e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy最新文献

{"title":"Measurement analysis of fuel cell system and fuel cell vehicle: A review on aspects of requirements and technologies","authors":"Fang Peng ,&nbsp;Shixin Shi ,&nbsp;Haoran Feng ,&nbsp;Fangping Ma ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Xing ,&nbsp;Pengfeng Lin ,&nbsp;Jun e Zhu ,&nbsp;Caizhi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transportation industry contributes great issues of global energy and environment, while the large-scale operation of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCV) in the world would be promoted to alleviate this problem. The increase in the number of hydrogen vehicles also requires comprehensive test to regulate the industry. Based on the current development status and prospects of FCV, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the FCV industrial chain at beginning, including the key materials and components of fuel cell, vehicle system and its application in transportation industry. Then, to meet the R &amp; D and transformation of the enterprise industry, the test parameters are proposed according to industrial chain. In addition, the problems in the measurement test field are pointed out. Finally, the requirements of measurement equipment development and methods, measurement technology innovation in key common technology fields, and major measurement and testing technology for industrial development are summarized. The research of this study is to lay the foundation for the future measurement test and technology industry of FCV, and to help the development of measurement technology service key industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100969"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clustering with dynamic route adjustment and fuzzy based update cycle in wireless sensor networks with sink mobility","authors":"Asif Khan ,&nbsp;Mohammad Amjad","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dynamic clustering is always regarded as a useful strategy in wireless sensor networks (WSN) to balance the energy dissipation of network nodes. However, the sensor nodes are burdened and lose power as a result of the message exchange required for recurrent clustering in order to change the role of the cluster head. In this paper, a clustering scheme for WSN with mobile sink is presented that minimizes message exchanges and clustering cost. In this paper we consider a virtual grid structure in the network area or sensor field. The field is divided into a number of cells that behave as clusters of uniform size. Cluster heads create a virtual backbone network and mobile sink moves at a relatively optimal predefined path inside the network. Dynamic routes re-adjustment cost incurred by sink mobility is minimized by virtual backbone network. Reduced re-adjustment cost save the energy of the cluster heads. This scheme effectively schedules the clustering task by calculating the update cycle with the help of fuzzy inference system. Next Update cycle is decided with the help of residual energy of nodes, average sensed data rate and the distance of cluster head from the mobile sink. Fuzzy inference system selects optimal length of update cycle and save the energy used for recurrent dynamic clustering and cluster head selection. The proposed scheme improves the lifetime of sensor network.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100971"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic analysis and investigations on different coil structures with misalignments for WPT system","authors":"B. Annaselvaraj,&nbsp;P. Srinivasa Rao Nayak,&nbsp;K. Sundareswaran,&nbsp;Sishaj P. Simon","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wireless power transfer (WPT) has gained popularity in the recent days for charging of various portable electronic gadgets such as robotic vacuum cleaners, pacemakers and also mobile phones. WPT is also largely employed for charging of electric vehicles. For a WPT system, two major components are transmitter and receiver which are mutually coupled together for power transfer. Here, the transmitter coil is positioned statically while the receiver coil is placed in the electronic gadget or in the electric vehicle. The structures of coupling coils are generally of circular, square and rectangular arrangements. The transmitter and receiver coils could be ideally completely aligned or misaligned depending upon the designed structures. The mutual inductance (MI) between the transmitter and receiver coils is a vital parameter which decides the wireless power transfer efficiency and for different coil structures. Hence, this parameter needed to be investigated for different coil structures with and without perfect alignment. This paper makes an attempt to compute the MI for different coil structures with and without perfect alignments employing Finite Element Method (FEM). For comparison, a prototype system was developed in the laboratory and the computed MI values are compared with measured values and there is a good correspondence between the two are observed. Further, the MI is measured for different arrangements and presented in this paper. It is observed that the MI of WPT system decreases with displacement between the two coils as well as the quantum of misalignment. Furthermore, square coil arrangement with perfect and various misalignment leads to higher MI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100959"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic design of electric vehicle charging stations within power distribution networks","authors":"Amit Kumar ,&nbsp;Priyanka Raturi Semwal","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the optimal placement and distribution of EV charging stations, they must be integrated within the power distribution network more effectively. Several parameters are taken into account as part of this process, such as proximity to load centers, capacity of the power system, and traffic volume. The common charging station location distant from the load centers has been established to enhance the quality of power and reduce 5–10 % of distribution losses. Additionally, site location should also include the area land cost and this cost in the urban area is estimated to be about $500 to $2000 per square meter and other zoning regulations. In the design, the service radius of charging stations is also an important factor; Keeping the battery's DOD between 50 % and 70 % yields an estimated driving range of 150–200 km, which suggests a distance between stations of 50–70 km. In this case, the discount rate of 5 % can be adopted for O&amp;M costs over the planning horizon of 20 years while the capital costs of provision of each station varies from $ 50,000 to $ 200,000 depending on the size of the station. The establishment of a large network for charging the EVs will enhance the power balance of the system thus reducing power losses whilst increasing the penetration of electric vehicles by integrating these numerical aspects together with technology and environmental considerations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100965"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robustness and generalisation study of a new regression-based neural network method for capacitors in power electronics","authors":"Christian Vorobev,&nbsp;Daniel Vahle,&nbsp;Volker Staudt","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing prevalence of modular multilevel converters (MMC) in various electrical engineering applications necessitates effective strategies for ensuring the robustness and reliability of key components such as capacitors. Existing data-driven capacitor lifetime estimation methods for MMC sub-module capacitors that avoid control modification, additional circuits or expert knowledge predominantly rely on machine learning, which is well applicable in theory, but practically require a significant amount of training data, which results in a lack of flexibility necessary for practical applications, where generation of large amounts of training data is difficult to attain. In order to reduce the amount of required labels to the lowest possible, a regression-based neural network approach is proposed that generates estimations for a capacitance degradation indicator on a continuous range. The model is, in contrast to similar neural network-based methods, trained using data with only two distinct labels - a factory condition and a faulty condition, greatly simplifying set-up while avoiding use of expert-knowledge or parameterisation. The novel extrapolation scheme estimates continuous capacitance values not present in the training data by combining regression with additional statistical signal processing. This generalisation performance of this approach is validated using measurement data of an MMC test bench to predict a large range of DC-link capacitance values which were not present in training data. The results show an extended generalising capability at minimal amounts of training data, which can serve as a potential basis for future developments in preventive maintenance and increase operational effectiveness in large-scale converters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100956"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A CMOS 180 nm digitally adaptable bandgap voltage reference with integrated 7-bits voltage configurator for 5G wireless communication system","authors":"Nishant Kumaran ,&nbsp;Selvakumar Mariappan ,&nbsp;Jagadheswaran Rajendran ,&nbsp;Selvarajah Krishnarajoo ,&nbsp;Norhamizah Idros ,&nbsp;Narendra Kumar ,&nbsp;Asrulnizam A. Manaf","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes an adaptable bandgap voltage reference (BGR) with a 7-bits voltage configurator (7BVC) for 5G wireless communication integrated circuits. The 7BVC-BGR is designed and fabricated in a CMOS 180 nm process. The core BGR is integrated with 2-stage operational amplifiers (op-amp), buffers, and 7-bits digital switches. The 7BVC configures a set of current addition bits (A₃-A₀) and current subtraction bits (S₂-S₀) that control the total current flow into the load resistor. By controlling the seven digital bits, the 7BVC is capable of generating 128 states of voltage references (V_REF), in which 92 states are optimum in its temperature coefficient (TC) and line regulation (LR). Supplied with a voltage headroom of 3.3 V, the 92 usable states provide a measured V_REF that varies from 0.34 to 1.52 V. The TC and LR achieved by the varying V_REF are 2.51 to 15.86 ppm/°C and 0.0089 to 0.0289 %/V, respectively. The power-supply-rejection-ratio (PSRR) achieved varies from -83.1 to -95.1 dB. The noise performance at 100 Hz varies from 4.9 to 19.8 µV/√Hz across the V_REF configured. Also, the 7BVC-BGR can be reconfigured to improve the temperature coefficient (TC) by performing curvature correction and minimizing the V_REF variations between samples. The 7BVC can be adjusted with various digital bit configurations to accommodate variations in TC and V_REF values across samples. The proposed 7BVC-BGR exhibits consistent and reliable performance throughout testing and validation, placing it at the same level as the most advanced BGRs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100966"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the evolution of internal resistance and entropy-thermal coefficients during the aging process of lithium-ion traction batteries","authors":"Tianyi Ma ,&nbsp;Zhipeng Sun ,&nbsp;Ce Han ,&nbsp;Yingzhou Wang ,&nbsp;Baoqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Liduo Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoqian Dai ,&nbsp;Shijie Zhang ,&nbsp;Shaopeng Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relationship between internal resistance and entropy-thermal coefficients significantly influences the thermal behavior and performance of traction batteries. This study systematically investigates four types of traction batteries under varying state of charge (SOC) (0 %–100 %) and temperature conditions (–20 °C to 55 °C), analyzing their entropy-thermal coefficients and internal resistance variations. Experimental results reveal that entropy-thermal coefficients exhibit non-linear changes with SOC, where values range from –1.2 mV/K to 2.8 mV/K, directly impacting heat generation. Additionally, internal resistance varies significantly with SOC and temperature, increasing by over 300 % in low-temperature conditions compared to room temperature. These findings highlight the necessity of adaptive thermal management strategies considering both internal resistance and entropy-thermal coefficients, provide new insights for optimizing battery thermal behavior and lifespan by integrating dynamic entropy-thermal models into battery management systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100962"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of triple-diode based generalized model of photovoltaic module","authors":"Harish Kumar Khyani,&nbsp;Jayashri Vajpai","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing large-scale penetration of solar power plants into electric grids mandates accurate modeling of the photovoltaic modules with consideration of varying environmental conditions, resulting in the development of a large variety of models at photovoltaic cell, module and array levels.</div><div>A novel, scalable triple-diode based equivalent circuit model has been proposed in this paper and implemented on MATLAB/Simulink. This generalized model has the flexibility of representing double and single-diode models, with nine or lesser design parameters, by considering (or neglecting) recombination and diffusion losses, and representing different materials by corresponding values of band gap energy through a customized dialog box. Thus, this generalized model facilitates the implementation of nine different models and has the scalability for representing different photovoltaic plant ratings and flexibility of selecting different photovoltaic materials.</div><div>In order to validate the performance of proposed model, a well-known, commercial photovoltaic module has been simulated. The simualtion results validated by comparison with the results reported in the published literature by the most widely referred practical models. The results obtained from all nine variants of the proposed model are at least in close agreement or better than other referred models, when compared at remarkable points with the manufacturer data sheets under standard test conditions, with modeling errors ranging from 0.2 to 7.31%</div><div>The scalability of the proposed generalized model is depicted by modeling a 100kW photovoltaic array and validated through practical application of the single diode model to analyze the effect of rise of ambient temperature up to 50 °C, representing hot climatic condition of the site of experimentation, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. The simulation results show that rise in temperature causes significant drop in output voltage in comparison with rise of current of photovoltaic array. Hence, the average output power reduces by 13.26% at maximum temperature. Thus, it is concluded that the proposed model is accurate, scalable and capable of correctly simulating the effect of rise of temperature on the performance of photovoltaic array.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100964"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of rotor asymmetries in induction motors: A steady state approach using rotating frame references","authors":"Francisco Vedreño Santos ,&nbsp;Lucia Frosini ,&nbsp;Daniel Moriñigo Sotelo","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The diagnostic of electrical machines is of paramount importance, particularly with the Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) method. MCSA stands out as a potent and non-intrusive tool for evaluating the condition of electric motors. This paper introduces an innovative approach for the diagnosis of rotor asymmetries, broken rotor bars, in induction machines operating in steady state directly fed from the grid, emphasising the decomposition of line currents within specific rotating frames. A novel methodology is proposed, and its results are meticulously compared with those obtained through the conventional Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) diagnostic technique. In particular, the newly introduced methodology exhibits enhanced sensitivity, surpassing the capabilities of conventional FFT. Additionally, the innovative approach is proven to be capable of quantifying the increase in fault harmonics in correlation with the load on the machine, aligning with the results observed through conventional FFT analysis. The findings strongly indicate that this pioneering technique offers a more robust and reliable means of diagnosing induction machines when compared to the traditional FFT method, by enhancing sensitivity and providing a nuanced understanding of fault harmonic variations with load changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100957"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two current feedback operational amplifier based grounded impedance multiplier circuit","authors":"Navnit Kumar ,&nbsp;Manjeet Kumar ,&nbsp;Neeta Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents Current Feedback Operational Amplifier (CFOA) based grounded impedance multiplier circuit. This circuit is designed using two CFOAs and three passive components. Suitable choice of passive components enables proposal to emulate grounded capacitance multiplier (GCM), grounded inductance multiplier (GIM), frequency dependent negative resistor (FDNR) and grounded resistance divider (GRD) circuit. The GCM circuit employs grounded capacitor, which is an attraction for integration process. It does not include resistor and capacitor at Z terminal and X terminal of CFOA respectively. Thus, theoretical plot of GCM circuit follows simulated plot up to four decades. Effect of parasitic components on operating frequency range of the proposed circuits is mathematically modelled. In addition, temperature sensitivity of the designed circuit is also examined. A Monte Carlo study is performed to analyse robustness of the proposal against variations in the passive components. To illustrate the applicability of the proposal, active filters and oscillator are constructed. SPICE simulations using macro-model of IC AD844/AD with ± 5 V supply voltage is included as proof of concept.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100960"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}