of solvent can significantly influence the environmental impact of a catalytic process. Additionally, the review highlights the importance of considering the recyclability of reagents and the secondary CO₂ emissions caused by the energy requirements of the reaction when evaluating the environmental impact of a catalytic process. Each chemo- and biocatalysis produce a certain environmental impact, the greenness of either method is dependent on several factors, including the type of waste generated, the recyclability of reagents, and secondary CO₂ emissions. This review therefore recommends using consistent metrics and a comprehensive life cycle assessment approach to evaluate this environmental impact, and highlights the importance of considering the synthesis of the catalysts themselves.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100595,"journal":{"name":"Green Carbon","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 227-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S295015552300023X/pdfft?md5=fd93f78a32b6f65d7a4b69f68bb8d703&pid=1-s2.0-S295015552300023X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136160968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}