Energy Storage and Saving最新文献_第6页

ReaxFF-MD simulation investigation of the degradation pathway of phenol for hydrogen production by supercritical water gasification 超临界水气化制氢过程中苯酚降解途径的 ReaxFF-MD 模拟研究

Energy Storage and Saving Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enss.2023.05.001

Deming Zhang , Shaoqi Wang , Yu Feng , Zixuan Wang , Hui Jin

{"title":"ReaxFF-MD simulation investigation of the degradation pathway of phenol for hydrogen production by supercritical water gasification","authors":"Deming Zhang , Shaoqi Wang , Yu Feng , Zixuan Wang , Hui Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.enss.2023.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enss.2023.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wastewater from the thermochemical conversion of coal and biomass contains a significant amount of phenolic structures compounds. The degradation of these phenolic compounds to hydrogen-rich gasses can prevent environmental pollution and save energy. Supercritical water (SCW) gasification of phenol is experimentally studied and a reactive force field molecular dynamics (ReaxFF-MD) simulation is conducted to investigate the catalytic mechanism of Ni/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in the phenol degradation. The experimental results indicate that Ni/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> facilitates the conversion of phenol to 1-ethoxy butane via ring opening, which is a crucial step for complete gasification. The ReaxFF-MD simulation demonstrated that Ni facilitates the formation of H<sub>3</sub>O free radicals and Ni-phenol intermediates. H<sub>3</sub>O free radicals can be decomposed into H<sub>2</sub> and OH free radicals. Both the generated OH free radical and Ni-phenol intermediate promote the ring-opening reaction of phenol. Ni promotes the direct decomposition of phenol into C<sub>1</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>, and C<sub>3</sub> fragments, which is beneficial for further complete gasification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100472,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage and Saving","volume":"2 4","pages":"Pages 578-585"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772683523000262/pdfft?md5=e773f07f815bbe87bad85e3ec92dafba&pid=1-s2.0-S2772683523000262-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77708574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Thermal performance of a metal hydride reactor for hydrogen storage with cooling/heating by natural convection 利用自然对流冷却/加热的金属氢化物储氢反应器的热性能

Energy Storage and Saving Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enss.2023.08.006

Konstantin Borisovich Minko, Maksim Nashchekin

{"title":"Thermal performance of a metal hydride reactor for hydrogen storage with cooling/heating by natural convection","authors":"Konstantin Borisovich Minko, Maksim Nashchekin","doi":"10.1016/j.enss.2023.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enss.2023.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metal hydride (MH) systems can be used for storage in stationary facilities of hydrogen with a high volume density at temperatures and pressures close to ambient ones. Recently, the possibility of using passive heating/cooling systems or regenerative heat exchangers has been studied to improve the energy efficiency of MH systems for hydrogen storage without the need for forced circulation of a heating/cooling fluid. Natural convection of air may be used to passively remove/add heat as required for proper operation of a MH reactor. Under these conditions, the MH reactor can operate at a constant ambient air temperature and be driven by a difference in pressure between the source and the consumer of hydrogen. Since operation of MH systems with natural convective heating/cooling has not been systematically investigated as yet, a tubular MH reactor based on this principle is examined in this paper. Two-thirds of the internal volume of ø25.4 × 1 mm tube is occupied by a composition of LaNi<sub>5</sub> and aluminium foam (one linear metre contains 1.1 kg of LaNi<sub>5</sub> with a hydrogen capacity of 153 NL H<sub>2</sub>). Annular fins are used to increase heat transfer to air. Detailed and simplified mathematical models of the systems of this class are proposed and validated. It is shown that acceptable hydrogen charging/discharging rates in such systems are achieved with proper selection of fining characteristics. Charging from a hydrogen source at a pressure of 10 atm and an ambient air temperature of 10 to 30 °C takes 15 min. A reactor with a length of 1 m can desorb almost all stored hydrogen at a minimum outlet pressure of 0.45 bar to feed 30–300 W fuel cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100472,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage and Saving","volume":"2 4","pages":"Pages 597-607"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772683523000444/pdfft?md5=64c12d82adf126d1b9de703245dcfd0a&pid=1-s2.0-S2772683523000444-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88494877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation of inflow-outflow asymmetry in induced-charge electro-osmosis 诱导电荷电渗中流入-流出不对称的实验研究

Energy Storage and Saving Pub Date : 2023-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.enss.2023.10.002

Lingqi Zhao , Tianwei Lai , Yingke Gao , Shaohang Yan , Mingzhe Liu , Yu Hou

{"title":"Experimental investigation of inflow-outflow asymmetry in induced-charge electro-osmosis","authors":"Lingqi Zhao , Tianwei Lai , Yingke Gao , Shaohang Yan , Mingzhe Liu , Yu Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.enss.2023.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enss.2023.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Induced-charge electro-osmosis (ICEO) is a research hotspot in bioengineering and analytical chemistry. Inflow-outflow asymmetry of ICEO was reported in the existing literatures, but systematic study on this phenomenon is insufficient. In this experimental study, we found that in strong electric fields, not only the velocity magnitude but also the vortex positions of ICEO are asymmetrical along the inflow and outflow directions because of the pronounced non-uniform surface electrokinetic transport. On the inflow and outflow directions, the amplitudes of velocities are unequal, ICEO maximum velocity positions change depending on the electric field intensity and sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration. Additionally, the distances between vortex centers are different. At NaCl solution concentration of 0.001 mol·L<sup>–1</sup>, the outflow velocity almost vanishes. The asymmetry rises with the increasing electric field intensity. The new discoveries can direct the application of microscale devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100472,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage and Saving","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 16-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772683523000559/pdfft?md5=a4b45c0fc09da5dc42ec276d4ededa9d&pid=1-s2.0-S2772683523000559-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135761944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent advances in energy storage and energy saving technologies: SDEWES special issue in 2022 储能和节能技术的最新进展：2022 年 SDEWES 特刊

Energy Storage and Saving Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.enss.2023.09.001

Wenxiao Chu , Neven Duić , Qiuwang Wang

{"title":"Recent advances in energy storage and energy saving technologies: SDEWES special issue in 2022","authors":"Wenxiao Chu , Neven Duić , Qiuwang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.enss.2023.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enss.2023.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the past few decades, there has been significant attention devoted to the development of advanced technologies for achieving sustainable and environmentally friendly energy production. One prominent event in this field was the 17th SDEWES Conference (Sustainable Development of Energy, Water, and Environment Systems), which took place from November 6–10, 2022, in Paphos, Cyprus. This conference served as a gathering for 496 professionals, comprising scientists, researchers, and experts specializing in sustainable development. Participants came from 52 countries spanning six continents, with 349 attending in person and 147 joining virtually. Prof. Neven Duić, the full professor in the University of Zagreb, originated the SDEWES series since 2002, and serves as the associate editor of Energy Storage and Saving (ENSS) from the journal organization in 2021. This special issue (SI) is the second-time collaboration between SDEWES and ENSS. This editorial focuses on collating the key papers presented during the conference, with a particular emphasis on the pivotal topics including review on electrification and decarbonization, geothermal power utilization, thermal energy storage in heat pump, thermo-economic analysis on thermal system of buildings, industrial policymaking for low-emission technologies and mining investment in Latin America. ENSS also has established the SI for 18th SDEWES in 2023. Manuscripts are welcomed to 18th SDEWES held in Dubrovnik, Croatia on September 24–29, 2023.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100472,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage and Saving","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772683523000560/pdfft?md5=1197d5bcea6901189431d7185dfeefd0&pid=1-s2.0-S2772683523000560-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135707861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermodynamic performance of a cryogenic energy storage system based on natural gas liquefaction 基于天然气液化的低温储能系统的热力学性能

Energy Storage and Saving Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.enss.2023.10.001

Xiaoqiao Qin , Hongbo Tan , Wei Shen , Na Wen , Yu Sun

{"title":"Thermodynamic performance of a cryogenic energy storage system based on natural gas liquefaction","authors":"Xiaoqiao Qin , Hongbo Tan , Wei Shen , Na Wen , Yu Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.enss.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enss.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cryogenic energy storage (CES) is a viable method for grid-scale electrical energy storage. Considering the high energy density and mature application of liquefied natural gas (LNG), we proposed an LNG cryogenic energy storage (LNGES) system. A steady-state process model of the LNGES system was established using Aspen HYSYS. The effects of the natural gas composition and key operating parameters such as the charging pressure, discharging pressure, throttling temperature, and liquid storage pressure on the system performance were investigated. A multi-parameter genetic algorithm model built using the MATLAB software was used to optimize the LNGES system to optimize the round-trip efficiency (RTE). Then, an exergy analysis of the optimal configuration was conducted. The results suggested that the LNGES system could achieve optimal RTE and exergy efficiency values of 60.14% and 71.64%, respectively. Exergy destruction mainly occurred during the compression, throttling, expansion, and heat exchange. The proposed LNGES system could be a promising candidate for the large-scale application of CES technology in power grids and gas networks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100472,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage and Saving","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 23-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772683523000547/pdfft?md5=c5b4113f63dc82483beb8bf877d00407&pid=1-s2.0-S2772683523000547-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135654720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding solid phase diffusion-bonding process of Ni (000)/α-Al2O3 (0001) interface Ni (000)/α-Al2O3(0001)界面固相扩散键合过程的研究

Energy Storage and Saving Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enss.2023.02.004

Qicheng Chen , De Qin , Liang Ouyang , Xupan Yang , Yingjin Zhang

{"title":"Understanding solid phase diffusion-bonding process of Ni (000)/α-Al2O3 (0001) interface","authors":"Qicheng Chen , De Qin , Liang Ouyang , Xupan Yang , Yingjin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enss.2023.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enss.2023.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The dynamic processes and characteristics of solid phase diffusion-bonding of interfacial atoms at high temperatures and the effect of that on bonding strength of Ni (111)/α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (0001) interface were investigated through molecular dynamics. It is shown that atomic diffusion occurs at the Ni/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> interface in the temperature range from 698 K to 1,098 K, and proceeds mainly from the Ni side to the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> side. The interface was previously reconstructed by solid bonding below the melting temperature, leading to the amorphization of the interface. Besides, the intermetallic complexes such as Al<sub>m</sub>Ni<sub>n</sub> (e.g., AlNi<sub>3</sub>), metal oxide NiO and Ni-Al-O bonds were formed gradually during the diffusion process of atoms. The formation mechanisms of the Ni-Al, Ni-O, and Ni-Al-O bonds are revealed. Based on the reconstructed structure, the adhesion effort at the interface is compared. The higher the temperature, the larger the bond number and the higher the interfacial bonding strength.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100472,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage and Saving","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 495-502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49884404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimal allocation method of energy storage for integrated renewable generation plants based on power market simulation 基于电力市场仿真的一体化可再生电站储能优化分配方法

Energy Storage and Saving Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enss.2023.02.007

Dazheng Liu , Fei Zhao , Shu Wang , Yongmei Cui , Jun Shu

{"title":"Optimal allocation method of energy storage for integrated renewable generation plants based on power market simulation","authors":"Dazheng Liu , Fei Zhao , Shu Wang , Yongmei Cui , Jun Shu","doi":"10.1016/j.enss.2023.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enss.2023.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study designs and proposes a method for evaluating the configuration of energy storage for integrated renewable generation plants in the power spot market, which adopts a two-level optimization model of “system simulation + plant optimization”. The first step is “system simulation” which is using the power market simulation model to obtain the initial nodal marginal price and curtailment of the integrated renewable generation plant. The second step is “plant optimization” which is using the operation optimization model of the integrated renewable generation plant to optimize the charge-discharge operation of energy storage. In the third step, “system simulation” is conducted again, and the combined power of renewable and energy storage inside the plant is brought into the system model and simulated again for 8,760 h of power market year-round to quantify and compare the power generation and revenue of the integrated renewable generation plant after applying energy storage. In the case analysis of the provincial power spot market, an empirical analysis of a 1 GW wind-solar-storage integrated generation plant was conducted. The results show that the economic benefit of energy storage is approximately proportional to its capacity and that there is a slowdown in the growth of economic benefits when the capacity is too large. In the case that the investment benefit of energy storage only considers the income of electric energy-related incomes and does not consider the income of capacity mechanism and auxiliary services, the income of energy storage cannot fulfill the economic requirements of energy storage investment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100472,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage and Saving","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 540-547"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49884408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The effects of industrial policymaking on the economics of low-emission technologies: the TRANSid model 产业政策制定对低排放技术经济的影响:TRANSid模型

Energy Storage and Saving Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enss.2023.03.003

Timo Gerres, José Pablo Chaves, Pedro Linares

引用次数: 2

Simulation and analysis of a peak regulation gas power plant with advanced energy storage and cryogenic CO2 capture 具有先进储能和低温CO2捕集技术的调峰燃气电厂仿真与分析

Energy Storage and Saving Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enss.2023.05.004

Na Wen, Hongbo Tan, Xiaoqiao Qin

{"title":"Simulation and analysis of a peak regulation gas power plant with advanced energy storage and cryogenic CO2 capture","authors":"Na Wen, Hongbo Tan, Xiaoqiao Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.enss.2023.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enss.2023.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flexible gas power plants are subject to energy storage, peak regulations, and greenhouse gas emissions. This study proposes an integrated power generation system that combines liquid air energy storage (LAES), liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy utilization, gas power systems, and CO<sub>2</sub> capture and storage (CCS) technologies, named the LAES-LNG-CCS system. The off-peak electricity can be stored in liquid air. During the peak period, air and gas turbines generate supplementary electricity. Both LNG chemical energy and cold energy were considered: the former was used for gas power plants, and the latter was used for LAES regasification and CCS processes. Based on the thermodynamic analysis, we evaluated the effects of the recovery pressure, CCS pressure, and combustion temperature on the system power consumption and efficiency. The results demonstrated that the system recovery pressure, CCS pressure, and combustion temperature had the greatest effects on system power generation. Round-trip efficiency (RTE) was significantly affected by combustion temperature. The largest exergy loss occurred in the gas power plant. The optimal system operating ranges of the system recovery pressure, CCS pressure, and combustion temperature were 6−10 MPa, 0.53−0.8 MPa, and 1,503−1,773 K, where the RTEs and <span><math><msub><mi>η</mi><mrow><mtext>Ex</mtext><mo>,</mo><mspace></mspace><mrow><mi>RS</mi></mrow></mrow></msub></math></span> reached 55%−58.98% and 74.6%−76%, respectively. The proposed system can simultaneously achieve the synergistic functions of large-scale energy storage, multilevel energy utilization, peak regulation, and carbon emission reduction. It can also be widely used in advanced distributed energy storage applications in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100472,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage and Saving","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 479-486"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49884406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative study on heat transfer enhancement of metal foam and fins in a shell-and-tube latent heat thermal energy storage unit 壳管式潜热蓄热装置中金属泡沫与翅片强化传热的比较研究

Energy Storage and Saving Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enss.2023.03.004

Shuai Zhang , Ziyuan Li , Yuying Yan , Mark Alston , Limei Tian

{"title":"Comparative study on heat transfer enhancement of metal foam and fins in a shell-and-tube latent heat thermal energy storage unit","authors":"Shuai Zhang , Ziyuan Li , Yuying Yan , Mark Alston , Limei Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.enss.2023.03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enss.2023.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metal foam and fins are two popular structures that are employed to enhance the heat transfer of phase change materials in shell-and-tube heat storage units. However, it remains unclear which structure is better in terms of energy storage performance. In this study, the heat transfer enhancement performances of metal foam and fins are compared to provide guidance on the optimal structure to be chosen for practical applications. Three fin structures (four fins, two vertical fins, and two horizontal fins) are considered. Under the full configuration (volume fraction of metal = 3%), the unit with four fins was found to have a faster melting rate than those with vertical or horizontal fins. In other words, increasing the number of fins helps to accelerate the melting process. Nevertheless, the unit with metal foam enhancement has the highest melting rate. Under the half configuration (volume fraction of metal = 1.5%), the melting rate of the unit enhanced by metal foam is significantly decreased, whereas there is no remarkable changes in the units enhanced by fins. However, metal foam is still shown to be the best thermal enhancer. The energy storage rate of the unit enhanced by metal foam can be up to 10 times higher than that of the unit enhanced by fins.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100472,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage and Saving","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 487-494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49884405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2