Forage & Grazinglands最新文献_第2页

Fall Harvest Management of Eastern Gamagrass in Central Wisconsin 威斯康星州中部东部野草的秋季收获管理

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.2134/FG-2014-0016-RS

Wayne K. Coblentz, Michael G. Bertram, Patrick C. Hoffman, Nancy M. Esser, Jason S. Cavadini

{"title":"Fall Harvest Management of Eastern Gamagrass in Central Wisconsin","authors":"Wayne K. Coblentz, Michael G. Bertram, Patrick C. Hoffman, Nancy M. Esser, Jason S. Cavadini","doi":"10.2134/FG-2014-0016-RS","DOIUrl":"10.2134/FG-2014-0016-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Research has suggested that eastern gamagrass (EGG) may be an effective alternative to chopped straw in the blended diets of dairy heifers and cows. Extension materials discussing appropriate fall management of EGG often recommend avoiding harvest within 6 weeks of first frost. However, previous research has shown that single-harvest dry-matter (DM) yields are not maximal by mid-August in central Wisconsin; most probably this occurs because of inadequate accumulation of growing degree days by that date. Our objectives were to evaluate DM yield, plant persistence, and nutritive value for EGG harvested at 15-day intervals between 1 August and 1 November. Yields of DM (2010 through 2013) increased with linear (P = 0.001) and quadratic (P < 0.001) effects across harvest dates, peaking at >6600 lb/acre (7392 kg/ha) on 15 September and 1 October. Overall DM yields varied with year but were greatest (P ≤ 0.001) during the final year (2013) of the trial (7099 lb/acre; 7951 kg/ha). The percentage of continuous row coverage also was assessed but was not affected by harvest date (P ≥ 0.218). In central Wisconsin, single-cut harvests of EGG timed as late as 1 October improved DM yields relative to August harvest dates without compromising plant persistence.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/FG-2014-0016-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116171967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Field Drying-Rate Differences Among Three Cool-Season Grasses 三种冷季牧草的田间干旱率差异

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.2134/FG-2013-0104-RS

Geoffrey Brink, Matthew F. Digman, Richard E. Muck

{"title":"Field Drying-Rate Differences Among Three Cool-Season Grasses","authors":"Geoffrey Brink, Matthew F. Digman, Richard E. Muck","doi":"10.2134/FG-2013-0104-RS","DOIUrl":"10.2134/FG-2013-0104-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Conserving cool-season grasses as silage or hay remains a challenge due to the time required for field curing and the unpredictability of the weather. We compared the drying rates of three grasses with differing yield potential, morphology, and physical characteristics. Inflorescence-stage meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds. subsp. pratensis [syn. Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv.]), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) were cut and swathed with field-scale equipment at 1100 h on three consecutive days of early June in each of 2 years. Moisture, drying rate, and nutritive value were measured hourly until 1600 h and over the same time frame during the following 2 days. Despite differences in leaf-to-stem ratio and windrow density, there were few differences in drying rate (mean of 0.229, 0.150, and 0.119/h on the first, second, and third days, respectively). In one year, meadow fescue had lower initial moisture content at harvest than the other grasses, potentially allowing earlier processing into silage on the first day of curing. Species will probably not have an impact on drying rate of cool-season grasses harvested at the same relative maturity.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/FG-2013-0104-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115880590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Inoculants to Enhance the Ruminal Degradation of Small-Grain Forage 提高小粒饲料瘤胃降解的接种剂研究

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.2134/FG-2014-0006-RS

Martha E. Thomas-Moen, Jamie L. Foster, Kimberly C. McCuistion, Robert W. Duncan, Larry A. Redmon, Aaron M. Franks, Russell W. Jessup, Vanessa A. Olson

{"title":"Inoculants to Enhance the Ruminal Degradation of Small-Grain Forage","authors":"Martha E. Thomas-Moen, Jamie L. Foster, Kimberly C. McCuistion, Robert W. Duncan, Larry A. Redmon, Aaron M. Franks, Russell W. Jessup, Vanessa A. Olson","doi":"10.2134/FG-2014-0006-RS","DOIUrl":"10.2134/FG-2014-0006-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Fibrolytic enzymes and microbial inoculants have the potential to improve fiber degradability. A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted to determine the nutritive value, ruminal degradability, and degradation rates of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) pretreated with fibrolytic enzyme (xylanase plus cellulase: XC) or bacterial [Promote ASB (Lactobacillus buchneri and L. plantarum); PRO] inoculants at two maturities. Forage was harvested twice during the tillering stage (H1 and H2) and a third time as stover (H3). Forage from H1 had less neutral detergent fiber (NDF; 43.8% dry-matter [DM] basis) and acid detergent fiber (ADF; 31.2% DM basis) and greater in vitro true digestibility (IVTD; 78.5%) concentrations than H3 (69.0 and 45.3% DM basis, and 51.9%, respectively). The IVTD was greater for oat (55.0%) than wheat (50.7%). Chemical composition was not affected by inoculant; however, inoculant did affect ruminal degradability and degradation rates. Potentially degradable DM, NDF, and ADF and effective ruminal degradability were greater for wheat and oat at tillering. Treatment of oat or wheat with XC or PRO enhanced potential degradability and reduced undegradable fractions. Both XC and PRO may be used to degrade the fiber fractions of small-grain forage.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/FG-2014-0006-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126085432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A Survey Investigating Alfalfa Winter Injury in Minnesota and Wisconsin from the Winter of 2012-2013 2012-2013年冬季明尼苏达州和威斯康星州紫花苜蓿冬害调查

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.2134/FG-2013-0051-RS

M. Scott Wells, Krishona L. Martinson, Daniel J. Undersander, Craig C. Sheaffer

{"title":"A Survey Investigating Alfalfa Winter Injury in Minnesota and Wisconsin from the Winter of 2012-2013","authors":"M. Scott Wells, Krishona L. Martinson, Daniel J. Undersander, Craig C. Sheaffer","doi":"10.2134/FG-2013-0051-RS","DOIUrl":"10.2134/FG-2013-0051-RS","url":null,"abstract":"The climate in the upper Midwest is noted for extreme weather events that greatly increase the risk of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) winter injury. An electronic survey was sent to alfalfa producers and crop consultants in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Iowa with the goal of providing a retrospective assessment of the causes of alfalfa winter injury during the winter of 2012–2013. Almost all alfalfa producers who responded to the survey observed some winter injury, and a majority of crop consultants indicated more than 2001 acres had been affected in among their clients. A majority of crop consultants and alfalfa producers indicated that they perceived that freezing rain during the winter of 2013 combined with the dry fall of 2012 and the lack of snow cover caused alfalfa winter injury. Along with weather events, management practices also affected the incidence of alfalfa winter injury, with the lowest occurrences of winter injury observed in fields that had 13 or more inches of alfalfa regrowth. The results from the survey confirm that alfalfa winter injury was probably caused by a combination of weather events and management decisions.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/FG-2013-0051-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125562287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Winter Annual Legumes Overseeded into Seeded Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon): Productivity, Forage Composition, and Reseeding Capability 越冬一年生豆科植物转化成有籽的百慕大草:生产力、饲料组成和复播能力

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.2134/FG-2013-0060-RS

Sharon R. Freeman, Matthew H. Poore, Heather M. Glennon, April D. Shaeffer

{"title":"Winter Annual Legumes Overseeded into Seeded Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon): Productivity, Forage Composition, and Reseeding Capability","authors":"Sharon R. Freeman, Matthew H. Poore, Heather M. Glennon, April D. Shaeffer","doi":"10.2134/FG-2013-0060-RS","DOIUrl":"10.2134/FG-2013-0060-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Overseeding in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) pasture is common to expand the harvest season in the southeastern U.S. coastal plain. Grasses are often utilized; however, using legumes would allow capturing nitrogen and extend the harvest season. Austrian winter peas (Pisum sativum, WP), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum cv. Dixie, CC), arrowleaf clover (T. vesiculosum Savi cv. Apache and Yuchi, AC), and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa cv. AU Merit, HV) were seeded into bermudagrass in a complete block design (four replicates in each of two seasons). Forage yield estimates were made before grazing by cattle and before bermudagrass hay harvests. Botanical separations and step-point analysis determined legume and bermudagrass contributions to the stand. Legumes yielded similarly (3842 kg/ha), with harvestable growth 6 to 10 weeks before bermudagrass alone. Compared to controls (no legume), HV and AC reduced bermudagrass hay yield (P < 0.05) and WP and CC did not. Crimson clover was the only legume that did not reduce the proportion of bermudagrass in hay. Late harvest of legumes exacerbated the decline of bermudagrass. Overseeding has the potential to increase harvestable forage; however, maturing legumes can have deleterious effects on bermudagrass. Crimson clover had the least negative impact and therefore might be the best suited of the legumes tested for overseeding.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/FG-2013-0060-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121357525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The Bermudagrass Stem Maggot (Atherigona reversura Villeneuve): A Review of Current Knowledge 百慕大草茎蛆(Atherigona reversura Villeneuve):当前知识综述

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.2134/FG-2013-0049-RV

Lisa L. Baxter, Dennis W. Hancock, William G. Hudson

引用次数: 8

Cool-Season Annual Grasses Interseeded into a Bermudagrass with Improved Cold Tolerance for Grazing in the Upper South 冷季一年生禾本科植物与百慕大草杂交，提高耐寒性，在南部北部放牧

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.2134/FG-2012-0137-RS

Glen E. Aiken

{"title":"Cool-Season Annual Grasses Interseeded into a Bermudagrass with Improved Cold Tolerance for Grazing in the Upper South","authors":"Glen E. Aiken","doi":"10.2134/FG-2012-0137-RS","DOIUrl":"10.2134/FG-2012-0137-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (Pers.) L.] cultivars with improved cold tolerance can be used for grazing in the U.S. upper south, but these bermudagrasses do not provide adequate growth for stocking until late May to early June. Length of the grazing season can be extended by interseeding bermudagrass with cool-season annual grasses; however, it is uncertain if competiveness of cool-season grasses will reduce yields and damage stands of bermudagrasses that are late in breaking dormancy. A plot experiment was conducted with ‘Wrangler’ bermudagrass to compare spring and summer herbage dry matter (DM) yields, percentage harvested yields relative to total spring or summer DM yields, and nutritive value among interseeded rye (Secale cereale L.), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rye–wheat and rye–ryegrass mixtures, and bermudagrass-only plots. Rye and mixtures of rye with wheat or ryegrass had high total spring yields in both years whereas wheat yields were low in both years and ryegrass provided high yields in the first year and lower yields in the second. Bermudagrass-only plots consistently had the highest total summer yields, but any dampening of bermudagrass in interseeded plots occurred only in the first summer harvest. Results indicated that cool-season annual grasses can be interseeded into bermudagrass to provide grazing in the spring with high-quality forage.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/FG-2012-0137-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128254851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Estimation of Nutritive Value of Spring Alfalfa–Grass Mixtures using In-Field Measurements and Growing Degree Data 利用田间测量和生长度数据估算春季苜蓿-草混交种的营养价值

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2012-0162-RS

David Parsons, Paul R. Peterson, Jerome H. Cherney

引用次数: 4

Assessing the Production and Nutritive Value of Warm-Season Legumes in Oklahoma and Texas 俄克拉荷马州和德克萨斯州暖季豆科作物的产量和营养价值评估

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.2134/FG-2013-0026-RS

Twain J. Butler, Sindy M. Interrante, Jamie L. Foster

引用次数: 1

Yield and Stand Persistence of Switchgrass as Affected by Cutting Height and Variety 刈割高度和品种对柳枝稷产量和林分持久性的影响

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2013-0043-RS

Amanda J. Ashworth, Patrick D. Keyser, Elizabeth D. Holcomb, Craig A. Harper

{"title":"Yield and Stand Persistence of Switchgrass as Affected by Cutting Height and Variety","authors":"Amanda J. Ashworth, Patrick D. Keyser, Elizabeth D. Holcomb, Craig A. Harper","doi":"10.1094/FG-2013-0043-RS","DOIUrl":"10.1094/FG-2013-0043-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a high-yielding forage species with low input demands on marginal soils. However, long-term response of prominent varieties to cutting heights is not well documented. To examine varietal type and cutting height impacts, three varieties of switchgrass (‘Cave-in-Rock’, ‘Kanlow’, and ‘Alamo’) that were established in 1992 for a previous study were evaluated in Knoxville, TN, from 2008 to 2011. Switchgrass plots were harvested at 10-, 20-, 30-, and 41-cm cutting heights in a two-cut system (June and September annually) to determine if lower harvest height affected forage yield and stand persistence. Plots were visually rated during the final year (2011) to assess stand vigor. Interactions were detected for total yield by cutting height and year (P < 0.05); shorter cutting heights appeared to negatively impact yields in subsequent years and the highest cutting height resulted in lower yields. However, there were no varietal yield responses to cutting heights. Shorter cutting height treatments (10 and 20 cm) had reduced Alamo and Kanlow presence (P < 0.05) by the end of the 4-yr study period. Consequently, lower switchgrass cutting heights (10 and 20 cm) may maximize short-term forage yield; however, stand persistence may be compromised long term, especially in lowland varieties.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1094/FG-2013-0043-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125013047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11