Food and Humanity最新文献

{"title":"Exploring fish protein hydrolysates: A promising frontier in Alzheimer's disease treatment modalities – A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Santoshi Gurudas Nadkarni ,&nbsp;Shanti Nilesh Dessai","doi":"10.1016/j.foohum.2026.100993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foohum.2026.100993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with limited disease-modifying treatments. Bioactive peptides from fish protein hydrolysates (FPHs) have been proposed as multifunctional neuroprotective agents. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized evidence from 70 preclinical studies to evaluate four AD-relevant bioactivities—antioxidant (AO), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (ACEi), acetylcholinesterase inhibition (AChEi), and amyloid-beta aggregation inhibition (ABi). FPHs demonstrated significant pooled benefits across all outcomes (p &lt; 0.001), although heterogeneity was high and effect magnitudes varied by domain. Subgroup analyses showed larger effects in vitro than in vivo, reflecting a predominance of early-stage mechanistic research. Evidence for AChEi and especially ABi remains limited, with very few in vivo studies, underscoring a major translational gap. Funnel plot asymmetry and Egger regression indicated possible publication bias, suggesting that reported effect sizes may be inflated. Collectively, FPHs show consistent multi-target neuroprotective potential, but future work must address methodological variability, expand in vivo validation, and undertake pharmacokinetic and clinical investigations to determine whether these peptides can advance toward therapeutic application in AD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100543,"journal":{"name":"Food and Humanity","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100993"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnitude of vitamin D deficiency among cancer patients in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Astewle Andargie Baye ,&nbsp;Gebrehiwot Berie Mekonnen ,&nbsp;Gebrie Kassaw Yirga ,&nbsp;Yirgalem Abere ,&nbsp;Mitikie Wondmagegn ,&nbsp;Setegn Muche Fenta ,&nbsp;Birara Ayichew Tilaye ,&nbsp;Yeshiambaw Eshetie","doi":"10.1016/j.foohum.2026.101037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foohum.2026.101037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Vitamin D deficiency is a widespread problem in the world, particularly among cancer patients. However, it is not adequately characterized among cancer patients in Africa. Thus, we aimed to identify the overall magnitude of vitamin D deficiency among cancer patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched various databases and institutional repository centers including African journal of online, Embase, PubMed and Web of Science with appropriate search terms. Standardized data abstraction format was used to collect full information of included studies. A Random effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate the pooled magnitude. Forest plots were used to present the overall magnitude. Heterogeneity was checked using I-square and Galbraith plot. Subgroup meta-analyses were conducted to mitigate heterogeneity. Publication bias was checked.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 27 articles with a total of 3437 cancer patients. The pooled prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among cancer patients in Africa was 57.93 % (95 % CI: 50.19–65.67 %). Vitamin D deficient cancer patients faced a 2.4-times more risk of death compared to those with sufficient vitamin D levels (AHR=2.37, 95 % CI: 1.39–3.35). Additionally, the risk of metastasis was nearly a threefold (AHR=2.99, 95 % CI: 2.27–3.72).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Vitamin D deficiency among cancer patients in Africa became a significant problem as compared to the general population. Nearly three in five cancer patients experienced it. Therefore, developing effective strategies for the prevention, early detection, and treatment of vitamin D deficiency is crucial to mitigating its impact on cancer outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100543,"journal":{"name":"Food and Humanity","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 101037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of antioxidant properties and gastrointestinal stability of instant soup powder through marine collagen peptide fortification","authors":"Meenu Babu ,&nbsp;Parvathy Unnikrishnan ,&nbsp;Anokhi Chandrababu Kuttamparambath ,&nbsp;Sarika Kunnath ,&nbsp;Binsi Puthanpurakkalkizhakkethil Kamalamma","doi":"10.1016/j.foohum.2026.101042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foohum.2026.101042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for convenient, nutrient-rich foods has prompted investigation into functional ingredient fortification of instant food products. This study evaluated the effects of marine collagen peptide (MCP) fortification on the antioxidant capacity and gastrointestinal bioaccessibility of instant soup powder. Base mix soup powder (BMSP) was prepared from onion, corn flour, milk powder, spices, and vegetables, then fortified with 10 % (w/w) MCP to produce collagen peptide-fortified soup powder (CPFSP). Fortification significantly enhanced nutritional composition, increasing protein content from 3.63 % to 13.72 % (278 % increase) while reducing carbohydrate content from 82.61 % to 76.22 %. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that MCP fortification produced denser, more compact particle structures compared to BMSP. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed peptide incorporation through the appearance of characteristic amide II bands at 1519–1528 cm⁻¹ . CPFSP demonstrated significantly superior antioxidant activity across all assays, DPPH radical scavenging increased from 57.67 % to 60.68 % (p &lt; 0.001), FRAP values increased from 0.822 to 0.913 mM ascorbic acid equivalents (p = 0.003), and ABTS scavenging increased from 35.81 % to 43.05 % (p &lt; 0.001). In vitro gastrointestinal digestion revealed progressive enhancement of antioxidant activity in both formulations, with CPFSP demonstrating superior activity at all digestion stages: DPPH scavenging increased from 36.07 % (pre-digestion) to 60.75 % (after 3 h), representing 68.4 % enhancement, while BMSP increased from 28.75 % to 46.20 % (60.7 % enhancement). These results demonstrate that MCP fortification enhances both the intrinsic antioxidant properties and digestive bioaccessibility of instant soup powder, offering a promising approach for developing protein-rich, antioxidant-enhanced functional convenience foods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100543,"journal":{"name":"Food and Humanity","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 101042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of bioactive compound extraction from lychee peel and seed flours using a simplex-centroid mixture model","authors":"João Paulo Lima de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Hanna Elisia Araújo de Barros ,&nbsp;Ingrid Alves Santos ,&nbsp;Ana Beatriz Silva Araújo ,&nbsp;Eduardo Valério de Barros Vilas Boas ,&nbsp;Elisângela Elena Nunes Carvalho","doi":"10.1016/j.foohum.2026.101049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foohum.2026.101049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lychee is a fruit native to China, whose peel and seed, despite being rich in bioactive compounds, are routinely discarded. This study aimed to optimize the extraction of total phenolic compounds (TPC) from lychee peel (PF) and seed flours (SF) using different solvent combinations. The raw materials were dehydrated, ground, sieved, and processed into flours, which constituted the analytical material. A simplex-centroid design was applied to test different proportions of water, ethanol, and methanol, with TPC as the response variable. The optimized extract was subjected to antioxidant assays. All results were expressed based on the weight of the flour produced. Statistical analysis by ANOVA confirmed the significance of the models (p &lt; 0.05) and high coefficients of determination. TPC were 2204.30 ± 60.80 mg GAE.100 g⁻¹ for PF and 1178.18 ± 59.52 mg GAE.100 g⁻¹ for SF. PF showed antioxidant capacity of 26,116.14 ± 2093.15 µM Trolox.100 g⁻¹ in the 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS^•+), an EC₅₀ value of 1329.11 ± 245.92 mg.mL⁻¹ in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH^•), 47.39 ± 2.88 % inhibition in the β-carotene/linoleic acid system, 4.42 ± 0.21 g ascorbic acid equivalents.100 g⁻¹ in the phosphomolybdenum complex, and 26,243.49 ± 511.42 µM ferrous sulfate.100 g⁻¹ in the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). For SF, the corresponding values were 22,478.07 ± 2326.01 µM Trolox.100 g⁻¹, an EC₅₀ of 7.75 ± 0.64 mg.mL⁻¹, 67.94 ± 7.59 % inhibition, 2.72 ± 0.08 g ascorbic acid equivalents.100 g⁻¹, and 13,742.37 ± 1876.44 µM ferrous sulfate.100 g⁻¹. In conclusion, PF and SF represent promising sources of bioactive compounds, and the applied optimization strategy proved effective for maximizing phenolic extraction from lychee by-products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100543,"journal":{"name":"Food and Humanity","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 101049"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From waste to wealth: Innovating with food by-products","authors":"Sakshi Sinha ,&nbsp;Rishikesh Ratan ,&nbsp;Raktim Halder ,&nbsp;Naveen Chandrakar ,&nbsp;Mamoni Banerjee ,&nbsp;Gourav Dhar Bhowmick","doi":"10.1016/j.foohum.2026.101054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foohum.2026.101054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food by-products are a major, underutilised reservoir of nutrients and bioactive compounds, and inefficient management increases environmental burdens while forfeiting economic value; therefore, this review aims to synthesise recent advances across the valorisation pipeline by mapping key industrial side streams to compatible conversion technologies within integrated biorefinery concepts. Recent studies indicate that green extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis, and biotechnological transformations can deliver markedly higher recoveries than conventional solvent-based routes, with reported yield improvements of 16–112 % depending on feedstock–process pairing, while broader adoption is supported by a rapidly expanding valorisation market. Furthermore, the global market for food waste valorisation is projected to grow significantly, reaching an estimated USD 132.2 billion by 2034. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA) are consolidated as decision frameworks for selecting scalable pathways and aligning process outcomes with consumer acceptance. Artificial intelligence–enabled process analytical technology is highlighted for robust, real-time monitoring and optimisation that can outperform static control strategies under variable inputs. New aspects and challenges discussed include how feedstock compositional variability destabilises yields and product quality, how stabilisation steps can dominate energy and environmental burdens, and how food-grade translation is constrained by contaminant risks, regulatory evidence requirements, limited real-time data infrastructure, and downstream purification bottlenecks such as membrane fouling and permeability–selectivity trade-offs that weaken scale-up and cross-study LCA/TEA comparability. Overall, this review provides a streamlined blueprint for converting biological waste into reliable, market-ready products that advance circular bioeconomy objectives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100543,"journal":{"name":"Food and Humanity","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 101054"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black rice and its therapeutic potential: A Southeast Asian perspective on functional phytochemicals","authors":"Nur Sakinah George ,&nbsp;Gilbert Ringgit ,&nbsp;Shafiquzzaman Siddiquee ,&nbsp;Noor Atiqah Aizan Abdul Kadir","doi":"10.1016/j.foohum.2026.101048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foohum.2026.101048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Malaysia's recent National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS 2023), noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity are on the rise, putting a burden on healthcare systems. Even though synthetic drugs are still the primary treatment, long-term use can be expensive, have negative side effects, and reduce patient compliance. These limitations sparked an increased interest in food-derived alternatives as safer prevention and management aids. Rice (<em>Oryza sativa L</em>.), a dietary staple in Southeast Asian, has gained attention, particularly black rice, that rich in anthocyanins and diverse bioactive compounds. Because of its cultural significance and nutritional worth, it is a good option for the development of functional foods. Through the suppression of reactive oxygen species and the enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activity, anthocyanin-rich black rice able to reduce oxidative stress, cholesterol, triglycerides and increased HDL (p &lt; 0.05) compared to rats fed with atherogenic diet group. Human evidence, though limited, includes a randomized trial in obese postmenopausal women showing that 12 weeks of black rice extract supplementation reduced total and trunk fat mass (p &lt; 0.05). Nonetheless, there is still a lack of scientific data regarding local black rice cultivars, highlighting the necessity of a methodical assessment in the Southeast Asian context. With the goal of establishing local black rice as a natural dietary intervention for sustainability, food systems, and health, this review attempts to compile research on the phytochemical profile and therapeutic potential of the grain, which supports biodiversity, food security, and sustainable agriculture, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100543,"journal":{"name":"Food and Humanity","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 101048"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of pre-salting of reconstituted skim milk on rennet gel formation and structural properties","authors":"Joseph F. Kayihura ,&nbsp;Marc Antoine Ndisanze ,&nbsp;Endy Triyannanto","doi":"10.1016/j.foohum.2026.101018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foohum.2026.101018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study examined the renneting behaviour of reconstituted skim milk pre-salted at levels relevant to Domiati-style cheese-making (up to 3 M, NaCl) using dynamic rheometry, dynamic light scattering and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. The aim was to reveal some fundamental reasons for the impairment of rennet gel structural formation. Gelation rate improved slightly at 0.1 M (rennet coagulation time (RCT) of 7 min vs 9 min at 0 M), then decreased as pre-salting levels increased (RCT &gt; 60 min at 2.7 and 3 M). The storage modulus, loss tangent and complex viscosity of gels formed at pre-salting levels ≤ 0.9 M were strain- and frequency-dependent. Gels returned to liquid-like states at frequencies between 15 and 35 Hz depending on their strengths (0.1 &gt; 0.3 &gt; 0 &gt; 0.9). At 2.7 and 3 M, milk still behaved as a liquid 60 min after rennet addition and was characterised by lower charge density, larger protein complexes and slower micellar diffusivity than at levels ≤ 0.9 M. Moreover, the principal component analysis clearly discriminated and correlated various protein secondary structures with pre-salting levels. Renneted samples with &lt; 0.9 M correlated mainly with intramolecular β-sheets and random coils whereas those with extremely high salt correlated with α-helices, aggregated β-sheets, side chains and β-turns structures. Findings demonstrate that pre-salting of milk can alter the secondary structures of proteins and induce micellar restructuring, thus, could suggest impediment to potent casein interactions as the reason for inhibited gelation although this correlation remains to be unravelled.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100543,"journal":{"name":"Food and Humanity","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 101018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction efficiency of ethanol and minor component recovery from soybean collets","authors":"Noely Otero ,&nbsp;Agustín Benestante ,&nbsp;Amalia A. Carelli ,&nbsp;Erica R. Baümler ,&nbsp;María E. Carrín","doi":"10.1016/j.foohum.2026.101030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foohum.2026.101030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extraction efficiency of ethanol and hexane and the corresponding minor compound recovery from soybean collets were compared. The ethanolic extract was fractionated into an hexane-rich phase soluble (HSM)—oil—and insoluble material (HIM). Both solvents demonstrated effective extraction. Hexane showed faster extraction kinetics, characterized by a significant washing stage; however, ethanolic HSM diffusion coefficient was higher due to simultaneous extraction of lipidic material and structural components, enhancing diffusion mass transfer. The total tocol recovery in ethanolic HSM was achieved ten times earlier than with hexane. Moreover, HIM was mainly composed of carbohydrates and phospholipids, following an advantageous compound distribution compared to that of a commercial lecithin. This work highlights the ethanol ability to extract valuable materials from soybean collets, demonstrating its potential as a sustainable alternative to hexane in industrial oil extraction processes while simultaneously recovering non-lipidic compounds, providing key insights into chemical composition not typically reported.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100543,"journal":{"name":"Food and Humanity","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 101030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating nutrition information and marketing strategies of packaged food products in the Tanzanian market","authors":"Lilian Daniel Kaale ,&nbsp;Joyce Ngegba ,&nbsp;Alice S. Khan ,&nbsp;Elizabeth C. Swart ,&nbsp;Patrick Codjia ,&nbsp;Hawa Msola ,&nbsp;Agnes Erzse ,&nbsp;Tamryn Frank","doi":"10.1016/j.foohum.2025.100981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foohum.2025.100981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tanzania faces a complex nutrition challenge, with rising rates of malnutrition and nutrition-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). A significant driver of this trend is the growing availability of ultra-processed packaged foods, which are often high in unhealthy ingredients, poorly labeled, and aggressively marketed. This lack of transparency makes it incredibly difficult for consumers to make healthy choices. This cross-sectional study analysed 5243 packaged foods from 19 purposively selected retail outlets in Dar es Salaam, Arusha, and Zanzibar. Twenty-eight percent of the products assessed lack a nutrition information panel or ingredients list. The vast majority of items, over 82 % were classified as ultra-processed, and over 90 % contained at least one nutrient of concern, such as high levels of fat, sugar, or sodium. The research also highlighted the pervasive use of on-package marketing, which was present on 87 % of products and often targeted children. These findings reveal significant weaknesses in Tanzania's current food regulations. Urgent policy interventions are needed to standardize and improve nutrition labeling, implement clear and easy-to-read front-of-package labels, and restrict marketing practices, especially those aimed at children. Such measures, guided by an evidence-based nutrient profile model, are critical for promoting a healthier food environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100543,"journal":{"name":"Food and Humanity","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100981"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and psychometric validation of the Food Safety Attitude Scale (FSAS-18): A multifactorial tool for the adult population","authors":"Md. Shajadul Islam ,&nbsp;Md Bony Amin ,&nbsp;Md Shafiqul Islam Khan ,&nbsp;Fardana Binte Zaman ,&nbsp;Mahmudul Hasan ,&nbsp;Mst. Afiya Abida Mitu ,&nbsp;Tahmid Ahmad ,&nbsp;Faiaz Morshed Khan Jilan ,&nbsp;Sanjarah Tamim ,&nbsp;Kazi Rafiq","doi":"10.1016/j.foohum.2025.100968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foohum.2025.100968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>According to the World Health Organization, a substantial number of illnesses and deaths worldwide are caused by foodborne hazards, with attitudes toward food safety playing a crucial role. However, the absence of a multi-dimensional, validated food safety attitude scale has resulted in inconsistent findings across studies.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>We aim to develop a multifactorial Food Safety Attitude Scale (FSAS-18) for a diverse adult population and validate the psychometric properties.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted using non-probability sampling. A total of 1652 respondents were included and split into halves for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (mean age: 30.34, SD: 12.04, female: 51.1 %), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (mean age: 31.24, SD: 12.42, female: 52.8 %). Descriptive analysis was performed to provide overview of the data, while inferential statistics, including EFA and CFA, were used to develop and validate the scale.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>The FSAS-18 comprises 18 items across three highly correlated factors: <em>Smart Hygiene &amp; SafeFood</em> (8 items), <em>Protective Handling</em> (5 items), and <em>Foodborne Awareness</em> (5 items). Item loadings ranged from 0.364 to 0.909 in EFA, and from 0.709 to 0.879 in CFA. Cronbach’s alpha for overall scale demonstrated robust consistency in both the EFA (α: 0.941), and CFA (α: 0.938) datasets. The CFA indices indicated a good model fit (GFI, CFI, TLI, and AGFI&gt; 0.90; RMSEA, SRMR &lt;0.08). A gender invariance test confirmed stability across male and female (∆ RMSEA &lt;0.015, and ∆SRMR &lt;0.030). Additionally, the FSAS-18 showed significant positive association with food safety knowledge (<em>r</em> = 0.073), supporting its concurrent validity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The FSAS-18 has proven to be a reliable and valid scale, contributing to the standardization of measuring attitudes toward food safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100543,"journal":{"name":"Food and Humanity","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100968"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}