Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological最新文献

{"title":"Branchial Na+K+-ATPase inhibition in a freshwater euryhaline teleost, tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), during short-term exposure to toluene or naphthalene: Influence of salinity","authors":"Ajit D. Dangé","doi":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90037-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90037-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The inhibition of branchial Na⁺K⁺-ATPase activity in tilapia, <em>Oreochromis mossambicus</em>, during short-term exposure to toluene or naphthalene at their lethal concentrations was more extensive in salt water than in fresh water. This effect of salinity was seen in fish preacclimated to salt water of 35‰ S before the hydrocarbon exposure at the same salinity, as well as in freshwater acclimated fish exposed to the pollutants in salt water of 20‰ S. The pollution-stressed fish showed a reduced ability to increase the activity of this enzyme on subsequent transfer to salt water of 20‰ S. This greater enzyme inhibition in salt water probably contributed to the higher pollutant-induced mortality in these fish.</p><p>Significant (<em>p</em> &lt; 0·05) <em>in vitro</em> inhibition by a relatively high concentration of 10μM of toluene, or naphthalene, was observed in the enzyme activity from both freshwater- and saltwater-acclimated tilapia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100483,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological","volume":"42 3","pages":"Pages 273-286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-1471(86)90037-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86692284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The acute toxicity of three oil dispersants","authors":"E.O. Oyewo","doi":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90104-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90104-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Static bioassay tests were conducted with three oil dispersants at two salinities (32·0 ± 2 g litre⁻¹ and 16·0 ± g litre⁻¹) using fingerlings of the mullet <em>Mugil</em> sp. and hermit crabs <em>Clibinarius africanus</em> as test animals. The acute toxicity was estimated both by graphical interpolation and the approximate nomographic method of Litchfield &amp; Wilcoxon (1949) and is reported as the 24 h, 48 h and 96 h LC(1)₅₀ Lloyd &amp; Tooby, 1979) values. Conco-K was the most toxic, and BP 1,100X the least toxic, to the two test organisms at the two test salinities. Simple observations were made on the behavioural responses of the test animals. The rôle of acute toxicity data in ecological predictions is briefly discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100483,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 23-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-1471(86)90104-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87956153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fertilizers in UK farming","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90084-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-1471(86)90084-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100483,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological","volume":"40 2","pages":"Page 191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-1471(86)90084-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136937992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth response of four species of soil algae to monocrotophos and quinalphos","authors":"M. Megharaj,&nbsp;K. Venkateswarlu,&nbsp;A.S. Rao","doi":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90041-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90041-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Scenedesmus bijugatus</em>, a green alaga, and three blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria)—<em>Synechococcus elongatus, Nostoc linckia</em> and <em>Phormidium tenue</em>—all isolated from a black soil, were tested for their growth response to monocrotophos and quinalphos, using either cell number or chlorophyll a as toxicity criteria. Monocrotophos was significantly toxic above 20 μg ml⁻¹ to <em>S. bijugatus</em>, but enhanced the growth of <em>S. elongatus</em>, at all concentrations (5 to 100 μg ml⁻¹) tested. At 100 μg ml⁻¹, monocrotophos was toxic to <em>N. linckia</em> and, at 50 and 100 μg ml⁻¹, to <em>P. tenue</em>, but lower concentrations increased the growth of these two algae significantly. Quinalphos above 5 or 10 μg ml⁻¹ exhibited an algistatic effect <em>S. bijugatus, S. elongatus</em> and <em>N. linckia</em> and was algicidal to them at the higher concentrations. Quinalphos, however, resulted in a significant enhancement in the growth of <em>P. tenue</em> at all concentrations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100483,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological","volume":"42 1","pages":"Pages 15-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-1471(86)90041-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91401726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and partial purification of cadmium-binding components from fruiting bodies of Agaricus bisporus","authors":"J. Esser,&nbsp;H. Brunnert","doi":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90074-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90074-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cadmium speciation in the commercially important species <em>Agaricus bisporus</em> was investigated by comparing the binding of Cd in the cytosolic fractions obtained from fruiting bodies containing &lt; 1 and 70 mg Cd kg⁻¹ (dry weight). Three Cd-binding complexes which are constitutive were isolated and partially characterised. Gel filtration, ion exchange and affinity chromatography were used in the purification procedure. Metallothionein-like components were not detected.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100483,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological","volume":"41 3","pages":"Pages 263-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-1471(86)90074-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73869709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a controlled under-ice oil spill on invertebrates of an arctic and a subarctic stream","authors":"Michael C. Miller,&nbsp;James R. Stout,&nbsp;Vera Alexander","doi":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90001-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90001-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The short-term drift of macroinvertebrates is documented following two controlled oil spills placed under ice in aan arctic (Imnavait Creek) and subarctic (Poker-Caribou Creek) stream just as ice covered the water in early winter. No mortality was observed, but several species responded by differentially drifting from the oil-impacted areas during the following days. In the arctic stream, <em>Trichotanypus posticalis</em> (Diptera) showed a significant increase in drift for the first few days. There was also an overall increase in drift of total organisms post spill. <em>Phaenospsectra</em> sp. 1, the numerical dominant, decreased its nocturnal drifting compared with the upstream control station in the 5 days post spill. In the subarctic stream, <em>Skwala</em> sp. 1 (Plecoptera), <em>Prosimulium</em> sp. 1 (Simulidae) and <em>Pseudo-diamesa</em> sp. 1 showed significant increase in drift post spill. Among the species of benthic invertebrates sampled with a Hess sampler (WILDCO, Saginaw, Mich.), only the density of <em>Nemoura</em> sp. 1 declined significantly post spill. Polar ordinations using per cent difference showed that the oil-treated stations separated from the control stations in both the drift and the Hess bottom samples. Colonisation of artificial substrates in Imnavait Creek during the winter following the spill was almost non-existent. In Poker-Caribou Creek much colonisation took place over the winter with significantly more occurring on unoiled rocks as compared with oiled rocks.</p><p>Trapped under a layer of ice, the oil injected should have had a reduced rate loss of the volatile, toxic aromatic components, exposing the invertebrates to them for a longer period of time, albeit at a cold temperature. The cold temperature lowered the body metabolism, thus reducing the effect of soluble oil fractions on invertebrates. In addition, the large-sized, over-wintering instars present had a low surface area per unit volume, which reduced absorption of volatiles, reducing the probability of any massive mortality. Key species in each system began drifting, presumbly as a behavioural response to the oil, compared with upstream control sites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100483,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological","volume":"42 2","pages":"Pages 99-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-1471(86)90001-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84480994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-fluoride relationships","authors":"F. Moriarty","doi":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90022-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90022-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100483,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological","volume":"42 4","pages":"Page 387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-1471(86)90022-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82652859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of metal particles from a nickel refinery dump on alveolar macrophages. Part 2—environmental exposure of rabbits","authors":"E. Reichrtová,&nbsp;Ľ. Takáč,&nbsp;Z. Kováčiková","doi":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90077-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90077-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A group of New Zealand rabbits was exposed to environmental metal pollutants for 6 months via the respiratory route at the biomonitoring station near a nickel refinery dump. The count of alveolar macrophages (AM) and the lysosomal enzyme activities (acid phosphatase and β-glucuronidase) were significant reduction was found in the antibody-mediated rosette formation by AM in the exposed rabbits. In the <em>in vitro</em> system a dose-dependent inhibition of Fc receptor activity was detected in rabbit AM pretreated with a metal particle suspension at three concentrations (200, 400 and 600 μg ml⁻¹). The inhibitory effect of metal particle ingestion on the AM plasma membrane Fc receptor activity revealed the possible adverse effect of long-term exposure in a polluted area on the immune function of alveolar macrophages. Antibody-mediated rosette formation by AM may be a suitable assay for risk assessment of toxic pollutants in the ambient air.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100483,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological","volume":"40 2","pages":"Pages 101-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-1471(86)90077-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91537488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil microbial activity, mycelial lengths and physiological groups of bacteria in a heavy metal polluted area","authors":"Anders Nordgren,&nbsp;Tiiu Kauri,&nbsp;Erland Bååth,&nbsp;Bengt Söderström","doi":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90108-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90108-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The biological effects of heavy metal contamination of coniferous forest soils were studied in the A₀₁/A₀₂ layer around a primary smelter in Northern Sweden. Soil concentrations of 17 elements were determined. Smelter-emitted heavy metals were 5 to 75 times higher in the plot closest to the smelter compared with background levels. Despite emission of sulphur no decrease in pH was found.</p><p>Bacteria producing acid from maltose, cellobiose, arabinose or xylose and bacteria hydrolysing starch, pectin, xylan or cellulose decreased 8- to 11-fold due to the soil contamination. Chitin hydrolysers were 5 times less abundant at the most polluted site compared with background levels. Soil respiration rate and urease activity decreased by about a factor of 4, but phosphatase activity and mycelial lengths were unaffected by the soil contamination. Soil bacteria showed a sigmoidal response to the log of metal concentration in the soil and were affected at a lower pollution level than the other biological variables in the study.</p><p>A multivariate analysis (partial least squares) showed that soil metal contamination and soil pH were the two environmental factors influencing the soil microorganisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100483,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 89-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-1471(86)90108-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84330814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of atmospheric pollution on the protein and amino acid metabolism of spruce Picea abies trees","authors":"Beate Zedler,&nbsp;Regina Plarre,&nbsp;Gunter M. Rothe","doi":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90094-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90094-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ten 80-year-old spruce <em>Picea abies</em> trees from a forest district on the south side of the Taunus mountain range adjacent to the densely populated Rhine-Main area were analysed for their protein and amino acid metabolism.</p><p>The quantities of SDS-soluble proteins in the youngest needles decreased slightly with increasing defoliation of the trees, but SDS-protein patterns remained constant. In the youngest needles, however, proteinogenous amino acids increased severalfold with increasing needle loss. Arginine, threonine, isoleucine, alanine, tyrosine, lysine, histidine, leucine, methionine,and serine increased about 300%, valine and glycine about 250%. On the other hand, the contents in phenylalanine decreased about 60% and, in cysteic acid, about 22%. Chlorophyll contents in the youngest needles were relatively constant (no yellow needles present). The amount of dry matter increased slightly.</p><p>The rise in amino acid concentrations which wer observed is severalfold higher than that estimated 10 years ago in areas polluted by gaseous SO₂. We suggest that the increasing contents of amino acids are attributable to high amounts of ammonia which have accumulated in the forest soil.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100483,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 193-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-1471(86)90094-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83877953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}