FlexMat Pub Date : 2026-03-27 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1002/flm2.70035

Bo Sun, Lin Lu, Jialin Meng, Tianyu Wang

引用次数: 0

A trade-off between efficiency and stability in a class of sky-blue organic light-emitting diodes 一类天蓝色有机发光二极管在效率和稳定性之间的权衡

FlexMat Pub Date : 2026-03-27 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1002/flm2.70036

Eglė Tankelevičiūtė, Sandra Jenatsch, Beat Ruhstaller, Eli Zysman-Colman, Ifor D. W. Samuel

{"title":"A trade-off between efficiency and stability in a class of sky-blue organic light-emitting diodes","authors":"Eglė Tankelevičiūtė, Sandra Jenatsch, Beat Ruhstaller, Eli Zysman-Colman, Ifor D. W. Samuel","doi":"10.1002/flm2.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/flm2.70036","url":null,"abstract":"The stability of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is a key requirement for their use in commercial displays. One approach to increase the performance of the blue subpixel is to use thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters, which combine a small singlet-triplet gap, ΔEST, and non-trivial spin-orbit coupling to enable the harvesting of both singlet and triplet excitons to produce light; however, device stability is compromised due to long triplet lifetimes that increase the probability of the degradation of materials by biexcitonic and polaron events. In this work, we correlate the efficiency and stability of the device with the device structure, identifying possible origins for the trade-off between device efficiency and stability. By comparing a set of sky-blue emissive devices and fitting drift-diffusion simulations to intermittent optoelectronic measurements during stress-testing, the layers most affected by degradation can be determined. By coupling electrical simulations to an excitonic model, the contributions from biexcitonic and polaronic events to efficiency roll-off can be distinguished. We find that efficient but less stable devices suffer mainly from exciton-exciton annihilation, while stable but less efficient devices have excitons predominantly quenched by polarons. This implies that the device structure is responsible for determining non-radiative exciton pathways, and an efficient and stable OLED structure should aim to minimize exciton accumulation at high brightness.","PeriodicalId":100533,"journal":{"name":"FlexMat","volume":"3 1","pages":"20-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/flm2.70036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147615401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Amino-functionalized lanthanide metal-organic frameworks encapsulating boron-doped graphene quantum dots: A paper based fluorescent sensor to visual detection of salicylic acid 包覆掺杂硼的石墨烯量子点的氨基功能化镧系金属有机框架：用于水杨酸视觉检测的纸质荧光传感器

FlexMat Pub Date : 2026-03-27 Epub Date: 2026-01-04 DOI: 10.1002/flm2.70031

Wenkai Yu, Hui Jiang, Aoyun Li, Zhanchuang Lu, Shanchao Song, Fanghai Liu, Lei Chen, Bingyan Qu

{"title":"Amino-functionalized lanthanide metal-organic frameworks encapsulating boron-doped graphene quantum dots: A paper based fluorescent sensor to visual detection of salicylic acid","authors":"Wenkai Yu, Hui Jiang, Aoyun Li, Zhanchuang Lu, Shanchao Song, Fanghai Liu, Lei Chen, Bingyan Qu","doi":"10.1002/flm2.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/flm2.70031","url":null,"abstract":"Salicylic acid (SA), a widely distributed environmental pollutant, requires accurate detection for effective water quality monitoring and ecological protection. In this work, we developed a highly sensitive fluorescent sensor by encapsulating boron-doped graphene quantum dots (B-GQDs) within amino-functionalized lanthanum-based metal-organic frameworks (NH2-La-MOFs). Upon 365 nm excitation, the composite exhibits strong blue emission peaking at 430 nm, which is significantly quenched and red-shifted to 560 nm as the SA concentration increases to 50 μM. This spectral shift is accompanied by a distinct color change visible to the naked eye, enabling intuitive visual detection. The quenching mechanism is attributed to static interactions and a reduction in the excited-state bandgap. Spherical aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (Cs-STEM) confirms the uniform distribution of B-GQDs within the NH2-La-MOFs matrix. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking greatly enhance SA adsorption, which is consistent with the observed Zeta potential shift from −2.90 mV to −17.6 mV, indicating enhanced surface charge density and improved SA binding affinity. Selectivity tests demonstrate that the quenching efficiency (I50/I40 ≈ 0.15) remains stable even in the presence of 10 μM common interfering species such as Na+, K+, Mg2+, glucose, and alanine, indicating excellent anti-interference performance. By adopting the strategy of metal-organic frameworks coupled with boron-doped graphene quantum dots, this work provides a robust, portable, paper-based, flexible fluorescent sensor for efficient visual detection of salicylic acid in environmental applications.","PeriodicalId":100533,"journal":{"name":"FlexMat","volume":"3 1","pages":"55-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/flm2.70031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147614899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inner Front cover 内前盖

FlexMat Pub Date : 2026-03-27 DOI: 10.1002/flm2.70062

引用次数: 0

Low-threshold FAPbBr3 lasers based on a dual-additive strategy 基于双加性策略的低阈值FAPbBr3激光器

FlexMat Pub Date : 2026-03-27 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1002/flm2.70037

Jingya Lai, Xinyu Huang, Yujing Wang, Chengcheng Wang, Jinfeng Yu, Runqin Lu, Zhiyuan Kuang, Kang Tian, Chao Ma, Wei Huang, Jianpu Wang, Qiming Peng

{"title":"Low-threshold FAPbBr3 lasers based on a dual-additive strategy","authors":"Jingya Lai, Xinyu Huang, Yujing Wang, Chengcheng Wang, Jinfeng Yu, Runqin Lu, Zhiyuan Kuang, Kang Tian, Chao Ma, Wei Huang, Jianpu Wang, Qiming Peng","doi":"10.1002/flm2.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/flm2.70037","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving low-threshold lasing in formamidinium (FA)-based perovskite films remains challenging due to difficulties in controlling their crystallization. In this study, we introduce a dual-additive strategy utilizing zinc acetate (Zn(Ac)2) and 5-aminovaleric acid (5-AVA) to modulate the crystallization process of FA-based perovskite films. The synergistic effect of these additives enables the formation of smooth and dense FAPbBr3 films with a low surface roughness of 1.36 nm and a high photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE) of 63.6%. Based on these high-quality films, we demonstrate amplified spontaneous emission with a threshold as low as 26 μJ/cm2. Moreover, by integrating the perovskite films with distributed feedback gratings, we achieve perovskite lasing with a record-low threshold of 15.5 μJ/cm2 under nanosecond-pulsed optical excitation at room temperature. This work offers valuable insights into the fabrication of high-quality FA-based perovskite films and represents a significant step toward the development of high-performance perovskite laser devices.","PeriodicalId":100533,"journal":{"name":"FlexMat","volume":"3 1","pages":"71-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/flm2.70037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147615432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conformal shape‐adaptive wireless charging supercapacitors for wearable devices 可穿戴设备的保形自适应无线充电超级电容器

FlexMat Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1002/flm2.70018

Yihang Cao, Zhenjiang You, Xueqing Chen, Shujiao Chen, Y Zhang, Xuan Zhang, Yuzhe Chen, Miranda Wang, Shujuan Liu, Weiwei Zhao, Qiang Zhao

{"title":"Conformal shape‐adaptive wireless charging supercapacitors for wearable devices","authors":"Yihang Cao, Zhenjiang You, Xueqing Chen, Shujiao Chen, Y Zhang, Xuan Zhang, Yuzhe Chen, Miranda Wang, Shujuan Liu, Weiwei Zhao, Qiang Zhao","doi":"10.1002/flm2.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/flm2.70018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Flexible wireless charging energy storage devices enable simultaneous energy harvesting and storage in a fully untethered manner, offering promising solutions for next‐generation wearable electronics. Herein, we develop a conformal and shape‐adaptive all‐MXene‐printed flexible wireless charging supercapacitor on an ultra‐thin polyethylene (PE) substrate. The device seamlessly integrates wireless charging coils (WCCs) and micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) via high‐precision direct ink writing, enabling dynamic deformation and intimate contact with arbitrarily curved surfaces without compromising electrical performance. The unique circuit architecture achieves a wireless power transfer efficiency of 57.1%. The MSCs deliver an areal capacitance of 66.18 mF cm −2 at 0.1 mA cm −2 and a high energy density of 29.7 μWh cm −2 at a power density of 70 μW cm −2 . After only 6 min of wireless charging, the integrated device outputs 1.51 mW of power‐sufficient to illuminate an LED. The conformal shape‐adaptive design not only enhances mechanical adaptability and user comfort in wearable systems but also ensures reliable energy storage under real‐world deformation scenarios. This work provides a versatile platform for the design of multifunctional, seamlessly integrated, and self‐powered energy modules tailored for future wearable electronics.","PeriodicalId":100533,"journal":{"name":"FlexMat","volume":"2 4","pages":"618-629"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/flm2.70018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147899601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Advancements in flexible memristors for neuromorphic computing: Materials, mechanisms, and applications in synaptic emulation 用于神经形态计算的柔性记忆电阻器的进展：材料、机制和在突触模拟中的应用

FlexMat Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1002/flm2.70012

Weiwei Li, Chunbo Duan, Ying Wei, Hui Xu

{"title":"Advancements in flexible memristors for neuromorphic computing: Materials, mechanisms, and applications in synaptic emulation","authors":"Weiwei Li, Chunbo Duan, Ying Wei, Hui Xu","doi":"10.1002/flm2.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/flm2.70012","url":null,"abstract":"The brain orchestrates complex physiological processes through intricate neural networks, with synapses serving as the fundamental units for inter-neuronal communication and ensuring the efficient functioning of these networks. Consequently, the development of devices capable of emulating synaptic functions represents a crucial avenue for advancing our understanding of neural networks. Among these devices, memristors have emerged as a promising candidate. Recognized as the fourth fundamental passive circuit element, memristors exhibit distinctive nonlinear memory characteristics. Their resistance values dynamically adjust in response to variations in the charge flowing through them and, importantly, retain these modified states even after power disconnection. These unique properties render memristors particularly suitable for emulating synaptic functions in neural systems. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in material selection and resistive switching mechanisms for flexible memristors, highlighting their applications in the construction of artificial neural networks. Furthermore, we discuss the feasibility of implementing neural networks using memristor-based architectures, while also addressing the current challenges that need to be overcome. Finally, we outline the development prospects and ongoing challenges in this rapidly evolving field.","PeriodicalId":100533,"journal":{"name":"FlexMat","volume":"2 3","pages":"390-419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/flm2.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145385157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conformal electronics: Materials, fabrication, and emerging applications 保形电子学：材料、制造和新兴应用

FlexMat Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1002/flm2.70010

Jiayu Pan, Wenbin Zhao, Yukai Zhou, Jing Wu, Wen Cheng, Yi Shi, Lijia Pan

引用次数: 0

Bioinspired flexible photonic sensing chips for wearable multiparameter monitoring 用于可穿戴多参数监测的仿生柔性光子传感芯片

FlexMat Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1002/flm2.70007

Yunqi Lin, Yuezhong Huang, Tianyue Wang, Songhua Cai, Yujie Wu, Lihua Li, Zhongmin Yang, Jiewei Chen

{"title":"Bioinspired flexible photonic sensing chips for wearable multiparameter monitoring","authors":"Yunqi Lin, Yuezhong Huang, Tianyue Wang, Songhua Cai, Yujie Wu, Lihua Li, Zhongmin Yang, Jiewei Chen","doi":"10.1002/flm2.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/flm2.70007","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible photonic sensing chips (FPSCs) have emerged as a promising class of devices that integrate optical sensing capabilities with mechanically compliant materials, offering unique advantages such as stretchability, biocompatibility, and electromagnetic interference resistance. These features make them particularly suitable for next-generation wearable technologies aimed at continuous, non-invasive multiparameter health monitoring. In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in material engineering, device architecture, and fabrication techniques, enabling flexible photonic chips to achieve high sensitivity, low detection limits, and robust performance under mechanical deformation. Notably, bioinspired design strategies - mimicking the structural and functional characteristics of biological visual and tactile systems - have been increasingly employed to enhance sensing precision and environmental adaptability. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles, materials, and manufacturing processes of FPSCs, followed by an in-depth discussion of their applications in wearable and implantable health monitoring systems.","PeriodicalId":100533,"journal":{"name":"FlexMat","volume":"2 3","pages":"365-389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/flm2.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145385104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-color-quality phosphorescent white organic light-emitting diodes utilizing broad-spectrum yellow emitters 利用广谱黄色发光体的高色质磷光白色有机发光二极管

FlexMat Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1002/flm2.70009

Xueting Jiao, Yueqi Wang, Rongze Zhu, Yuwei Chen, Jiajun Pan, Zhenzhong Lu, Xiao-Chun Hang, Zhengyi Sun, Wei Huang

{"title":"High-color-quality phosphorescent white organic light-emitting diodes utilizing broad-spectrum yellow emitters","authors":"Xueting Jiao, Yueqi Wang, Rongze Zhu, Yuwei Chen, Jiajun Pan, Zhenzhong Lu, Xiao-Chun Hang, Zhengyi Sun, Wei Huang","doi":"10.1002/flm2.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/flm2.70009","url":null,"abstract":"Lighting sources resembling sunlight with less blue hazards are desirable in today's world. Herein, we present a strategy for constructing low-energy white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) consisting of blue and yellow emissive layers (EMLs). Two new Pt (II) complexes, PtA-Y and PtB-Y, were developed as super broad-spectrum yellow emitters featuring dual-emission bands. The yellow OLEDs incorporating the broad-spectrum emitter were adjusted to fully cover the region from green to deep red with the full-width of half maximums over 150 nm. By adding the complementary blue EML, WOLEDs achieved a high color-rendering index of 95 at a correlated color temperature of 3767 K with less blue but more deep red emission, minimal color shift with the Commission Internationale de l’Elcairage coordinates shift CIE(Δx, Δy) of (0.008, 0.001) in the luminance range of 178∼1168 cd m−2, and long device operational half lifetimes over a hundred hours at 1000 cd m−2. The strategy of constituting high-color-quality WOLEDs demonstrated here may assist the development of healthy lighting sources, feasibly having healing functions of flexible profile in the future.","PeriodicalId":100533,"journal":{"name":"FlexMat","volume":"2 3","pages":"442-451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/flm2.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145385044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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