Geology Today最新文献

{"title":"Geodigest","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/gto.12440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12440","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100581,"journal":{"name":"Geology Today","volume":"39 4","pages":"120-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50146375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exceptional lower Cambrian fossils from a long-lost locality in Vermont, USA","authors":"Giovanni Pari,&nbsp;Derek E.G. Briggs,&nbsp;Robert R. Gaines,&nbsp;Brian T. Roach,&nbsp;Mark Webster","doi":"10.1111/gto.12444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12444","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent excavations at the site of Vermont's historically important Parker Quarry, long considered worked out where fossils were concerned, have yielded not only spectacular lower Cambrian trilobites but also soft-bodied animals including the early chordate <i>Emmonsaspis cambrensis</i> and a new multi-segmented bivalved arthropod <i>Vermontcaris montcalmi</i>. The first radiodont specimen from the locality indicates the presence of one of these apex predators more than 30-cm long. New discoveries from this Burgess Shale-type deposit add to our knowledge of the geographical diversity of animals that evolved during the Cambrian explosion.</p>","PeriodicalId":100581,"journal":{"name":"Geology Today","volume":"39 4","pages":"152-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50146371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retro review: The Earliest Englishman","authors":"S. Kenneth Donovan","doi":"10.1111/gto.12431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12431","url":null,"abstract":"<p>One of the most notable events in the history of palaeoanthropology was the description of ‘Piltdown Man’, a hoax that took 40 years to uncover. At the centre of this episode was Sir Arthur Smith Woodward, who was duped by the ‘discoverer’ and fossil forger, Charles Dawson. Smith Woodward never doubted the authenticity of this find and died before the dénouement of the Piltdown episode. His last major work was a summary of Piltdown Man and its associated ‘science’. <i>The Earliest Englishman</i> is well-written and crafted, and still is worthy of being read at the present day, 70 years since the forgery was exposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":100581,"journal":{"name":"Geology Today","volume":"39 3","pages":"107-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50125226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘A hard rain's a-gonna fall’: torrential rain, flash floods and desert lakes in the Late Triassic Arden Sandstone of Central England","authors":"Stuart D. Burley,&nbsp;Jonathan D. Radley,&nbsp;Robert A. Coram","doi":"10.1111/gto.12430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12430","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Arden Sandstone Formation of central and western England is a thin but conspicuous arenaceous unit within the Late Triassic Mercia Mudstone Group. Sedimentological and palaeontological data point to lacustrine depositional conditions, in contrast to the red desert mudstones above and below which were deposited as continental dryland desert floodplains. The Arden Sandstone records deposits of the lake margins and may be the high stand lateral equivalent of the halite and gypsum deposits which formed in the lake centre. The Carnian age of the Arden Sandstone potentially links it to the Carnian Pluvial Episode, marking the coalescence, spread and freshening of the formerly saline desert lakes, and deposition of sandy, fluvial and lacustrine deposits, during the wetter climate that prevailed for at least a million years.</p>","PeriodicalId":100581,"journal":{"name":"Geology Today","volume":"39 3","pages":"90-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gto.12430","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50125228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclostratigraphy at a tipping point","authors":"Robin Bailey","doi":"10.1111/gto.12429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12429","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There are key patterns of variation in the (litho-) stratigraphical record, which, with advances in computing technology in recent decades, have become amenable to objective numerical analysis. This research has chiefly focused on the search for spatially regular cycles in the sedimentary rock record, since there are theoretical grounds for believing that these would be periodic and thus provide a means of time-calibrating the stratigraphical records in which they occurred. Less popular lines of research consider the scaling relationships of the tangible, measurable sedimentary rock layers, and of the hiatuses, individually of indeterminate length, that punctuate these layers. Objective source data for all these analyses is provided, on limited (usually decametre) scales, by detailed lithological logging, sampling and dating of sections provided by exposures and cores. An objective global lithostratigraphical database, with larger, kilometre scales, is provided by the widespread practice of electric (wire-line) logging of deep wells. This involves measurement, at 6-inch (~15 cm) depth intervals of lithology-related petrophysical properties. Rapid desk top computer analysis of the hundreds or thousands of readings that comprise these two data series, searches for patterns of variation. This review considers the published evidence for ‘ubiquitous’ cyclicity and its use in chronostratigraphy, despite the contrary claims that stratigraphical records are predominantly random in character.</p>","PeriodicalId":100581,"journal":{"name":"Geology Today","volume":"39 3","pages":"99-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50125227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Oxford University Museum of Natural History Building, Oxford, UK","authors":"Nina Morgan","doi":"10.1111/gto.12432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12432","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Oxford University Museum of Natural History (OUMNH) is now celebrated as one of the most important Gothic revival buildings of the nineteenth century. It is also a temple of science. Built between 1855 and 1860, the design of the museum building incorporated input from artists, scientists and cultural figures such as the writer, philosopher, art critic and polymath John Ruskin. The aim of the museum's founders was to teach science—and that the museum building itself should serve as a teaching tool. Geology played a key role in achieving this.</p>","PeriodicalId":100581,"journal":{"name":"Geology Today","volume":"39 3","pages":"110-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50116697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geodigest","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/gto.12428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12428","url":null,"abstract":"Many years ago, scientists assumed that the round depression in which one of the vineyards in the south of France is located is actually a meteorite crater (Fig. 1). But then they abandoned this idea. Now a new confirmation has been found for it (The Universe Magazine, 23 February 2023). Geologist and cosmochemist Professor Frank Brenker from Goethe University in Frankfurt was on vacation and travelling in France when his attention was attracted by a winery named ‘Domaine du Météore’. The fact is that one of its vineyards is located in a circular depression with a depth of 30 m and a diameter of 220 m. Back in the 1950s, its unusual shape led to the theory that it was an ancient crater from a meteorite fall. Though scientists refuted this assumption, the name associated with meteorites remained. Brenker decided to study the possible crater in detail, because he believed that alternative geological explanations simply did not satisfy all the features of this place. He selected rock samples and examined them in the laboratory. The presence of mica veins, a characteristic trace of meteorite impacts, was immediately detected. Prof. Brenker also found traces of breccia in the samples— potentially formed as a result of meteorite impacts. The researchers were convinced that the vineyard could be a meteorite crater and in the following year gathered a large team to study it on the spot. First of all, it turns out that the magnetic field in the vineyard is much weaker than in its surroundings. This is also very typical for meteorite craters. The team was finally convinced of the correctness of the assumption by the discovery of spheres made of iron and nickel with a diameter of about 1 mm. They are formed exclusively by explosions of ‘heavenly rocks’. Despite the fact that meteorites regularly crash into Earth, traces of these events are difficult to find due to the fact that erosion erases them in a few hundreds and thousands of years, especially where it rains intensively. There are only 190 impact craters registered worldwide. There are only three known in Western Europe. These are the Rochechouart in Aquitaine, France, the Nördlinger Ries between the Swabian Alb and the Franconian Jura, and the Steinheim Basin near Heidenheim in BadenWürttemberg (both in Germany). Now they will be joined by another one at the French winery.","PeriodicalId":100581,"journal":{"name":"Geology Today","volume":"39 3","pages":"80-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50125229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking deep geothermal energy in the UK using borehole heat exchangers","authors":"Christopher S. Brown,&nbsp;Louis Howell","doi":"10.1111/gto.12425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12425","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the wake of COP 26, the international community is aiming to reduce carbon emissions by adopting alternative and renewable energy sources. Deep geothermal energy can help to achieve this as it represents a low carbon-emitting energy resource that can provide a constant base load of energy. In the United Kingdom, the development of deep geothermal has been limited due to high geological uncertainty and risk. Past exploration has focused on hot sedimentary aquifers and hot dry-rock granites, with limited success. To mitigate risk and extract heat with a lower reliance on geological properties, such as permeability, new development methods have been conceived using deep borehole heat exchangers, where fluid is circulated in a closed-loop system. Feasibility studies have been undertaken through modelling of deep borehole heat exchangers with the hope that these novel technologies can be used to exploit geothermal energy.</p>","PeriodicalId":100581,"journal":{"name":"Geology Today","volume":"39 2","pages":"67-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gto.12425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50147589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geodigest","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/gto.12422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12422","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100581,"journal":{"name":"Geology Today","volume":"39 2","pages":"40-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50124975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Hunsrück Slate Konservat-Lagerstätte","authors":"Jack T. R. Wilkin","doi":"10.1111/gto.12426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12426","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate in western Germany is world-famous for its exceptionally preserved and beautiful fossils. What makes this Konservat-Lagerstätte so fascinating is its unique style of pyritization that has perfectly captured an entire ecosystem, from delicate echinoderms with preserved soft tissues to the Lovecraftian Mimetaster.</p>","PeriodicalId":100581,"journal":{"name":"Geology Today","volume":"39 2","pages":"72-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gto.12426","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50147590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}