Geology TodayPub Date : 2025-07-30DOI: 10.1111/gto.12520
Edward P.F. Rose
{"title":"Geology-based maps as weapons of war","authors":"Edward P.F. Rose","doi":"10.1111/gto.12520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12520","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Complementing earlier articles in <i>Geology Today</i> that have featured military applications of geology during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, this article helps to mark the 80th anniversary of the end of the Second World War in 2025. It shows that ‘military geologists’ sometimes helped to initiate national geological mapping and that, as a wartime imperative, they notably adapted geological maps to create innovative hydrogeological, engineering geological and terrain assessment maps for military use. Examples come from work by British, German and US’ military geologists—primarily from the 1939–1945 war.</p>","PeriodicalId":100581,"journal":{"name":"Geology Today","volume":"41 4","pages":"147-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geology TodayPub Date : 2025-07-30DOI: 10.1111/gto.12521
Jamie Pringle, Peter Doyle, Alastair Ruffell, Peter Styles, Matt Stringfellow, Nick Russill, Ian Stimpson, Kristopher Wisniewski, Nick Barton, Luis Rees-Hughes, Sam Carr, Rob Hunter, Joe Ainsworth, Christos Kyriakou, Luke Hobson
{"title":"Non-invasive detection and characterization of underground twentieth-century military complexes","authors":"Jamie Pringle, Peter Doyle, Alastair Ruffell, Peter Styles, Matt Stringfellow, Nick Russill, Ian Stimpson, Kristopher Wisniewski, Nick Barton, Luis Rees-Hughes, Sam Carr, Rob Hunter, Joe Ainsworth, Christos Kyriakou, Luke Hobson","doi":"10.1111/gto.12521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12521","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent events in conflict zones have shown that the successful detection and characterization of buried military complexes is vitally important for geoforensic investigators globally, to reduce or solve criminal activities, address national security threats and avoid potential terrorist attacks. However, this can often prove difficult, particularly in urban areas. Generally, desktop studies assess pre-existing information that then inform appropriate survey design and technique(s) selection. Survey results then produce accurate plans of subsurface targets, with numerical modelling and correction for above-ground infrastructure provide confidence in interpretations. All investigations are of course unique, and require individual phased investigative approaches to improve detection rates of such important buried targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":100581,"journal":{"name":"Geology Today","volume":"41 4","pages":"160-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gto.12521","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geology TodayPub Date : 2025-06-03DOI: 10.1111/gto.12515
S. Kenneth Donovan
{"title":"Retro review: Directory of British Fossiliferous Localities","authors":"S. Kenneth Donovan","doi":"10.1111/gto.12515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12515","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We all have books on the shelves of our personal libraries, not collecting dust, but regularly being pulled down and referred to despite their age. I have several that are still there and being used almost 50 years after I bought them, all wise investments, indeed. <i>Directory of British Fossiliferous Localities</i> is particularly cherished, capturing the flavour of geological fieldwork in a time now sadly lost.</p>","PeriodicalId":100581,"journal":{"name":"Geology Today","volume":"41 3","pages":"114-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geology TodayPub Date : 2025-06-03DOI: 10.1111/gto.12514
Tony Waltham
{"title":"Geology and resources of diamonds","authors":"Tony Waltham","doi":"10.1111/gto.12514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12514","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A brief review of diamond mining covers the succession of dominating resources, from India to South Africa, to elsewhere in Africa and then to Russia and Canada. Kimberlite pipes have come to be recognized as the explosive transporters of diamonds upwards from their high-pressure sources in the deep crust and upper mantle of Archaean cratons.</p>","PeriodicalId":100581,"journal":{"name":"Geology Today","volume":"41 3","pages":"103-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geology TodayPub Date : 2025-06-03DOI: 10.1111/gto.12516
Joe Stembridge-King, Jack Thomas Rhodes Wilkin
{"title":"The lifestyle of Spinosaurus","authors":"Joe Stembridge-King, Jack Thomas Rhodes Wilkin","doi":"10.1111/gto.12516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12516","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The mid-Cretaceous Kem Kem beds of Morocco contains an overabundance of giant theropod dinosaurs, including <i>Spinosaurus</i> and <i>Carcharodontosaurus—</i>both longer than <i>Tyrannosaurus</i>. Compared to modern and other Mesozoic continental ecosystems, in which herbivores represent most of the vertebrate biomass, predators are overrepresented in the mid-Cretaceous of North Africa. The reason is thought to be niche partitioning, with <i>Spinosaurus</i> being semi or perhaps even fully aquatic with other large theropods having a more traditional lifestyle. These conclusions are based on evidence from stable isotopes, skeletal anatomy and biomechanical studies which we will discuss in this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":100581,"journal":{"name":"Geology Today","volume":"41 3","pages":"118-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gto.12516","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geology TodayPub Date : 2025-03-19DOI: 10.1111/gto.12507
Stephen K. Donovan
{"title":"The significance of traces and trace fossils: trails, burrows and borings","authors":"Stephen K. Donovan","doi":"10.1111/gto.12507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12507","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Traces and trace fossils are the spoor of organisms, such as tracks, trails, burrows, borings and coprolites. They provide a unique suite of data for geology, including stratigraphy, sedimentology and palaeontology.</p>","PeriodicalId":100581,"journal":{"name":"Geology Today","volume":"41 2","pages":"56-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geology TodayPub Date : 2025-03-19DOI: 10.1111/gto.12509
Stephen K. Donovan
{"title":"Small round holes","authors":"Stephen K. Donovan","doi":"10.1111/gto.12509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12509","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Small round holes in shells—the trace fossil <i>Oichnus</i> Bromley—range throughout the Phanerozoic and were doubtless the spoor of diverse invertebrates. Their function may have been predatory, parasitic or a domicile, but how do we tell which from the fossil evidence?</p>","PeriodicalId":100581,"journal":{"name":"Geology Today","volume":"41 2","pages":"65-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geology TodayPub Date : 2025-03-19DOI: 10.1111/gto.12510
James Barnet
{"title":"How tiny foraminifera can play a massive role in understanding past climates","authors":"James Barnet","doi":"10.1111/gto.12510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12510","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Foraminifera comprise a group of heterotrophic zooplankton, which inhabit all depths within the world's oceans from the sunlit surface ocean to the depths of the abyssal plains. Many species build a shell of calcium carbonate (predominantly calcite), which records vital geochemical information from the oceans as it grows. Studies based on microscopic foraminifera are often at the forefront of pioneering research by palaeoclimatologists into Cretaceous–Cenozoic climates. In this feature, I summarize how foraminifera are obtained from the deep ocean and describe how rapidly evolving planktic foraminifera species can be used to date marine sediments. I then explain how benthic foraminifera can be used to reconstruct high-resolution long-term climate records, focusing on the use of stable oxygen isotopes to elucidate deep ocean temperatures from the greenhouse climate of the late Paleocene–early Eocene.</p>","PeriodicalId":100581,"journal":{"name":"Geology Today","volume":"41 2","pages":"71-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gto.12510","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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