Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards最新文献_第10页

Environmental hazards 环境危害

Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards Pub Date : 2000-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-2867(01)00011-0

William D. Solecki

引用次数: 0

What's in a name?: Issues of terminology and language in hazards research 名字里有什么?危害研究中的术语和语言问题

Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards Pub Date : 2000-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-2867(01)00007-9

James K Mitchell

引用次数: 0

Vehicle-occupant deaths caused by tornadoes in the United States, 1900–1998 1900-1998年美国龙卷风造成的车辆乘员死亡人数

Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards Pub Date : 2000-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-2867(01)00005-5

Barbara O Hammer, Thomas W Schmidlin

{"title":"Vehicle-occupant deaths caused by tornadoes in the United States, 1900–1998","authors":"Barbara O Hammer, Thomas W Schmidlin","doi":"10.1016/S1464-2867(01)00005-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-2867(01)00005-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Occupants of vehicles encounter an uncertain degree of risk during tornadic storms. The current National Weather Service guidelines suggest we abandon vehicles to lie in a ditch if no sturdy shelter is available. However, these guidelines were developed without the benefit of supporting research. As we are an increasingly vehicle-dependent society, it is important to explore the historical record of vehicle-occupant deaths to see if the National Weather Service guidance is appropriate. The objective of this paper is to investigate the number, distribution, and broad spatial and temporal trends associated with vehicle-occupant deaths that have occurred as a result of tornadoes, and to define the proportion of tornado-induced deaths that have occurred in vehicles.</p><p>There were 15,047 deaths caused by tornadoes from 1900 through 1998. Of those, 5685 occurred at a defined site, and 270 were known to have occurred in vehicles. The number of vehicle-occupant deaths, as a proportion of all site-known, tornado-induced deaths, was constant from 1959–1979, but decreased significantly between 1980–1998. The number of deaths was related to several influencing factors. Linear regressions and correlations were employed to determine the degree of relationship between the number of deaths and several explanatory factors. While population, number of vehicle registrations, and number of tornadoes all seemed to influence the number of deaths to some degree, the most significant factor to influence the number of deaths appeared to be vehicle safety features. Most vehicle-occupant deaths occurred during rare F4 tornadoes, when vehicles where thrown from roadways. Regionally, the Great Plains had the highest number of vehicle-occupant deaths from tornadoes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100587,"journal":{"name":"Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 105-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-2867(01)00005-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92131028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The increasing exposure of cities to the effects of volcanic eruptions: a global survey 城市日益暴露于火山爆发的影响:一项全球调查

Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards Pub Date : 2000-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-2867(01)00004-3

D.K. Chester , M. Degg , A.M. Duncan , J.E. Guest

{"title":"The increasing exposure of cities to the effects of volcanic eruptions: a global survey","authors":"D.K. Chester , M. Degg , A.M. Duncan , J.E. Guest","doi":"10.1016/S1464-2867(01)00004-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-2867(01)00004-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The most dynamic demographic process of the past 250 years has been the movement of people from rural areas to cities. For most of this period urbanisation has been concentrated in economically more developed parts of the world, but during the last 50 years the focus has shifted to economically less developed regions. Urbanisation, particularly in developing countries, has led to increasing global exposure to a variety of natural hazards, not the least of which are risks posed to large cities by volcanoes. In this paper we monitor these demographic changes and detail the various types of volcanic hazard to which cities are exposed. A major eruption affecting a city in a developing country could cause widespread loss of life and regional disruption. Effective response, however, might minimise casualties in a city within a developed nation affected by a major eruption, but the economic impact could have global consequences. We argue that global hazard exposure is often subtle and involves not only the size of a city and the types of volcanic product that may occur, but also the strategic position of the threatened city within the economy of a country and/or region and the fact that volcano-induced tsunami and other consequences of eruptions, such as climatic change, may affect cities far removed from a given eruption site. Mitigation measures informed by both specific prediction (surveillance) and general prediction (hazard mapping) are providing the potential to reduce hazard exposure. The paper concludes with a consideration of ongoing research, in particular the emphasis currently being placed on conflating hazard analysis with studies of place, economy, society and culture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100587,"journal":{"name":"Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 89-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-2867(01)00004-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92036681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shared risk: complex systems in seismic response (1st ed.) 共同风险:地震反应中的复杂系统(第1版)

Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards Pub Date : 2000-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-2867(01)00006-7

James M Kendra Ph.D. (Postdoctoral Research Fellow)

引用次数: 10

Return delays and evacuation order compliance: 返程延误和疏散令遵守情况:

Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards Pub Date : 2000-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-2867(01)00008-0

Nicole Dash, Betty Hearn Morrow

引用次数: 0

The view from the private sector 来自私营部门的观点

Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards Pub Date : 2000-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-2867(00)00014-0

Frank Nutter

引用次数: 7

The political economy of hazards 危险的政治经济学

Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards Pub Date : 2000-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-2867(00)00016-4

Michael J. Armstrong

引用次数: 3

Hazards courses in North American geography programs 北美地理项目中的危险课程

Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards Pub Date : 2000-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-2867(00)00018-8

John A Cross

引用次数: 0

Flood management in Canada at the crossroads 加拿大的洪水管理处于十字路口

Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards Pub Date : 2000-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-2867(01)00002-X

Dan Shrubsole

{"title":"Flood management in Canada at the crossroads","authors":"Dan Shrubsole","doi":"10.1016/S1464-2867(01)00002-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-2867(01)00002-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although Canadian flood management efforts have gained worldwide recognition, flood damages continue to increase. The current practice for preventing, responding to and recovering from floods in Canada is described by focusing attention on the 1997 Red River and 1996 Saguenay River floods. A set of cultures is identified that contribute to the trend of increasing flood damages. These include a culture of conflict, a culture of land development, a culture that impeded native people from easily implementing flood management programs, a culture of institutional fragmentation and a culture of dependency. These foster an inevitable cycle of increasing flood damages. The potential of recent proposals made by Emergency Preparedness Canada and the Insurance Bureau of Canada to address these cultures is assessed. While these documents represent significant progress, they continue to adopt an intermittent project rather an ongoing program perspective, fail to identify the need to adopt specific initiatives tailored for aboriginal communities, and ignore the need to enhance the operational capacity of relevant public and private participants. Addressing these requirements will further reduce future losses and vulnerability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100587,"journal":{"name":"Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 63-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-2867(01)00002-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137441405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0